北京故宫作文导游词(实用20篇)

各位朋友：

大家好！我是小吴，今天由我来带领大家游览沈阳故宫。沈阳故宫始建于后金天命十年（1625年），建成于清崇德元年（1636年），是清太祖努尔哈赤和清太宗皇太极营造和使用过的宫殿。清世祖福临也曾在这里继位，改元“顺治”、并于当年入关，统治全中国。沈阳故宫占地6万多平方米，全部建筑计300多间，共组成20多个院落。按其布局，可分为东路、中路和西路三大部分。我们计划游用三个小时的时间去游览，现在我们已将到了，大家下车，先听我说几句。

首先，我告诉大家，注意的事项。第一，大家要紧跟我身后，不要走丢了。第二，要在规定的时间内集合，如果找不到了，请拨打我的手机。第三，不要乱扔东西，讲卫生。第四，保持安静，不要大喊大叫。好了，出发了。

沈阳故宫是中国现存仅次于北京故宫的最完整的皇宫建筑。在建筑艺术上承袭了中国古代建筑的传统，集汉、满、蒙族艺术为一体，具有很高的历史和艺术价值。大家看，这座占地六万平方米的古建筑群始建于625年，建成于1636年，全部建筑90余所，300余间。清朝进关后对盛京皇宫又进行了保护和扩建，到乾隆时基本形成今日规模。大家看，沈阳故宫那金龙蟠柱的太政殿、崇政殿，排如雁行的十王亭、万宇炕口袋房的清宁宫，古朴典雅的文朔阁，以及凤凰楼等高台建筑。在中国宫殿建筑史上，绝无仅有；那机富满族情调的“宫高殿低”的建筑风格，更是“别无分号”。

沈阳老城内的大街号“井”字形，故宫就设在“井”字形大街的中心，占地6万平方米，现有古建筑114座。主要建筑有大政殿，十王亭、大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼、清宁宫、文溯阁等。大政殿是用来举行诸如颁布诏书、军队出征、迎接将士凯旋和皇帝即位等大典的地方。十王亭则是左右翼王和八旗大臣办事的地方。这种君臣合署办事于宫廷的现象，体现了创业初期君臣平等的历史，也是从打天下到坐天下的君臣平等的延续。到了入关后，从北京故宫开始，这种平等被逐渐打破，最终形成了高高在上的君王。中间高耸的建筑是沈阳故宫里唯一的烟囱。故宫里每一个房间的炕火都从地下的通道汇聚到这个烟囱里，这是他们一统天下的思想的象征。这个烟囱共有11级，最上面一级只有三块砖构成。导游说，这个一统天下的烟囱反而成了清朝的谶语：清朝共有11位皇帝，最后的宣统帝只做了三年江山，就是那三块砖的预示。想当年努尔哈赤在修建这个一统天下烟囱的时候，如果早知如此，肯定会加多几层吧？

下面，请大家自由参观。三个小时后在这里准时集合。

历史的兴亡荣辱，都似永恒的文字，若影若现地在不起眼的地方如古尸的指甲，依然锋利，向我们透露着真情。而故宫，元、明、清三代帝王的皇宫，雕刻着最真实的历史。

走近宏伟博大的故宫，就是盲人也能感受到它的气魄。站在天安门城楼上往下眺望，数不清这红墙黄瓦的房子，再配上那湛蓝色的天空，让人不禁飘飘然起来。思绪如柳絮般飞向过去，飞向那太平的时代和那战火纷飞的时代，想象那盛景。进入故宫了，不禁被其势所迷，倒入其中，唯有张大嘴。那一道道门槛和一座座宫殿，使我们目不暇接，留连忘返。屋顶上兼有精美的壁画，虽有的设计成休息的场所，但均是古色古香的大门、厅殿。多数宫殿门口围着栏杆，有里三层外三层的游客争着拍照，我费之九牛二虎之力，才“三生有幸”看上一眼。那以前，可都是皇帝才用的啊!

但转念一想，却为皇帝感到悲哀起来：这么硕大的皇宫，皇帝一生能出去几次呀!走到哪儿都是红墙黄瓦，精美壁画，古色古香的门厅，那专用的桌椅床…纵是神仙，也会厌倦的呀!而皇帝一生，就只能呆在这儿“坐牢”，这也是多痛苦的事呀!

那皇宫的雕梁画栋，红墙黄瓦，都是历史的见证，是那个帝王时代的见证，是三个朝代的见证!

