宁夏导游词【经典20篇】

宁夏地处内陆，属温带大陆性半干旱气候。跨东部季风区和西北干旱区，西南靠近青藏高寒区，大致处在我国三大自然区的交汇、过渡地带。年平均气温为5℃～9℃，昼夜温差大。年降水量一般为200～600毫米。全年日照达3000小时，无霜期170天左右，是中国日照和太阳辐射最充足的地区之一。

宁夏是中华远古文明的发祥地之一。宁夏灵武水洞沟旧石器时代晚期人类活动遗址和出土文物表明，早在3万年前就有人类在这里繁衍生息。

春秋战国时期，境内就开始修筑闻名世界的长城。秦始皇统一中国后，派兵在宁夏屯垦，开始了引黄河水灌溉的历史，到汉代(前206～220)，这里农耕经济已相当繁荣。唐代天宝十四载(755)爆发了“安史之乱”，太子李亨进入宁夏，在灵武登基称帝，史称唐肃宗。当时，宁夏已成为中国东西交通贸易的重要通道之一。北宋宝元元年(1038)，党项族首领李元昊以宁夏为中心建立了大夏国，史称西夏，定都兴庆府(今银川市)。蒙古灭西夏后，于元至元二十四年(1287)设宁夏府路，始有“宁夏”地名。明设宁夏卫。清设宁夏府。民国初年，宁夏府改为朔方道，1920xx年成立宁夏省。1949年中华人民共和国成立后，于1954年撤销宁夏省。1958年10月25日成立宁夏回族自治区。

宁夏矿产资源丰富，农业、能源和旅游优势突出。全区有耕地128.8万公顷。其中水浇地33.3万多公顷。有待开发的宜农荒地66万余公顷，其中可开发水产养殖的荒滩13.3万公顷、荒水面积5.6万公顷，有草场300万公顷。已发现的矿产资源有50多种，人均自然资源潜在价值为全国平均价值的163.5%，居全国第五位。尤其是非金属矿产资源丰富，主要有煤炭、石膏、石油、天然气等。石膏蕴藏量居全国第一。全区近三分之一的土地下蕴藏有丰富的煤炭资源，探明储量300多亿吨，居全国第五位。仅灵武煤田探明储量就达270多亿吨，相当于中国东北地区探明储量的总和。全国十大煤种，宁夏就有9种。世界著名的优质无烟煤太西煤，年出口量达100万吨。地跨宁夏的陕甘宁盆地天然气田，已探明储量20xx多亿立方米，是世界特级大气田。

自治区下辖银川、石嘴山、吴忠、固原、中卫5个地级市，兴庆、金凤、西夏、大武口、惠农、原州6个市辖区，灵武、青铜峡2个县级市，永宁、贺兰、平罗、同心、盐池、中宁、海原、泾源、西吉、隆德、彭阳11个县和红寺堡开发区(县级移民开发区)，首府银川市。

宁夏有回、汉等35个民族，20xx年末总人口603.73万人，其中汉族377.42万人、回族206.49万人。宁夏是我国最大的回族聚居区，回族群众信仰伊斯兰教。

中国回族形成于元代。关于回族的来源可以上溯到公元七世纪中叶，那时就有阿拉伯和波斯商人到中国经商和留居。元代大批中亚人、波斯人和阿拉伯人来到中国，由于通婚和社会经济关系，与汉、维吾尔、蒙古等族在长期相处的过程中形成回回民族。早在宋代，就有信仰伊斯兰教的波斯人在宁夏经商定居。元代大批中亚阿拉伯的穆斯林与蒙古人一起，迁今宁夏屯垦戍边。元末明初回族逐渐形成，宁夏回族进入一个相对稳定发展的时期。

回族人居宁夏，最早可追溯到唐末。到北宋、西夏时期，东来的穆斯林多从玉门、酒泉经西夏属地至中原。到元代，大批阿拉伯人、波斯人、中亚人被征调或迁徙，以半军事、半屯牧的形式生存。明初，大批回回人以“归附土达”身份被安插到灵州(今灵武市一带)及固原各州县,加之不断迁徙来宁夏开发、屯垦的回回人，形成了许多回族聚居点。到了清乾隆年间，“宁夏至平凉千里，尽系回庄”，宁夏回族人口剧增。至同治年间(1862-1874年)，西北回民反清起义遭到残酷镇压，义军及眷属被迁赶到偏僻地区，其中部分回民移居灵州、化平(今宁夏泾源县)、隆德、海原等县。

作为宁夏主体民族的回族，信仰伊斯兰教。在宁夏回族聚居地区，建有不同建筑形式和不同规模的清真寺3000多座，有阿訇约4000名。回族穆斯林群众一般信奉五项“功课”即：念、礼、斋、课、朝。回族的传统节日有开斋节、古尔邦节(又称宰牲节)和圣纪节三大节日。自治区和各市、县建有各级宗教社会团体即伊斯兰教协会，管理自己的宗教生活。自治区在银川市开办了宁夏伊斯兰经学院，在同心县开办了同心阿拉伯语专修学校，帮助穆斯林群众培养了大批有宗教学识的人才。除伊斯兰教外，宁夏还有群众信仰、佛教、天主教、基督教、道教。自治区人民政府对各种宗教一视同仁，群众正常的宗教活动受到保护，各种宗教人士在宁夏长期和睦相处。

宁夏回族在衣着、饮食、起居卫生、婚嫁、丧葬等方面形成了独具特色的风俗习惯。回族男性都喜欢戴白色的小圆帽，穿黑色的马甲。回族妇女还喜欢戴盖头，戴金银耳环、戒指、手镯等。回族特别讲究卫生，室内外清洁整齐，灶具洁净。平时洗手、洗脸多用汤瓶，沐浴用吊罐。

回族喜欢吃牛、羊、骆驼等反刍类的偶蹄目食草动物肉，也吃鸡、鸭、鹅、鱼肉，禁食猪肉，不食动物血液和自死的禽畜。虔诚的教徒食用的禽畜，必须由阿訇代宰。回族一般不吸烟，不喝酒，男女老少都爱喝泡有冰糖、茶叶、枸杞、核桃仁、芝麻、桂圆、红枣、果脯等营养佐料的“八宝”盖碗茶。喜庆节日，回族多制作油香、馓子、油果等油炸食品。有尊贵客人时，会以丰盛的“全羊席”和各种回族小吃热情接待。婚姻方面，实行一夫一妻制。回族婚礼很隆重，且有许多宗教和民族的特点。如举行婚礼时，要请阿訇念“尼卡哈”，即用阿拉伯经文进行证婚和祝贺。回族丧葬简易，实行土葬、薄葬。葬礼包括清洁埋体、白布裹尸、阿訇主持举行宗教祈祷仪式、入葬四道程序。

清真寺，又称礼拜寺。阿拉伯语为“麦斯吉德”，意即叩头的地方。既是伊斯兰教信徒聚众礼拜的场所，某些地方又兼有文化教育中心、社会活动中心的功用。宁夏清真寺的创建从元代开始，经明、清两代，清真寺的数量和规模得到了相当的发展。拱北，是伊斯兰教某地域杰出人物的陵园。道堂，是伊斯兰教某分支宗教领导人礼拜、诵经、讲学和居住的地方。宁夏伊斯兰建筑集中反映了伊斯兰文化与中国传统文化相结合的过程，并具有鲜明的地方文化特色和民族个性。

由银川市南门广场附近出发，经南薰东街、银横公路一路向东南约10.5公里即至鸣翠湖。而若由此继续向东，不到3公里便是黄河西岸。追溯这处湖泊的起源，便与它身边的这条大河密不可分。

宁夏地理学者汪一鸣对银川湖泊形成颇有研究。在他看来，黄河流经地势平坦的银川平原，无论地质时期或历史时期，河道均曾在平原上来回摆动。这种摆动，虽然年代久远，但仍有迹可寻——由黄河故道形成的湖泊，便是证据之一。

查看银川地图，在黄河西侧，惠农渠与汉延渠之间，有一些湖泊，如鹤泉湖、周家湖、阎家湖、清水湖、福家湖……它们大小一不，呈南北一线分布。在汪先生的研究中，它们均为黄河故道遗迹。鸣翠湖，也在此列。

同时，根据汪先生对这一线黄河河道历史上迁移情况的考证——自明代末期之后，河道主流才最终东移，迁至河床位置。可知，鸣翠湖水域，至迟在明代末期才最终定型。约420xx年左右。

历史：从古井遗址说起

“定型”之后的鸣翠湖，又经历过哪些变迁?我们不妨从园区内一处“古井”说起。

古井，是曾在这里存在过的一处名叫“道祖庙”的寺观的遗迹。我区已故文史专家贺吉德先生曾作《鸣翠湖道祖庙碑记》一文。文中叙述“鸣翠湖为古长湖中段，据方志记载，昔日长湖南北迤逦十余里，至明末清初，长湖淤竭为三，自南至北取名杨家湖、岛嘴湖、清水湖，长湖之名遂失。湖之西南有长湖村，即其遗孑……”