北京故宫导游词

各位来宾朋友：大家好!欢迎大家来到北京的故宫，我是你们的导游莹莹，今天就由我带领大家一起游北京故宫。

我先介绍一下故宫的概况。

故宫建于北京的中央，以南北为中轴线，座北朝南，充分体现了皇权至上的封建统治思想。故宫城外是皇城，皇城外又有北京城，真是城城包围!

历史上，故宫因火灾或者其它原因，曾多次的重建，但基本格局没有改变，主要分为外朝和内廷两部分。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，文华、武英两殿为两翼，是皇帝上朝接受朝贺、接见群臣和举行大型典礼的地方。内廷有乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫、御花园及两侧分列的东西六宫，是封建皇帝进行日常活动和后妃皇子居住游玩及奉神的地方。

广场南面的保和殿是外朝三在殿的最后一座，规格等级仅次于太和殿，面阔9间，进深5间，重檐歇山顶，翼角置走兽9个，内外檐均施金龙和玺彩画，菱花梧扇，生落在高大的汉白玉“三台”之上。

我的讲解到此为止了，祝大家游玩愉快!

各位女士们、先生们，小朋友们：

大家好！欢迎大家光临故宫。很高兴今天能为大家服务。我是导游李栋，大家叫我小李就行了。故宫是中国最大的皇家园林博物馆，我很高兴能有机会陪各位欣赏它美丽的建筑艺术，共度这段美好的时光。

故宫博物院，又名紫禁城，位于北京市中心，今天人们称它为故宫。它玲珑剔透，造型别致，是中国古建筑中的杰作。

游客们，现在我们来到了太和殿。太和殿为故宫三大殿之首，建在5米高的汉白玉台基上，台基四周矗立着雕龙石柱。走近太和殿，您就会发现皇后居住的地方，里面都是龙椅、龙椅还有沥粉金漆的龙柱。

游客们，我们继续往前走，现在来到的是中和殿，中和殿在太和殿之后，是故宫三大殿之一。该殿是一座单攒尖顶的方形殿。黄琉璃瓦四角攒尖顶，是皇上生活的地方。

再往里走就是保和殿，保和殿位于中和殿之后，是故宫三大殿之尾。保和殿东西两侧的房子现该为历代艺术陈列馆，陈列有从原始社会到清代月六千年的中华艺术瑰宝。

再向纵深行进就是御花园，占地面积一万一千平方米，以钦安殿为中心，是皇上的后花园。

各位游客，我们今天的游览就要结束了。非常高兴能和大家度过这段美好的时光。对我今天的导游有什么建议或要求，请提出宝贵意见，我一定尽力改正。祝大家玩的愉快。谢谢！

Chinese food is divided into four big cuisines sichuan, guangdong, shandong, jiangsu, and dozens of branch of major cuisine, there are thousands of different flavors, each branch work different famous manufacturer, food culture is means all the world, impressive.

Beijing capital, brought together the national cuisine, is to eat what you crave. Not only that, in recent years in Beijing's western cuisine also in Kyoto, French food, Russian western food, Italian food, American fast food, has become Beijing on-off taste delicious. Since long, however, came to Beijing, you have to taste the first genuine Beijing cuisine. Kyoto today, it is the delicacy of the foreign administrative, even all over the country, people can enjoy almost any kind of cuisines of China all over the world the best flavor, so, for the guests to Beijing today, seize the opportunity, and are indeed very lucky.

Beijing roast duck is regarded as "world a delicious", also is the representative work of Beijing flavor. One of the best places to eat roast duck, when Beijing front door, the peace arch, wangfujing quanjude roast duck restaurant. The shop was founded 130 years ago, if from the ancestor of roast duck restaurant Yang Renquan operating ducks, that is going to push for 30 years. Palace cuisine is one of the pillars of the Beijing cuisine, reflect the historical characteristics of Beijing 800 for all, a real blue blood. Today, imperial dishes into folk already, although strictly keeping his aristocratic demeanor. Because of Beijing winter cold, hot pot is from Beijing's pet on the table. Flavor snack is a feature in Beijing, as a result of destinations ethnic characteristics snacks, breed is very rich. The street there are many snack bar, night market and the free market also have snacks stalls, in the Spring Festival, temple fair, flowers at the meeting - always the most attractive places. At present, can eat snacks in Beijing have a cake, soy milk, rice cakes, Fried cake, soybean curd, tea soup, roast sweet potato, wonton, baked wheat cake, etc.

北京景点英文导游词相关

各位游客，大家好!

欢迎大家到达故宫观光旅游。今天，有幸陪同大家参观，我叫小王，很高兴见到各位，望各位能在这里度过一段美好的时光。

故宫筹建于明永乐四年(1406年)，建成于明永乐十八年(1420年)，从明到清共有24位皇帝在此居住、临朝。故宫占地72万平方米，建筑面积约15万平方米，共有殿宇9000余间，都是砖木结构、黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座饰以金碧辉煌的彩绘，是世界上现存规模最大、最完整的古代皇家建筑群。

不知不觉，我们来到了太和殿。太和殿是故宫最大的殿堂。看!是不是很壮观?我们走近看看，正面是12根红色大圆柱，金琐窗，朱漆门。往大殿里瞧瞧，那金漆雕龙的椅子就是皇帝平时坐的地方，背后是雕龙屏。向上看看，中央藻井有一条巨大的雕金蟠龙。

现在，我来到了中和殿。它是故宫外朝三大殿之一，位于太和殿和保和殿之间。中和殿高29米，平面呈方形，为单檐四角攒尖，屋面覆黄色琉璃瓦，中为铜胎鎏金宝顶。我现在来说说它的作用吧!明清两代，中和殿的使用功能基本上是相同的，即皇帝到太和殿参加大型庆典前在此休息准备。另外在每年二月皇帝到先农坛举行亲耕仪式，前一天要来这里阅视种子、农具、祝文。

快乐的时光总是短暂的，又到了我们说再见的时刻了，接下来的时间交给大家自由游览观光，希望大家注意安全的同时，还要注意讲文明，不要乱扔垃圾哟!再见!

prince gongs residence is located in the northwest of beijing, nearqianhai in the east and houhai in the north. in the early stage, a canal fromthe northeast corner of jishuitan (west sea) water area in deshengmen bypassedthe west wall of prince gongs residence, turned outside the south wall(commonly known as yueya river), and flowed into shichahai (qianhai) throughthree bridges. facing water in the west and south, and near water in the eastand north, it can be said that it is surrounded by water and has a beautifulenvironment. by the early 1950s, the canal had been filled up to form liuyinstreet and qianhaixi street.

prince gongs residence was first built in 1776, with a history of morethan 230 years. in the fourth year of jiaqing, he was convicted and his housewas confiscated. after that, the house was divided into two parts: the east andthe west. emperor jiaqing of the west gave the house to his younger brotherprince yonggui, and the east left it to the ten princesses. in the first year ofchengfeng (1851), emperor xianfeng gave the whole palace to prince gong yi? tolive in. so far, it was named prince gongs palace, which is still in use remember the two main masters of the garden: big corrupt official andprince gong yi?.

prince gongs residence is 330 meters long from north to south and 180meters wide from east to west. there are dozens of palaces in beijing, whichwere either destroyed or used for other purposes. only prince gongs mansion,which has been preserved in its original style, is open to the outside world. asan ancient garden of manchu royal family, it is composed of two parts: mansionand garden, covering an area of more than 60000 square meters, including 32000square meters of mansion and 28000 square meters of garden.

the buildings in the mansion are divided into three roads: the east road,the middle road and the west road. from the south to the north, they arecomposed of many three-way quadrangles with strict central axis. the layout isclear. the east road goes to park shanghua, the middle road is solemn andsolemn, and the west road is simple and elegant. the three roads areself-contained and harmonious. in these houses, there are not only the buildingsreflecting the royal style and majesty, but also the exquisite architecture anddecoration style from the folk, which constitute the biggest feature of theroyal culture. the garden integrates jiangnan garden and northern architecture,and integrates western architecture and chinese classical garden gongs mansion is not only one of the important representatives of theqing dynastys mansion architecture, but also an important performance of themost mature period of chinese traditional architecture and gardening skills. renzhi, a famous scholar, called it "a palace of prince gong, half of thehistory of qing dynasty".

prince gongs house was listed as a key national protection unit in 1982,and the garden of prince gongs house was opened to the public in 1988. in theprocess of my explanation, in order to better protect this precious heritage andensure the safety of your visit to the park, please cooperate. first, do notsmoke. second, do not climb rocks. third, take good care of your , take good care of the environment and do not litter in the park