所谓“古长湖”，由上述引文可知，这是一个至少在明代还存在的湖泊。

宁夏明代志书中，“长湖”之称最早见于弘治《宁夏新志》“长湖：在城(即银川原老城区)南十五里。”此后的嘉靖《宁夏新志》、乾隆《银川小志》也持同样说法。乾隆《宁夏府志》的内容详细了一些“长湖：在张政堡，去城一十五里……”

鸣翠湖，位于银川原老城区东南约10.5公里，汉延渠之西。若以明清时里数折合今里制计算，志书中的“一十五里”约为8公里多。以今银川南薰楼(古时银川城南门)为起点，向南或东南方向延伸此距离，均无法达至鸣翠湖区域。而若以东南方向为准，这8公里多距离的终点，倒是可以落到一处名为“长湖村”的地方。

考辨：清代属“连湖”一部分

长湖村，位于青银高速之南，汉延渠之西，且在这一带南北分布着一系列诸如“长湖沟”“长湖一队”“长湖三队”等很多与“长湖”有关的地名。询问当地的村民，他们说过去这里曾有个长形的大湖，后来逐渐干涸变成了现的田地。

再考证明代张政堡位置，《银川地名志》(1988年版)在今掌政镇“史家庄”条目下记载“庄北为明代张政堡遗址”。其位置在汉延渠之西。对照《宁夏水利专刊》中一张1936年绘制的“宁夏全省渠流一览图”，张政堡的标注也是在汉延渠之西，与其紧邻的一处南北长的大湖，明确标示着“长湖”之名。

明时湖泊地图无考，但由上述证据推断，且有古今走向基本未变的汉延渠作为参照，明代的“长湖”，更可能是在今长湖村南北一线，而非汉延渠之东的鸣翠湖一线。

那么，古时的鸣翠湖有何名称?或者说属于哪一湖泊水系?这一点，在成书于1780年的乾隆《宁夏府志》中可以找到一些踪迹。该志所附“舆地全图”中，在汉延渠与惠农渠之间，今鸣翠湖所属区域，有着一片连绵、密布的大面积水域，上面标注着“连湖”的名称。若以此图为据，倒是可以比较准确地说，鸣翠湖，属清代这处“连湖”的一部分。

往事：“打芦柴”的记忆

明清之后的鸣翠湖，又有着怎样的变化?史料中也可找到一些踪迹。

查看《宁夏水利专刊》所附1935年的渠流图。昔日宁夏省城(今银川)周围湖泊远比现众多，由省城南关东门开始的宁盐路(今银横路前身)，向东南方向蜿蜒伸展，穿行于诸多湖泊、河渠之间。当经张政桥过汉延渠，快至惠农渠上的永固桥时，道路由两处紧邻的湖泊间穿过，路北为“蒋湖”，路南为“陆家湖”。与地图比对，这片水域便是鸣翠湖所在。

53岁的顾维城是掌政镇本地人。他记得他年少时，还有一条被老人们称作“官道”的路，从道祖庙遗迹(今鸣翠湖观塔附近)南侧穿过。此处所谓“官道”，应该就是昔日宁盐路。也就是说，鸣翠湖，其实是由民国时期的“陆家湖”和“蒋湖”的一部分组成的。

顾维城的记忆里，他小时候常跟着父母去湖区“打芦柴”。这也是上世纪六七十年代以及更早时期里，鸣翠湖于当地人的最大功用。昔日的鸣翠湖，芦苇长满湖区。每到冬季结冰，人们便走上湖面收割芦苇。芦苇夜间被冻至最脆硬时，最易收割，于仕维城和家人常常在凌晨3点左右就开始了冰面上的劳作……

也是因这“芦柴”的效益，旧时的湖区常被整个或“切割”成部分归为某户人家所有，也便有了冠以姓氏的湖名。查阅昔日地图与资料，这处水域，除了“陆家湖”、“蒋湖”，还有过“刘家湖”、“卢家湖”等名称。

后记：古老湖泊的今日命运

岁月更替中的鸣翠湖，经历了诸多历史与变迁。上世纪90年代，穿湖而过的青银高速(时称银古一级公路)建成，鸣翠湖被一分为二。20xx年起，鸣翠湖开始进行湿地保护与恢复建设，并正式更为现名。经过退田还湖、湖泊清淤、恢复植被等措施后，鸣翠湖生态环境显著改善。

20xx年6月，鸣翠湖被批准成为国家湿地公园。如今，这里自然生态体系完整，人文历史景观丰富，成为塞上湖城的一处美景佳地。新的时代里，鸣翠湖开始了它另一种全新的命运。

公园内里湖水清澈，一派江南水乡的风景。夏天你来到这里，可以沿着水边漫步，钓钓鱼，近处是垂柳，远处是芦苇。你还可以在湖中荡舟，近距离的欣赏荷花。景区为年轻游客准备众多娱乐项目，比如：水上梅花桩、水上s桥、水上云梯等水上娱乐活动，此外还有一些刺激的拓展运动可供游客选择。

如果你是冬天来到景区，也不会让你失望，可以在景区内的滑雪场玩玩雪上运动。如果你是个鸟类爱好者，那么你在春夏时节，能在宫内内观赏到成千上万的珍贵鸟类，其中不乏有黑鹳、中华秋沙鸭、白尾海雕、大鸨等国家保护鸟类。

湿地公园可以分南北两部分，几乎所有的人工景点和娱乐项目都在公园的北部，公园的南部是非常自然状态的生态保护区。公园有四个入口，几乎都位于北部区域，西南部的入口位于南北两部分的分界处。

位于银川东郊的鸣翠湖湿地生态旅游区，距市区9公里，邻黄河2公里，规划面积10000余亩，是集生态保护、旅游观光、会议度假、休闲娱乐为一体的生态示范园区。

到鸣翠湖湿地观鸟，静闻百鸟齐鸣的天籁之音，可以说是人生一大乐事。鸣翠湖有鸟类97种，其中黑鹳、中华秋沙鸭、白尾海雕、大鸨为国家一级保护动物。目前，园区内的水、电、路、绿化等基础设施框架基本形成，构建了“水车苑”、“芦苇迷宫”、“野生垂钓”、“观鸟赏花”等旅游项目，是一处休闲养性的好去处。

欢迎大家到青铜峡来观光旅游，很高兴由我为大家做今天的导游。

游客朋友们，首先，请大家随我到一百零八塔文物陈列室去看一看。这里摆放着许多修复古塔时从塔中发掘的西夏经文，泥塑佛像，砖雕佛像，内容十分丰富。

看完文物陈列室后，我们一起从塔的左面上去，再从塔的右面下来。一会儿大家上塔时要抚摸塔身，一层层地登上去。佛教把人生烦恼归结为108种，数一座塔即可消除一种烦恼，如果大家真能一口气数遍108个塔，你便能消除心中的烦恼。

大家顺着我的手指往上看：这组位于陡峭山坡上的古塔，因塔的总数为108座从而得名一百零八塔。一百零八塔原本是一组规模宏大的寺庙建筑群，但由于自然和人为原因，这里的绝大部分的寺庙或被毁灭或被湮没，如今仅塔林独存。1987～1988年文物管理部门对塔群进行了加固维修，安装了金属宝顶和塔群护栏、台阶。1989年又正式划定了保护范围，并委派专人看护，这里才真正成为青铜峡的王牌景点。

现在我们已到了塔顶，让我们走到塔旁来观赏。108塔背山面河，沿山坡修建，从高到低按奇数一，三、三，五、五，七，九……十九排列，构成一个等边三角形塔群。这种布局的塔群建筑十分罕见，在我国现存的塔群中还找不出第二个，它也是全国第三大塔群，塔数仅次于河南高山少林寺塔群(约250座)、山东长清灵岩寺塔群(167座)。

看完塔的布局，我们再来看塔的外观造型。这每个塔的结构看起来都大致相同，塔的底座都是砖砌的八角形须弥座，塔心的正中还立着一竖木，里面填的是土坯，外面砌着青砖，塔体外表涂着白灰，整个塔的形状就像一把盖着宝珠的伞。有个游客告诉我说它跟北京妙应寺元代白塔的造型很相似，都具有喇嘛塔的特点。这些塔大小有别，顶端的那座单塔形体最大，有3.5米高，它的底部是个八角形的束腰须弥座，塔身象覆钵，塔顶如宝珠，东面还有个供人烧香的小门，一百零八塔中数这个塔最大。它下面的塔按比例缩小，大约有2.5米高，它们的塔身形状也逐层有变化，第2到第4层是尖锥形，5、6两层塔的形状就像个葫芦，7至12层大家看象不象个宝瓶。西夏灭亡后，一百零八塔就一直被冷落在这山野。1958年，在这佛塔以东的滔滔黄河上兴建了青铜峡拦水坝时，人们才意外地发现了这遗忘了数百年的一百零八塔。人们发现这些塔时塔心正中就立着一根竖木，而且这些塔也的确是用土坯砌的，最外一层的塔面上还有彩绘遗迹。后代的人重修时，又在土坯塔体外面另外包了一层砖，还给砖上抹了一层泥。从建筑学的角度看，这些塔上下协调，隐含着佛家“人生在世，有大造化，也有小造化;有大功德，也有小功德。只要用心修行，虔诚向佛，他的功劳便不磨灭。”的意味。

游客们，关于一百零八塔的建筑年代至今还是个谜呢!有人认为：从形状、结构上看它可能是元代建的。因为明朝的《大明一统志》等书都记载了一百零八塔在青铜峡，而且将它称为“古塔"。__时这里的一部分塔被毁，1987年重修时人们在塔的内外及塔基下意外地发现了一些写在丝绸上的西夏文字残片及元朝时期遗留的物品，才知道原来这些塔群是西夏时所建。据考古专家说：一百零塔建于西夏，兴于元代，所以明代人才称它为“古塔”，到明清时这里成为香火旺盛的佛教寺院建筑的中心，受到善男信女的养护与崇拜。

有的游客问我：为何一百零八塔要建在青铜峡?主要是这里风水好。大家看这塔的后面有青铜色的山做屏障，前面又有黄河润泽塔四周的草木。可能还有些外地游客不知道，在这塔群附近的黄河库区，有个被人誉为"候鸟天堂"的青铜峡鸟岛。每年春季，数万只候鸟从南方赶来，在这里生儿育女。绿草青山，飞鸟成群，也给这古老寂寞的塔群增添了无限生机啊!但考古专家却认为：党项族人在此修造佛塔，与佛教有关。西夏王国崇尚佛教，就把佛教定为国教。因此宁夏境内的寺、塔很多。银川承天寺塔(俗称西塔)、海宝塔(俗称北塔)，还有一百零八塔都是西夏时留下的佛塔。

还有游客问我：西夏人建这么一座佛塔有讲究吗?讲究当然有。一百零八塔是佛教纪念性建筑，而“108”又是佛教最崇拜的数字。我国各地寺庙自古以来，都有撞钟祈福的习俗。佛教认为人有一百零八种烦恼，敲一百零八下钟，人听了之后便可以排忧解愁。

此外，民间对建塔还有这样的说法：明朝初期，108位将士在青铜峡阻击敌人的战斗中全部壮烈牺牲，为了纪念他们人们建了108座塔。那个最大的塔据说是为纪念一位战死的将军而建的。也有人说，当时抗击敌人的是108个和尚，108座塔是为这些和尚而建的。另外民间还相传，一百零八塔是穆桂英的“点将台”，“天门阵”。虽然这只是些传说，但却反映出了人们的良好愿望。

各位游客，青铜峡的一百零八塔我们游完了，相信大家和我一样，将把它的美丽神奇珍藏在脑海中，永不遗忘。

高庙坐北朝南，是一座三教合一的寺庙。主要建筑都位于一条中轴线上。层层相因，逐步增高;辅助建筑位于两侧，均衡对称;主体建筑与辅助建筑之间飞桥相连，极富变化。在仅20_余平方米的高台上，建筑了近百间九脊歇山、四角攒尖、十字歇山、将军盔顶等各种类型、不同风格的殿宇。整个建筑群以其殿宇精巧，檐牙相啄，翼角高翘曲廊有致而闻名遐迩，真是宁夏古建筑中的杰作。

高庙的独特之处不仅在于其完美的造型，更妙的是它还集儒、道、佛三教于一庙，共塑有各类神像174座，逼真精美之极，令人目不暇接。高庙地狱是我国四大鬼城之一，进入阴曹地府，既刺激又令人叹为观止。

登上中卫高庙的最高层，又是另一番景象。极目云天，泼黛浮蓝;大漠绿洲、黄河、长城尽收眼底。近处，云蒸霞蔚;远处，飘来的瀚海驼铃深沉悦耳。

1、交通：高庙距离中卫火车站较近，可以直接走过去。

2、中卫高庙门票：10元。

3、开放时间：08：00—18：00。

美食：中卫是宁夏红的故乡，据说光宁夏红去年就创造了7个亿的产值。可见一颗颗枸杞的经济价值。所以带上几斤高品质的枸杞回家熬粥泡水喝还是比较划算的。

因为是在宁夏，所以手抓羊肉是少不了的，然后就是烤肉串，糊辣羊蹄等清真食品，味道没有平罗一带那么辣了，主食当然是各种面食，个人以为还是揪面片比较好吃。

现存最大的洞窟是九间没梁寺洞，面宽12.5米，进深7.4米，高约25米。洞窟内竟无一根梁柱，俗称“九间没梁寺”。

宁夏第一座以清代仿古建筑群为主体的小型园林――宁园，于1987年国庆节期间落成。

宁园位于银川市解放东街南侧。从西门进园，便进入盆景区。主要区由“兴庆殿"、“沁茗"阁、碑、廊及水池组成。“兴庆殿"是园中最高大的殿宇。殿内壁画“西夏风云"艺术地再现了我国历史上西夏国时期的政治、经济、文化、军事及风土人情。“兴庆殿"前的方型水池中置汉白玉石雕“哪吒闹海"。“兴庆殿"左侧是卷棚式仿古建筑“沁茗"阁，右侧则是一个四角由重檐亭和一个六角亭连接的曲折碑廊，名“翰墨"。廊壁刻有_、董必武及区内外书法家的作品。东区的北面是一组大型假山，有池塘、藤架、花池、供游人活动休息。

近几年，为了发掘被淹埋的文化艺术宝藏，自治区和中宁县人民政府对石空寺石窟进行了清理和修理工作，大部分石窟及寺院已整修和重建。

石空寺始建于何时，尚难明确论断。据明代史料记载，称其为“元故寺"。对于石窟的开凿年代，历来有唐、西夏、元三种传说。今天从窟室的形制和风格看，以始凿于唐代的可能性最大。

西夏王陵一带地势平坦，被山洪冲刷出的道道沟坎纵横交错。这些不太深也不很宽的山洪沟里，生长着北方特有的酸枣树，树冠不大，但厚实油亮的绿叶却十分浓密。它们像一条条绿色的丝带，疏密相间地交织在方圆53平方公里的陵区里，网着那一座座高大突兀的陵墓。

令人感到神奇的是，没有一条山洪沟从帝王陵园和陪葬墓园中穿过。西夏建陵近千年，贺兰山山洪爆发不计其数。但是，沿贺兰山一线，仅有西夏陵区这片土地没有遭受山洪袭击。原因何在?至今是“谜”。 西夏陵园内最为高大醒目的建筑，是一座残高23米的夯土堆，状如窝头。仔细观察，其为八角，上有层层残瓦堆砌，多为五层。于是有学者认定，它在未破坏前是一座八角五层的实心密檐塔，“陵塔”之说便屡见报端。

但塔式建筑缘何立于陵园之内，其功能、作用若何?则少有人说得清楚，

至于这座“陵塔”又为什么建在陵园的西北端，学术界的说法至少有四种，各执一端，拒理争辩了十多年不见分晓。

风雨西夏，党项悲歌。西夏在我国历史上曾经创造过辉煌的业绩和灿烂的文化，西夏文化是中华民族文化园中的一簇奇葩，西夏文字则是这簇奇葩中最为闪亮夺目的明珠西夏陵残碑是蒙古军队破坏西夏陵的见证。从目前收集到的三千三百多块西夏残碑看，一处出土的残碑多则千百块，少则几块，除了仁孝寿陵残碑缀合出一块能读通的16字西夏篆文碑额外，其余残碑没能拼集出一块完整的碑文来。还有陵区出土的八九座石像碑座，獠牙外露，怒目圆睁，双乳丰腴作跪状，有人说是碑座，有人说是祭床，至今没有定论，依然蒙着一层神秘的面纱。可以说，游览西夏王陵，宛如进入一座迷宫，直惹得中外学者争说西夏叹兴衰，指点九陵论长短。

在宁夏回族自治区苜府银川市的西郊，贺兰山东麓，有一座规模宏大的古代陵园建筑群，这就是西夏王陵"^安葬西夏历代帝王的地方。

它是我国古代陵园建筑群中的一颗明珠，虽历经千年的战火和风雨侵蚀，角搂、门阙、碑亭等地面建筑都已被毁坏，但参观后，仍能使人想象出当年陵园的壮观景象。

整个陵园北起泉交沟，南达银巴公路。共有8座帝陵和70佘座妃嫔皇戚的陪葬墓，布列在40多平方公里内的土地上。每座帝陵自成体系，但都是坐北朝南呈纵向长方形，建筑面积均在10万平方米以上。每座陵园4个角间的距离相等，各筑有台榭。

主陵的南部有角楼，角楼外还有碑亭和门阙，布局合理统一。如果能把整个西夏王陵按建成时的模样复原,那么它宏伟的规模、艺术上的风格和价值都可能与北京十三陵相媲美。

现在，假如你来到西夏王陵，尽管只能看到一些头顶白云、脚踏黄土的巨大陵台，然而，当陵园中所特有的弥漫着历史气息的激风吹过时，你是否觉得这些金黄色的大陵台是一种独持的标记呢?!它以特殊的结构和方式印记了西夏王国昔日的辉煌。

西夏王的陵台与中国一般传统陵墓的陵台不同：

首先，陵台并不起封土做冢的作用。它一般建在墓室之后10多米的地方。

其次，据考古工作者分析，在未受到破坏之前，陵台就有几座，十分讲究对称。而西夏王帝陵的碑亭，多数为西一座,东二座，打破了对称格局。

甚至,在同一帝陵内，如果西边修成了殿宇式,那么东边不雷同，偏来个别的式样。

似卜，西夏陵园还有一个在其它的陵园非常难见到的建筑^角台。每一个帝陵有四座,分布于陵园四角，并以此为陵园的边界。这种角台，在中国古代陵园建筑中,也是少有的。现在，我们所掌握的陵园文物，主要是西夏时期的砖瓦等建筑材料构成的。其中有造型生动的绿色琉璃鸱鸮，最大的高达1.5米。还有许多精雕细琢的兽头、兽面、雕龙柱、碑碣等。从现在可见的“一斑”之中，我们足以了獬当年整个西夏王凌的豪华和宏伟。

西夏王陵不愧为古代优秀的陵园杰作。当人们谈起宁夏时，总会想到西夏王陵，想到它的雄伟、它的神秘。它是多么令人神往。

因为，同长城、兵马俑、秦王陵一样，被誉为“东方金字塔”的西夏王陵，也是中华民族的伟大创举!