1、 the first master of the mansion, he (born in 1750 a.d. in the 15th yearof qianlong and died in 1799 a.d. in the 4th year of jiaqing), was originallynamed shanbao, with the word zhizhai and the surname niuhulu. he belonged to thezhenghong banner of manchuria (once carried into zhenghuang banner, but hisfamily members were classified as zhenghong banner after being convicted).)among the eight banners, they are not aristocrats (eight banners are dividedinto yellow flag, yellow flag, white flag, white flag, red flag, red flag, blueflag and blue flag). the yellow flag, the yellow flag and the white flag led bythe emperor were the upper three banners, the nobles and the lower five banners.)how could he be the greatest favorite of emperor qianlong if he was not borninto a noble family and had no degree of jinshi

there are five main reasons why he is favored

first, smart. he? has an amazing memory, makes a clear reading and makes asmart decision. even jiaqing affirmed that he was "smart and agile". when he wasa child, he studied in xianan palace, the best school in the capital at thattime (xianan palace is in the imperial palace, which is equivalent to thecurrent national key school. it mainly recruits the children of the internalaffairs government and eight banners officials who are both good-looking andgood-looking). he is proficient in manchu, chinese, mongolian and tibetanlanguages, and can be both civil and military. at the age of 19, he inheritedthe position of third-class light truck captain earned by his ancestors. threeyears later, there was another vacancy for the third class bodyguard, which gavehim a chance to get close to emperor qianlong.

second, the united tobacco royal family. his son, fengshen yinde, was giventhe name by emperor qianlong, which means longevity in manchu. moreover,qianlong married his 65 year old daughter gu lun and princess xiao to his sonfengshen yinde. the relationship between emperor qianlong and "he" changed fromthe relationship between master and slave, the relationship between monarch andminister to the relationship between daughter and family, and qianlong becamethe real umbrella of "he".

thirdly, according to unofficial history, i remember that when hongli wasyoung (later emperor qianlong), i once played in the palace and saw nianguifeicombing her hair. nianguifei was the younger sister of general nian genyao ofthe qing dynasty and one of the top ten beauties of the qing dynasty. her namewas nianqiuyue. hongli was moved by her beauty and secretly went over to coverher eyes from behind. qing, nians concubine was startled and didnt know whowas behind. she picked up the hairpin and rowed back, which just cut honglisforehead. later, the empress learned about it, because it spread that it was notgood for honglis reputation (she was the royal concubine of yongzheng, honglishould call her erniang. )next year, the imperial concubine hanged cried bitterly at that time, because one of his frivolous actions killednian guifei. i secretly vowed that when i became an emperor, i would meet again,not to repair this life and the afterlife. so stained with cinnabar, she printeda red fingerprint behind her ear. many years later, when hongli became emperor,he was emperor qianlong. when he first saw him, he was still a stick ng was surprised and felt that he looked like the young lady who died manyyears ago. so he stepped down from the throne and asked if there were anysisters in his family. he said that there were only two brothers, he and he?.when the emperor was disappointed, he suddenly saw a red mole behind his ear. itwas not only similar to nianguifeis face, but also the size and location of themole. so the emperor thinks that he? is the reincarnation of nian guifei. so theemperor kept him close to him and favored him. he also used his intelligence toplease qianlong. as a result, his position and status rose like a three years, emperor qianlong passed orders to promote him to theposition of official. he almost made all kinds of high-ranking officials in theqing dynasty. he had been a military aircraft minister for 23 years, and wasknown as the second emperor.

many friends come to prince gongs residence with admiration. the film andtelevision works also make a lot of hype about ho. however, there is a big gapbetween the real image of ho and the image of the film and television works. hois a real beautiful man with a white face, quick action, dignified and humorousspeech.

the second master, prince gong yi? (1833-1898), was the sixth son ofemperor daoguang. he was named prince gong in the imperial edict of emperordaoguang in 1850. he was an important and influential figure in the politicalsituation of the late qing dynasty. after the death of emperor xianfeng in 1861,he and cixi jointly launched the "xinyou coup" to eliminate eight ministers,such as sushun, which paved the way for cixi to reach the peak of power. afterthat, he was appointed as the king of political affairs, walked on the militaryplane, and participated in military affairs as a prince, which was very rare inthe qing dynasty. as a "leader", he, together with zeng guofan, zhang zhidongand other feudal officials, set off the famous "westernization movement" inmodern chinese history. under his invitation and planning, the qing governmentestablished in 1860 the first official "ministry of foreign affairs" in chinesehistory, the premiers national affairs yamen, to deal with foreign affairs. in1862, under his own planning, the qing government established the capitaltongwen school in beijing. the establishment of tongwen school was the beginningof the establishment of a new school in china. it entered the school of beijingnormal university in 1902 and became the earliest part of the establishment ofpeking university. it seems that the prince of the late qing dynasty has acertain relationship with peking university. yi? was the sixth son of emperordaoguang. at that time, he was famous for his foreign affairs. therefore, peoplenicknamed him gui zi liu, and he didnt mind. because yi? was very independentand active in politics, he was afraid of empress dowager cixi. later, he lostpower and lived in seclusion in jiehe temple. yi? became the tenth iron hat kingof the qing dynasty in 1872. he is the author of the collection of works ofledaotang. after the sino japanese war of 1894-1895, it was used again. it wasthe prime minister of the navy, the council for military affairs, and the innercourt. he died in 1898 with the posthumous title of "zhong". )