古城中卫城北建在接连城墙的高台上的雄伟古建筑——高庙，格外引人注目。高庙，始建于明永乐年间，称“新庙”。

清康熙四十八年(公元1720xx年)秋，因地震坍塌重建，后经道光二年、咸丰三年、光绪八年续建，改称“玉皇阁”。民国初年增建后，改称“高庙”，建筑面积达2510平方米，是一处造型完整、气魄壮美的古建筑群。

高庙坐北朝南。前院为保安寺，进入山门，耀眼的单檐歇山顶大雄宝殿正面屹立;两侧厢房、地藏宫、三霄宫和3座配殿各具特色。保安寺后就是高庙主体建筑。沿24级青砖铺砌的台阶而上，高庙砖雕牌坊耸立眼前。牌坊立的一幅对联十分有趣。上联是：儒释道之度我度他皆从这里;下联是：天地人之自造自化尽在此间;横批是：无上法桥。过南天门，达中楼。

中楼灵巧别致，六角三重檐四面坡顶分三层叠合。途中两侧有东西天池和砖砌天池，分别有飞桥同南天门相连，浑然一体。中楼上层塑的太白金星像，肃穆尊严;中层塑的观音像，宁静慈善;下层绘的二十八宿，各展风采。最后，是分上中下三层而设的五岳玉皇、圣母宝殿。下层正面是五岳庙，东有三宫殿，西有祖师殿;中层正中塑有玉皇像，后楼为大成殿，祀孔子;上层正面为瑶池宫，东西两侧为三教宫。三殿底层东西两侧的文武楼别是一番景色：文楼塑文昌，身骑四不象怪兽;武楼塑关公，骑赤兔追风马。文武楼下层的龙王宫，塑四海龙王，神态各异，功力超群，令人敬慕。砖牌坊下面的地狱宫，绘满了各种怪像，或青面红发，或锯齿獠牙，或面目狰狞，或神态从容……整个绘画想象丰富，结构严谨，色彩鲜艳，笔法细腻，显示了民间艺人不同凡响的高超技艺。

十分可惜，高庙1700多个彩塑造像和大量彩画在动荡年代，遭到了破坏，如今，虽补塑了不少彩像，但远不及矣!

高庙的主要建筑都位于一条中轴线上。层层相因，逐步增高;辅助建筑位于两侧，均衡对称。在仅

20xx余平方米的高台上，建筑了近百间九脊歇山、四角攒尖、十字歇山、将军盔顶等各种类型、不同风格的殿宇。整个建筑群重楼叠阁，亭廊相连，飞檐相啄，回环曲折，紧凑而富于变化，真是宁夏古建筑中的杰作。

dear tourists

the beautiful and rich yinchuan is the first oasis developed in hetao areaof the yellow river. in the han dynasty, the measures of dredging canals andcultivating farmland were carried out here, and water conservancy projects suchas hanyanqu were built. in the tang dynasty, yinchuan had the reputation of"south of the yangtze river". since the ming and qing dynasties, the folk sayingof "the yellow river enriches ningxia" has spread all over jiuzhou. the ancientdangxiang people have created a dazzling xixia culture here, and the industrioushui people are constantly striving for self-improvement, showing colorful folkcustoms. yinchuan is an important city in the northwest border of china, thecapital of ningxia hui autonomous region, and one of the famous historical andcultural cities in china. it has a long and splendid history, profound culturalheritage, endless stories and endless beautiful scenery. today, lets go intoyinchuan and feel the magic charm of this ancient frontier fortress city!

tourists, yinchuan city is located in the hetao plain formed by thealluvial of the yellow river, facing the yellow river in the east, with flat andopen terrain; the helan mountain in the west, adjacent to the mountains of alxaleft banner in inner mongolia; the qingtongxia gorge in the south; and pingluocounty in the north. the total area of the city is 3499 square kilometers, andthe urban area is 1277 square kilometers. it has jurisdiction over threecounty-level districts of urban area, new urban area and suburb, and twocounties of yongning and helan. according to statistics, by the end of 20__, thecitys total population was about 1039100. yinchuan is a multi-ethnic area,inhabiting 25 ethnic groups, such as hui, han, manchu, mongolian and korean. itis also a city where the hui population is concentrated, with about 223100 huipeople.

it is said that a long time ago, seven sisters of phoenix lived in thesouth of the yangtze river, bringing happiness to people. among them, theyoungest seven sisters came to ningxia, where the land is thin and the peopleare poor, and opened a canal to divert water, bringing the scenery of the southof the yangtze river. later, in order to prevent the invasion of alien tribes,fenghuang qimei became a city to protect the people in ningxia, which was lateryinchuan. now, "phoenix city" has become the reputation of yinchuan.

yinchuan is flat and open. the terrain trend is gradually inclined fromsouthwest to northeast. "helan is the screen, the yellow river is around, thefertile fields are thousands of miles, and the lakes are inlaid" is the featureof yinchuan landform pattern. yinchuan terrain is divided into mountain andplain. in the west is helan mountain, which forms a trapezoidal shape andgradually decreases from the south of quanqigou, with an altitude of 20__-2500meters. the main peak, aobaogeda, is 3556 meters. it is a natural barrier toprevent the cold air and sandstorm from driving into the northwest. in the eastis the yellow river alluvial plain. the yellow river flows from 16 kilometerseast of yinchuan city to 30 degrees south of the city to shizuishan, with atransit length of 78.4 kilometers and a water surface of 124700 mu, forming avast and boundless alluvial plain of the yellow river, in which there arehundreds of fertile fields, ditches, lush vegetation, scattered with hundreds oflakes and marshes, including the famous "72 lian lake". since ancient times, ithas been the main agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheryproduction area.

yinchuan is located in the middle temperate arid climate zone, whichbelongs to the middle temperate continental climate. the main features are: lessrain and snow, strong evaporation, sufficient sunshine, moderate heat, strongwind and sand; cold in winter, hot in summer, short and changeable in an is located in the northwest inland, far from the sea, coupled with adry climate, less rainfall and long sunshine, so most of the year is ing to statistics, the annual sunshine time is 17.5 hours more than thatof "sunshine city" lhasa.

the temperature difference between day and night in yinchuan is very large,with an average daily temperature difference of 13.1-14.4 degrees in the wholeyear. this continental climate, coupled with the unique natural conditions, isvery suitable for the growth of all kinds of crops. it is easy to store thesugar content of melons and fruits, and the sugar content of melons and fruitsis 15% - 20% higher than that of central plains. according to the records ofshuijingzhu written by li daoyuan, a famous geographer in the northern weidynasty, yinchuan plain was called "guocheng" as early as 1500 years ago. it isrich in peach, plum, apricot, jujube, apple, grape and watermelon. the fruit isbig, sweet, tender and colorful. yinchuan has been planting rice for more than2100 years. after careful cultivation and improvement by the working people,yinchuans rice has become a famous variety in china. the main food crops arewheat, buckwheat, white pea and so on. vegetables are ningxia cabbage, pepper,tomato, scallion. in addition, fern, seabuckthorn and honey are alsowell-known.

there are many soil types and diverse vegetation in yinchuan area. theforest covers an area of one million mu, half of which are plantations,including timber forest, shelter forest and fruit forest. with the developmentof afforestation and other greening projects, the forest area and greening areaare increasing year by year. in 1988, the state council approved helan mountainas a national forest nature reserve with wildlife types. there are 183000 mu ofnatural secondary forest and 177 species of wildlife on the mountain, including16 species of rare animals under state protection.

yinchuan is located in the north of the depression belt in the westernmargin of ordos, with rich mineral resources. the mineral products stored in thehelanshan section of yinchuan are mainly coal, hematite, limestone, dolomite,apatite, quartz sandstone, diabase, ceramic clay, etc., which provide favorableconditions for the development of metallurgy, chemical industry, buildingmaterials and other industries in yinchuan, especially the high storage ofphosphate rock.

yinchuan has a long history. as early as 20__ years ago in the period ofemperor wu of han dynasty, it was the habitat of xiongnu, xianbei and othernomadic peoples. with the development of the yellow river irrigation area, somecastles have sprung up in yinchuan plain. at that time, the castles, which werecalled yinhan city, were the predecessor of yinchuan city. yinchuan county wasestablished in the northern and southern dynasties in the three years of jiande(574), which was called huaiyuan county. in 1020 ad, li deming, the leader ofdangxiang nationality, moved here and changed to xingzhou. in 1038, the capitalof xixia was established here, which lasted 189 years. after the change ofdynasties, it was renamed zhongxingfu, ningxia, ningxia fu and ningxia city. itwas not until 1945 that yinchuan city was established.

the term "yinchuan" comes from the description of this section of theyellow river and its coastal plain irrigation area as "yinchuan" in the lateming dynasty. this famous cultural city with a long history of more than 1000years is characterized by xixia culture. xixia mausoleum scenic spot is anational key scenic spot. helan mountain nature reserve is a national key naturereserve. xixia mausoleum, baisikou twin pagoda and haibao pagoda are the keycultural relics protection units in china. yinchuan is one of the mostattractive cities in western china because of its attractive water scenery,peculiar scenery of saishang and colorful hui customs.

tourists, yinchuan city is divided into three parts: the old city, the newcity and the new city. the old city was formerly ningxia fucheng in the qingdynasty, about 15 kilometers east of the yellow river. both the regionalgovernment and the municipal peoples government are located here. it is also acommercial district. the new city is located in the east of the railway station,7.5 kilometers away from the old city in the east. it was developed on the basisof the new manchu city where qianlong lived in the qing dynasty. after 1958, anew urban area was built on the vast desert grassland to the west of baotoulanzhou railway. once upon a time, in yinchuan city, except for the drum tower,yuhuangge, nanmenlou and other ancient buildings, most of them were low yellowmud adobe houses. nowadays, the ancient and new appearance of yinchuan citycomplement each other. around those ancient buildings, there are many modernbuildings. at night, the lights are bright, the neon lights are flashing, andthe broad streets are full of light. when you enter yinchuan, you can enjoy thebeauty of ningxias unique tradition and the present. this ancient frontierfortress city is welcoming guests from all over the world with a newattitude.

in the north of zhongwei city in the ancient city, the grand ancientbuilding gaomiao, which is built on the high platform connecting the city walls,is particularly attractive. gaomiao, built in yongle period of ming dynasty, iscalled "new temple".

in the autumn of the 48th year of the reign of emperor kangxi of the qingdynasty (1710 a.d.), it was rebuilt due to the collapse of the earthquake. afterthat, it was rebuilt in the second year of daoguang, the third year of xianfengand the eighth year of guangxu, and was renamed "yuhuangge". in the early yearsof the republic of china, it was renamed "gaomiao", with a construction area of2510 square meters. it is a complete and magnificent ancient buildingcomplex.

the high temple faces south. the front courtyard is baoan temple. enteringthe mountain gate, the dazzling single eaves xieshan main hall stands on thefront; the wing rooms on both sides, dizang palace, sanxiao palace and threeauxiliary halls have their own characteristics. after baoan temple is the mainbuilding of gaomiao. along the 24 steps paved with green bricks, the brickarchway of gaomiao stands in front of us. a couplet in the memorial archway isvery interesting. the first couplet is: confucianism, buddhism and taoism areall from here; the second couplet is: the self creation and self transformationof heaven, earth and man are all here; the horizontal inscription is: thesupreme bridge of dharma. go through the south gate and reach the middletower.

the middle building is ingenious and unique, with triple eaves and threelayers of slopes. on both sides of the way, there are east and west tianchi andbrick tianchi, with flying bridges connecting with the south tianmenrespectively. the statue of taibai venus on the upper floor of the middlebuilding is solemn and dignified; the statue of guanyin on the middle floor ispeaceful and charitable; and the painting of the twenty-eight nights on thelower floor is elegant. finally, it is divided into upper, middle and lowerlevels of the jade emperor of the five mountains and the virgin mary hall. onthe front of the lower level is the wuyue temple, with three palaces in the eastand the ancestral hall in the west; on the middle level is the statue of thejade emperor in the middle, with dacheng hall in the back to worship confucius;on the front of the upper level is the yaochi palace, with three religiouspalaces on both sides. the wenwu building on the east and west sides of thebottom floor of the third hall is a unique scenery: wenlou is modeled aswenchang, and its body is not like a monster; wulou is modeled as guan gong,riding a red rabbit chasing the wind horse. the dragon king palace on the lowerfloor of the wenwu building is made of the dragon king of the four seas. it hasdifferent looks, excellent skills and admiration. the hell palace under thebrick archway is full of various strange images, such as blue face, red hair,serrated tusks, ferocious face, and calm demeanor the whole painting has richimagination, rigorous structure, bright colors and delicate brushwork, whichshows the extraordinary skills of folk artists.

its a pity that more than 1700 painted statues and paintings in gaomiaotemple were destroyed in the turbulent times. today, although many paintedstatues have been made up, they are far from enough!

the main buildings of gaomiao are located on a central axis. the auxiliarybuildings are located on both sides, balanced and symmetrical. in only

on the high platform of more than 20__ square meters, there are nearly 100buildings of different types and styles, such as jiuji xieshan, sijiao zanjian,shizi xieshan, and generals helmet top. the whole building complex is amasterpiece of ancient architecture in ningxia. it is composed of double towers,pavilions and corridors, cornices, twists and turns, compact and full ofchanges.

游客们，银川市地处黄河冲积而成的河套平原上，东临黄河，地势平坦开阔;西靠贺兰山，与内蒙古阿拉善左旗依山为邻;南抵青铜峡;北连平罗县。全市总面积3499平方公里，市区面积1277平方公里。辖城区、新城区、郊区三个县级区和永宁、贺兰两县。据统计，20xx年末全市总人口约103.91万人。银川是个多民族的地区，聚居这回、汉、满、蒙古、朝鲜等25个民族，也是回族人口居住较集中的城市，回族约有22.31万人。

传说很久以前，长江以南住着凤凰七姐妹，给人们带来幸福。其中最小的七妹来到地薄人穷的宁夏，开渠引水，带来了江南风光。后来为了阻止异族部落的入侵，凤凰七妹就变成了一座城，保护宁夏百姓，这就是后来的银川。如今，“凤凰城”已经成为银川的美称。

银川地势平坦开阔。地形走势自西南向东北逐渐倾斜。“贺兰为屏，黄河绕境，沃野千里，湖泊镶嵌”，是银川地貌格局的特征。银川地形分为山地和平原两大部分。西部是贺兰山地，贺兰山成梯形，自泉齐沟以南逐渐降低，海拔20xx—2500米，主峰敖包疙瘩3556米，是阻挡西北寒冷空气和风沙长驱直入的天然屏障。东部为黄河冲积平原。黄河从银川城东16公里城北偏南30度方向流往石嘴山，过境长度为78.4公里，水面12.47万亩，形成广阔无垠的黄河冲积平原，其间沃野百里，沟渠纵横，草木茂盛，散布着数百个大小湖沼，有著名的“七十二连湖”，自古以来，这里就是主要的农林牧渔生产区。

银川位于中温带干旱气候区，属中温带大陆性气候。主要特点是：雨雪稀少，蒸发强烈，日照充足，热量适中，风大沙多;冬寒无奇冷，夏热无酷暑，春季短而多变。银川因为地处西北内陆，远离海洋，加上气候干燥，雨水量少，日照又长，因此一年中大部分时间都是晴天。据统计，年日照时间比“日光城”拉萨还多17.5个小时。

银川昼夜温差很大，全年平均日温差为13.1度—14.4度，这种大陆性气候的特点，加上得天独厚的自然条件，非常适宜各类农作物的生长，易于瓜果糖分的贮存，瓜果含糖量较中原地区高出15%—20%。据北魏著名地理学家郦道元所著《水经注》记载，早在1520xx年前，银川平原就被称为“果城”。这里盛产桃、李、杏、枣、苹果、葡萄和西瓜。水果个大、味甜、肉嫩，且色彩鲜艳。银川种植稻米已有2100多年的历史。经劳动人民的精心培养和改良，银川的水稻已成为全国著名的品种。主要粮食作物有小麦、荞麦、白豌豆等。蔬菜有宁夏大白菜、辣椒、西红柿、大头葱。此外，蕨菜、沙棘、蜂蜜也小有名气。

银川地区土壤类型较多，植被多样。森林面积达百万亩，其中有一半为人工林，包括用材林、防护林和经果林等。随着植树造林等绿化工程的展开，森林面积和绿化面积呈逐年大幅增长的趋势。1988年，国务院批准贺兰山为国家级森林有野生动物类型自然保护区，山上有天然次生林18.3万亩，有野生动物177种，其中属于国家保护的珍稀动物16种。

银川地处鄂尔多斯西缘凹陷带的的北部，矿产资源丰富。在银川境内贺兰山段贮藏的矿产品主要有煤、赤铁、石灰石、白云石、磷灰石、石英砂岩、辉绿岩、陶瓷粘土等，这位银川市发展冶金、化工、建材等工业提供了有利的条件，尤其是磷矿贮藏量较高。

银川历史悠久，早在20xx多年前的汉武帝时期，这里就是匈奴、鲜卑等游牧民族的栖息之地。随着引黄灌区的开发，银川平原兴起了一些城堡，当时被人们称为饮汗城的城堡，就是银川城的前身。银川设立县城的开始是在南北朝时期北周建德三年(574年)，时称怀远郡。公元1020xx年，党项族首领李德明迁居于此，改为兴州。公元1038年，西夏国在此建都，称兴庆府，历时189年。之后历经王朝更迭，又改称为中兴府、宁夏、宁夏府、宁夏城，直到1945年，才设立银川市。

“银川”一词是明末将此段黄河及其沿岸平原灌区形容为“银色河川”而得名的。这座有着1000多年悠久历史的文化名城，其人文景点一西夏文化为主要特色。西夏王陵风景名胜区是国家重点风景名胜区。贺兰山自然保护区为国家重点自然保护区。西夏王陵、拜四口双塔、海宝塔是全国重点文物保护单位。还有诱人的水乡景色、奇特的塞上风光及多彩的回族风情，使银川成为中国西部最具魅力的城市之一。

游客们，银川城区分为老城、新城和新市区三部分，老城前身为清代的宁夏府城，东距黄河约15公里，自治区政府和市人民政府都设在这里，又为商业区。新城位于火车站东侧，东距老城区7.5公里，是在清乾隆时住的新满城基础上发展起来的。1958年以后又在包兰铁路以西的大片荒漠草原上建起新市区。从前银川市内除了鼓楼、玉皇阁、南门楼等几座古建筑外，大都是低矮的黄泥土坯房。如今，银川市古颜新貌相得益彰，围绕着那些古老的建筑，一幢幢现代化的建筑鳞次栉比。入夜，灯火通明，霓虹闪烁，宽阔的街道流光溢彩。走进银川，你可以该受到一种宁夏所特有的传统与现在交相辉映的美丽，这座荣古都风貌、回族风情和现代韵味于一体的边塞古城正以一种崭新的姿态迎接着五湖四海嘉宾的光临。

常言道："美味在民间，好菜在农家。"来到黄沙古渡旅游景区的古渡人家，可以体验农家淳朴清新自然的生活，还可以品尝到农家最自然的菜肴，这是在钢筋水泥都市中的市民最受欢迎的选择。在这里品尝到古渡乡村农家原汁原味的饭菜，如具有浓郁特色的月牙湖手抓羊肉、黄河鲶鱼、黄河鲤鱼、呱呱鸡、特有的土鸡、土鸭、野兔、柴鸡蛋以及各种时令蔬菜外，还有当地沙漠中的各种野菜如：苦苦菜、沙葱、沙棘、沙芥等等。另外，像农家自制的萝卜干、咸菜、泡菜、扁豆凉粉、凉面、野菜粥、薄煎饼、发糕、蒿蒿馍馍、土豆饼、油香馓子以及煮玉米、煮红薯、煮土豆等之类的小吃和面点。经过厨师精心研制，调配出各种口味的有利于人身健康的一系列杂粮面点，价廉而物美，许多在黄沙古渡农家乐吃饭的顾客经常光顾这里，频频来坐。这里的民间饮食文化赋予了古渡人家更高的追求。高档纯木的餐桌椅，独具一格的民俗特色贴画遍布其中，幽雅而又自然淳朴，与世无争，却风景这边独好。

特色菜肴：

月牙湖手抓羊肉：黄沙古渡农家乐的特色月牙湖手抓羊肉以大羊肉为主，其原料均取自月牙湖农家，这里空气无污染，生态环境极佳，也就造就了独具特色的月牙湖羊肉，肥而不腻清爽可口，四季佳品。肉极软烂，味酸、辣、鲜、香。手抓羊肉的鲜美其实并不如我们想象的那样是因为"用手抓"，而是因为当地的羊、当地的水还有当地的烹饪方法。手抓羊肉一种是大羊肉，一种为羊羔肉。把羊肉一起下锅煮，煮熟后每人手持一份，蘸着调料，就着蒜片吃。宁夏有些地方吃手抓肉时，只用蒜片就着吃，不用其他调料。吃完羊肉后不宜马上喝茶,也不宜边吃羊肉边喝茶。

红烧黄河鲶鱼：肉滑鲜嫩，滋补养阴。

红烧黄河鲤鱼：吃红烧黄河鲤鱼小孩吃了聪明,男人吃了健壮,女人吃了养颜。色泽红润，鲜嫩味醇。正所谓"近水楼台先得月，黄河渔家先得鱼"，您能够在黄沙古渡旅游景区亲眼目睹鲜活的黄河鲶鱼、黄河鲤鱼，餐厅使用时，即用即宰，新鲜味美，再经过厨师独到的烹饪技艺，变成一道道味美难挡的佳肴。

住在古渡人家：黄沙古渡农家乐的古渡人家最大亮点是乡土气息浓郁，院中种满了枣树、梨树、杏树等果树，农家里有纯木自然的家具、现代化的冰箱、消毒柜等，里屋有卡拉ok，棋牌麻将等设施;清末时期的八仙桌，墙上有精美的手工剪纸，土炕上摆放着老式条案，坐在炕头上，更会让您觉得暖意融融，住上农家土炕，夏有空调，冬有暖气，休闲度假，远离城市的喧闹，享受一份舒适和惬意，能够体验农家淳朴清新的生活。

客房共有11间，其中大房5间(2间可容纳20人;3间分别可容纳15人)，小房6间，一间可容纳5人，带卫生间收费500元，不带卫生间收费300元。

ningxia hui autonomous region is located in the middle and upper reaches ofthe yellow river in northwest china, between 35 ° 14 - 39 ° 23 n and 104 ° 17- 107 ° 39 e. it is adjacent to shaanxi province in the east, inner mongoliaautonomous region in the west and north, and gansu province in the south, with atotal area of 66400 square kilometers. the terrain is long and narrow from northto south, high in the south and low in the north. from north to south, there arehelan mountain, ningxia plain and liupan mountain. ningxia is 456 km from northto south and 250 km from east to west. ningxia is located in the transition zonebetween the loess plateau and inner mongolia plateau. in terms ofgeomorphological types, the loess landform eroded by flowing water is dominantin the south, and the arid denudation and wind erosion landform is dominant inthe middle and north. there are relatively high mountains and widely distributedhills, alluvial plain formed by fault subsidence and alluvial of the yellowriver, platform and sand dunes. the surface morphology is complex and ing to the statistical data in early 20__, hilly area accounts for 38%,plain area 26.8%, mountain area 15.8%, platform 17.6% and desert 1.8%. theaverage altitude is 1090-20__m. helan mountain is the natural barrier of ningxiaplain. the main peak, aobao geda, is 3556 meters above sea level. the yellowriver passes through 12 cities and counties in the middle and north, with a flowof 397 km.

ningxia is located in the inland, belongs to temperate continentalsemi-arid climate. it straddles the east monsoon region and the northwest aridregion, and the southwest is close to the qinghai tibet alpine region, which isroughly located in the intersection and transition zone of the three naturalregions in china. the annual average temperature is 5 ℃～ 9 ℃, and thetemperature difference between day and night is large. the annual precipitationis generally 200-600 mm. with 3000 hours of sunshine and 170 days of frost freeperiod, it is one of the areas with the most abundant sunshine and solarradiation in china.

ningxia is one of the birthplaces of ancient chinese civilization. the latepaleolithic human activity site and unearthed cultural relics in shuidonggou,lingwu county, ningxia province show that human beings have been living andreproducing here as early as 30000 years ago.

during the spring and autumn period and the warring states period, theworld-famous great wall began to be built in the territory. after the firstemperor of qin unified china, he sent troops to settle down in ningxia and beganthe history of diverting water from the yellow river for irrigation. by the handynasty (206-220 bc), the farming economy here had been quite prosperous. in the14th year of tianbao in the tang dynasty (755), the "an shi rebellion" brokeout. prince li heng entered ningxia and became emperor in lingwu. at that time,ningxia had become one of the important channels of east-west transportation andtrade in china. in the first year of baoyuan (1038) of northern song dynasty, liyuanhao, the leader of dangxiang nationality, established daxia state withningxia as the center, which was called xixia in history, and its capital wasxingqing prefecture (now yinchuan city). after mongolia exterminated xixia,ningxia fu road was set up in the 24th year of the yuan dynasty (1287). ningxiawei was set up in ming dynasty. ningxia government was set up in qing the early years of the republic of china, ningxia government was changed toshuofangdao, and ningxia province was established in 1929. after the founding ofthe peoples republic of china in 1949, ningxia province was abolished in a hui autonomous region was established on october 25, 1958.

ningxia is rich in mineral resources with prominent advantages inagriculture, energy and tourism. there are 1.288 million hectares of cultivatedland in the region. among them, more than 333000 hectares are irrigated. thereare more than 660000 hectares of wasteland suitable for agriculture to bedeveloped, including 133000 hectares of wasteland for aquaculture, 56000hectares of wastewater and 3 million hectares of grassland. more than 50 kindsof mineral resources have been discovered, and the per capita potential value ofnatural resources is 163.5% of the national average value, ranking fifth in thecountry. in particular, non-metallic mineral resources are rich, mainly coal,gypsum, oil, natural gas and so on. gypsum reserves rank first in china. nearlyone third of the land in the region is rich in coal resources, with provenreserves of more than 30 billion tons, ranking fifth in the country. the provenreserves of lingwu coalfield alone reach more than 27 billion tons, equivalentto the total proven reserves in northeast china. among the top ten coal types inchina, there are nine in ningxia. taixi coal, the world famous high qualityanthracite, has an annual export volume of 1 million tons. the shaanxi gansuningxia basin natural gas field across ningxia has proved reserves of more than200 billion cubic meters. it is a world-class large gas field.

the autonomous region has five prefecture level cities of yinchuan,shizuishan, wuzhong, guyuan and zhongwei, six municipal districts of xingqing,jinfeng, xixia, dawukou, huinong and yuanzhou, two county-level cities of lingwuand qingtongxia, 11 counties of yongning, helan, pingluo, tongxin, yanchi,zhongning, haiyuan, jingyuan, xiji, longde and pengyang, and hongsibaodevelopment zone (county-level immigration development zone), with yinchuan asits capital.

ningxia has 35 ethnic groups, including hui and han, with a totalpopulation of 6.0373 million at the end of 20__, including 3.7742 million hanand 2.0649 million hui. ningxia is the largest hui inhabited area in china. huipeople believe in islam.

the hui nationality in china was formed in the yuan dynasty. the origin ofthe hui nationality can be traced back to the middle of the seventh century,when arab and persian merchants came to china to do business and stay. in theyuan dynasty, a large number of central asian, persian and arab came to to intermarriage and socio-economic relations, they formed hui nationalityin the process of long-term relationship with han, uygur, mongolian and othernationalities. as early as the song dynasty, there were persians who believed inislam and settled down in ningxia. in the yuan dynasty, a large number of arabmuslims from central asia, together with the mongols, moved to ningxia tocultivate and defend the frontier. at the end of yuan dynasty and the beginningof ming dynasty, the hui nationality gradually formed, and ningxia huinationality entered a relatively stable development period.

hui peoples living in ningxia can be traced back to the end of tangdynasty. in the northern song dynasty and xixia period, most of the muslims fromthe east came to the central plains from yumen and jiuquan via xixia. by theyuan dynasty, a large number of arabs, persians and central asians wererecruited or migrated to live in the form of semi military and semi nomadic. inthe early ming dynasty, a large number of hui people were placed in lingzhou(now lingwu city) and guyuan counties as "attached to tuda". in addition, thehui people who constantly migrated to ningxia for development and reclamationformed many hui settlements. during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qingdynasty, the population of hui nationality in ningxia increased the tongzhi period (1862-1874), the anti qing uprising of the northwesthui people was brutally suppressed, and the volunteers and their families weremoved to remote areas. some of them migrated to lingzhou, huaping (now jingyuancounty of ningxia), longde, haiyuan and other counties.

as the main ethnic group in ningxia hui people believe in islam. in ningxiahui inhabited areas, there are more than 3000 mosques with differentarchitectural forms and scales, and about 4000 imams. the muslim people of huinationality generally believe in five "lessons", namely: recitation, ceremony,fasting, lesson and pilgrimage. there are three traditional festivals of the huipeople: eid al fitr, guerbang (also known as eid al adha) and shengji autonomous region, cities and counties have established religious socialorganizations at all levels, namely islamic associations, to manage their ownreligious life. the autonomous region has set up ningxia islamic school inyinchuan city and tongxin arabic school in tongxin county, helping the muslimpeople to cultivate a large number of talents with religious knowledge. inaddition to islam, there are mass beliefs, buddhism, catholicism, christianityand taoism in ningxia. the peoples government of the autonomous region treatsall kinds of religions equally, protects the normal religious activities of themasses, and all kinds of religious people live in harmony for a long time inningxia.

ningxia hui people have formed unique customs in clothing, diet, dailyhygiene, marriage, funeral and so on. hui men like to wear small white caps andblack waistcoats. hui women also like to wear headsets, gold and silverearrings, rings and bracelets. hui people pay special attention to hygiene,clean and tidy indoor and outdoor, clean stove. usually wash hands and face withsoup bottle, bath with hanging pot.

hui people like to eat the meat of cattle, sheep, camels and otherruminants, but also eat chicken, duck, goose and fish. they dont eat pork,animal blood and dead livestock. animals eaten by devout believers must beslaughtered by imams. hui people generally dont smoke or drink. men, women andchildren all like to drink "babao" cup tea with nutritional condiments such asrock sugar, tea, medlar, walnut kernel, sesame, longan, jujube and preservedfruit. during the festive festival, the hui people mostly make fried food suchas fragrant oil, sanzi and yaguo. when there are distinguished guests, they willbe warmly received by the rich "quanyang banquet" and various hui snacks. inmarriage, monogamy is practiced. the wedding ceremony of hui nationality is verygrand and has many religious and ethnic characteristics. for example, when awedding is held, the imam should be asked to read "nikaha", that is, to testifyand congratulate with arabic scriptures. the funeral of the hui nationality issimple and easy, with the practice of earth burial and thin burial. the funeralincludes four procedures: cleaning the burial body, wrapping the body with whitecloth, holding religious prayer ceremony under the direction of imam, andentering the burial.

mosque, also known as the mosque. arabic is "mesgid", which means the placeto kowtow. it is not only a place for islamic believers to worship, but also acenter of culture and education and a center of social activities in someplaces. the establishment of mosques in ningxia started from yuan dynasty, andthe number and scale of mosques have developed considerably in ming and qingdynasties. gongbei is the mausoleum of an outstanding figure in a certain regionof islam. daotang is a place where religious leaders of a certain branch ofislam worship, chant scriptures, give lectures and live. islamic architecture inningxia reflects the process of combining islamic culture with chinesetraditional culture, and has distinctive local cultural characteristics andnational personality.

hello, distinguished guests

you have traveled thousands of miles to our beautiful south of the greatwall. i dont know how much you really know about ningxia. it doesnt matter ifyou dont know. here is a brief introduction

ningxia hui autonomous region is located in the middle and upper reaches ofthe yellow river, referred to as "ning". it is adjacent to shaanxi in the east,inner mongolia in the north, and gansu in the south. with a land area of 66400square kilometers, ningxia hui autonomous region is the only provincial huiautonomous region in china. it was founded on october 25, 1958 and is known asthe "hometown of muslims". it has a population of more than 6 million. the huipopulation accounts for one third of the total population of the region leye: asearly as 30000 years ago, there were human reproduction, the ancient yellowriver civilization, the mysterious xixia history, the beautiful pearl on thewall, the majestic desert scenery, which was gradually understood by the worldafter the development of the western region

"the yellow river enriches ningxia" the yellow river has a total length of5464 km and flows through ningxia for 397 km. the yellow river flows intoningxia from heishan gorge of gansu province with gentle flow and wide watersurface. it has created a rich yellow river hetao irrigation area for history of diverting yellow river irrigation in ningxia has been more than20__ years. emperors of all dynasties are more concerned about water conservancyprojects a large amount of sediment and trace elements, together with ningxiasunique geographical environment and climate conditions, ningxias agriculturaland sideline products are also at the top, and it is also an important grainproduction base in the country

chinas mountains are basically east-west, and there are two north-southmountains in ningxia. they are the famous helan mountain and liupan mountain is located at the junction of ningxia and inner mongolia. it is50-250 km long from east to west and 456 km long from north to south. helanmeans "horse" in mongolian. the great temperature difference in ningxiasclimate sooner or later is due to helan mountain helan stone, one of the fivetreasures of ningxia, is a famous mountain in the south of ningxia liupanshan isthe last mountain that the red army crossed in the long march. because theancient road of liupanshan can reach the top of the mountain only throughliupanshan, its named liupanshan. the great leader, grandfather mao, left hiseternal words here. qingpingle, liupanshan is known as the "oil basin" in thesouth. now its the national tourism poverty alleviation experimental shan is under development and construction, but its beautiful scenery isstill unknown its fascinating. these two mountains are like two brave soldiers,guarding the north and south gates of ningxia

because of the dense population and living habits of the hui people inningxia, the hui population accounts for 1 / 3 of the total population inningxia and 2 / 5 of the total population in china. the splendid hui culture andcustoms are the most attractive signs. mosques of all sizes appear in everycorner of ningxia. muslim hospitality in hui costumes comes from afar the uniquecustoms will make you forget to return. the xixia mausoleum at the foot of helanmountain is telling the rise and fall of the past. as early as 1038-1227, khanli yuanhao of dangxiang nationality established the daxia regime in e it is located in the west of the yellow river and in the northwest ofchina, it is known as the "great xia regime" xixia has existed on the stage ofhistory for 189 years. however, many people dont know the history of if there are records in some historical books, there are only a few ofthem. only xixia history is missing in 24 history, and xixia characters arecalled "unique learning" by historians. few people in the world know xixiacharacters, which was once a glorious xixia in history xia, because of whathappened, quietly withdrew from the worlds attention. lets go to the xixiamausoleum and jointly decipher the mysterious country

because ningxia is located in the northwest and surrounded by threedeserts, the sandstorm in ningxia is also a precious tourism resource. the firstbatch of 5a eco-tourism scenic spots in shizuishan city, shahu, as the namesuggests, have different scenery, shahu, as the name suggests, there are sandand lake, jinsha embraces cuihu, and cuihu surrounds jinsha. the two differentstyles of scenery merge with each other, plus secretary jiangs inscription,shahu shapotou, one of the worlds top 500 environmental protection units, isfamous for attracting tourists from home and abroad and creating considerableeconomic benefits for ningxia. it has its own scenery, such as sand mountains,green lakes, birds, fish, reeds and so on. however, it can not escape the praiseof tourists. shapotou, a world-class 5a environmental protection unit, has alsocast her enchanting and tender feelings on this hot land shapotou is located atthe edge of the tengger desert. the "wheat straw checkerboard sand barrier" hasblocked 43000 square kilometers of the tengger desert. it has made chinas firstdesert railway pass through here. with the development and construction ofshapotou, it is also known as "the top ten most interesting places in thecountry". go to see the endless sand sea, ride a desert boat, listen to thejingle of camel bells, and look forward to the yellow river the sexy curve, themood at this time, you can only experience it when you are on the scene, a pieceof sand accompanied by a lake, a piece of sand and a river, maybe, such a placein the south of the yangtze river is the place you have been pursuing many timesin your dream!

在前往六盘山的路上，导游开始介绍“六盘山”的由来;六盘山已前被称为“鹿盘山”。从前有一位老和尚，住在山脚下，有一日，他出门打水，见了一 只很有灵性的鹿，他很好奇，于是便跟了上去，走着走着，忽然鹿不见了，这时，他才回过神来发现，他来到一个山顶，于是就有了“鹿盘山”。而“鹿”与“六”是斜音，于是，就成了“六盘山”。

不一会儿，人们就来到山脚下，我抬头仰望，漫山遍野的树，把火辣辣的太阳光挡了个严严实实，走在山路上，空气中夹杂着草树花的清香，侧耳倾听，还有潺潺流水声。“山无水则无灵气”，这水点缀山的不只是这清澈的泉水，更是那水边的荷叶，虽然叶茎只有二三厘米宽，但那叶径可有四五分米呢!这简直是个十足的氧吧啊!

虽然这里风景优美，可一点爬山的感觉也没有，我没想到我今天还有探险的机会!

在“凉殿峡”导游说可以自游活动了，可只有40分钟。于是我、爸爸和四位叔叔阿姨一起踏上一条小土路，我们走了走，发现前方好似没路了，正准备回去时，却听到爸爸大叫“路在这儿”。这路只有一人宽，我们走进去。腐烂的枝条和倒下的大树向我们倾诉这儿的历史，我们时而弯腰，时而抬头，走了大约十分钟，宋叔叔发现有条小河，那的荷叶，我坐上去也没问题，可我们只给留几张照片，就匆匆离去了。

六盘山下看云，或如堆雪，或如蛟龙缠斗，或如矩阵铺天而来，或如钱塘观海潮，或如喜马拉雅山上之鹰，或如喀喇昆仑之冰川闪耀，或如天山雪莲世所罕见，或如两军对垒阵势森严……

云之形状万千，瞬间变化，吞吐八荒；云之气势纵横，动若脱兔，静如处子；云之格局宏阔，浩大奔腾，如大块文章；云之纯洁透彻，澄澈如练，如圣哲大贤，伟哉悠哉！

多年奔波，青藏高原之云失之浑厚，黄土高原之云失之灵秀，河西走廊之云失之壮观，京津之云失之野蛮，沪浙之云失之缥缈。

嗟夫，或言非洲多旱云，欧洲多冷漠之云，北美多傲慢之云，南美之云多属魔幻，澳洲之云略感奔放，世上观云，于斯为胜。

斯所何处，曰六盘山下，关山万里，西出长安，丝绸古道，秦王祭天，汉武巡边，成吉思汗扎营，毛泽爷爷北上，世间英雄多所瞩目处也！

今日悠哉，世人皆趋繁华，官贾之徒慕奢靡，独于此野山巨云，无人问津。譬如老庄尼采，天马行空，翩若惊鸿，岂是世俗所观乎？

云在云故乡，大云乎！大云乎！以是千古，何憾哉！

首先映入眼帘的是壮观的瀑布。只见瀑布从高高的石壁上落下来，由于落差很大，水流拍打在石头上发出巨大的响声。看到这一景象，我不禁想起著名诗人李白的诗句“飞流直下三千尺，疑是银河落九天。”游客也和我们一样，看到这一景象，都情不自禁地停住了脚步，站在瀑布下拍照留下了这美好的瞬间。

欣赏完瀑布，我们又来到清澈见底的小溪边。听导游姐姐说：“小溪一年四季各不相同。春天，淙淙的溪水从山脚下流过，岸边的小草偷偷地探出头。夏天，哗哗的溪水唱着欢快的歌流向大山的深处。秋天，树叶脱离妈妈的怀抱从树梢跳着优美的舞蹈飘落在小溪里，和鱼儿玩起了捉迷藏。冬天，小溪上结了冰，雪花给树穿上了银装。”现在正是夏天，聆听着“哗哗”的溪水流向大山深处的美妙声音，我也不由得哼起了欢快的歌儿。

最后我们来到连绵起伏的六盘山脚下。我们沿着弯弯曲曲的小道到达山顶，站在山顶上眺望，六盘山的美景尽收眼底。此时看到山底的景色天差万别，让我想起了“横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同。”的诗句来。站在山顶上抬头仰望，我发现天上的雾和云在嬉戏，一会儿变成机灵的小狗，一会儿变成展翅的老鹰，一会儿变成威武的狮子……多种多样，神秘莫测。

小溪、大山、瀑布构成了一幅六盘山风景图，你是不是也想去欣赏这幅画卷呢？快快启程吧！

天高云淡，望断南飞雁，不到长城非好汉，曲止行程二万，六盘山上高峰，红旗漫卷西风，今日长缨何在手，何时缚住苍龙。这是二万五千里长征即将胜利，看到了中国革命重整旗鼓，东山再起的曙光，毛爷爷在气势磅礴的六盘山上写下了这荡气回肠的诗篇。

就在8月日那天我踏上了前往六盘山车，前往红军到过的六盘山

这是我们英语补习班组织的夏令营活动，我们去了37个学生，加上大人共47人，还有两个外教，他们来自巴基斯坦，他们俩很好相处，非常友善。在旅游的时候，一边玩，一边学英语，真好

我们在六盘山的路上，我们有说有笑，还组织了活动，猜谜语，唱歌，跳舞，玩游戏非常开心。玩累了就睡觉。就这样我们在车山度过了5个小时的旅途。

我们的第一站是农家乐的小餐管，我们吃的是米饭加窝头，还有一道拌黄瓜。真难吃。老师说;“这样才能忆苦思甜，知道家里的饭多好吃。吃完之后，我们就向旅游的第一站——国家森林公园出发。

我们来到了森林公园的大门口，坐上上山的车，那司机的技术太高了，25度的坡，加上100多度的弯，他一拐就上去了，太厉害了。

沙湖是鸟的天堂。景区栖息鸟类11目24科98种。其中有国家一级保护鸟类：大鸨、中华秋沙鸭、白尾海雕、黑鹳。国家二级保护鸟类有鸊鷉、鹈鹕、大天鹅、白额雁、鸳鸯、灰鹤、苍鹭等14种。

沙湖芦苇皮薄、节长、韧性好，经过精心设计，就能创作出造型别致、品位高雅的艺术精品。苇编画制作工艺复杂，首先要截取苇尖，然后解开苇子，去节、去皮、刨瓤、浸泡、压平，再根据事先画好的图样在苇片上绘图、写字、雕刻，最后用电熨斗根据需要烙出深浅不一的颜色。烙制雕刻时，得充分利用苇子纤维的走向，使花纹清晰，形象逼真，在一些反映沙湖风景苇画作品中，意境优美、含义无穷，惟妙惟肖，精美绝伦。

糖醋黄河鲤鱼此菜色泽明亮，造型优美，外焦里嫩，是“塞上江南”的美味佳品。其制法是：先将黄河鲤鱼去鳞，剖腹，去内脏，洗净;然后在鱼背上切成斜形刀纹，再裹黄糊，下油锅炸至金黄色，捞起装盘，浇以事先烹制的糖醋调汁即成。

百鸟乐园在97年4月27日正式向游人开放，投资300多万元，面积1090平米，当然，在这里主要以候鸟为主，每年4—6月是鸟的孵化期，7—8月是鸟的繁衍期，这期间鸟类最多，高达百万，这座观鸟台可容纳数百人，上面配备国内最先进的高倍望远镜，为观鸟提供一流环境，一流设施，一流服务。