2、 scenic spots in the mansion

the main hall of the palace of yinan, commonly known as "yinan hall", isthe place where important ceremonial activities are held. a group of screens andthe throne of the prince are placed in the center of the hall. it corresponds tothe jinluan hall of the forbidden city. jinluan hall was the place where theemperor summoned and held important ceremonies.

the tall building you see now was newly built in this overhaul as it was inthe guangxu reign of tongzhi. the original yinan hall, together with the eastand west side halls, was destroyed by burning incense on the night of thelantern festival on january 15, 1921.

the new construction process of yinan hall:

the yinan hall was built according to the strict architectural regulationsof the qing dynasty and the highest standard roof of the royal palace.

tourists, please observe the color of the tiles on the roof of the mainhall, the number of animals on the roof ridge, the number of doornails on themain door, etc. how are they different from the palace museum you can see?

the roof of the imperial palace is covered with golden colored glass, whichis the symbol of imperial power; the roof of the main hall of the royal palaceis covered with green colored glass tiles, and the roof of the auxiliary hall iscovered with gray tiles, which indicates the princes status.

in ancient architecture, door nails were only used on board ally used to guard against the enemys fire attack, so zhuoyi was coveredwith mud to prevent fire. doornails are usually made of copper. in the qingdynasty, the use of door nails was regulated. in royal architecture, there arenine nails for each door, nine in each direction, and a total of ninety-nine andeighty-one nails. nine is the pole of yang number, symbolizing the higheststatus of the emperor. because the imperial temple is dedicated to the emperorsof the past dynasties, it also has nine road studs; seven roads in the royalpalace take seven roads, but seven roads in the princes palace take nine roads;further down there are five roads take five roads.

duofuxuan is commonly known as "tengluoyuan". the main hall was called"yanxi hall" in the period of peace, which was the residence of the son andprincess of peace. it was called "duofuxuan" in the period of prince gong. itwas the hall and living room of the palace. it was mainly used by the host toreceive visitors, relatives and friends or subordinates who came to report backto the official affairs. it was also used to store gifts sent by the emperor."duofuxuan" was inscribed by emperor xianfeng. it means the palace of a lot ofhappiness. the plaque of "tongde yanxi" is hung in the center of the hall, whichis intended to warn the host that only when you and the emperor have the samevirtue can you extend the xi (xi: good luck and long life). please observecarefully that the four walls of the hall near the ceiling are all hung with theinscription of "fu shou". the inscription of "fu shou" is written on the redsquare paper (i.e. "dou fang") and is placed in a shuttle shape. the inscriptionof "fu shou" is made in pairs.

since the reign of kangxi in the qing dynasty, every winter, the emperorhad to write the words "fu" and "shou" in person and give them to the king, theduke, the minister and the empress. the word "shou" will be added to every majorbirthday celebration. according to convention, the old "fu shou" dou fang cannot be removed. instead, the new "fu shou" dou fang is pasted directly on theold one, meaning "fu tian shou". now what you see is the original copy.

please carefully observe the phoenix and seal painting of qianlong periodon the roof beam. although only partial phoenix tail pattern remains, it hasspecial value. its existence confirms that fudi east road was once princessmansion.

hexi painting is also known as palace architectural painting. this kind ofarchitectural painting is the highest level painting in the qing dynasty, mostlypainted on palace buildings or buildings related to the royal family

ledaotang is the largest building on the east road and the last one toenter the courtyard. the main room is called "ledaotang". on the interior beams,there are two hundred years of colorful paintings of baojindi and phoenix in themiddle qing dynasty, which indicates that it was the residence of the princessduring the period of peace. in the period of prince gong, this is the livingroom of the prince. now the interior is displayed as it was when prince gonglived. the plaque of "ledaotang" was given to yi? by emperor daoguang expresses a fathers wish for his sons happiness and auspiciousness.

he is not a prince. in the qing dynasty, when the feudal hierarchy was verystrict, why did he build such a luxurious private house in spite of large-scaleconstruction? you can see the reason from the following records.

yin de, the son of he, was born on the 19th of the first month of the 40thyear of qianlong (1775), half a month younger than princess he xiao. he andqianlong formed a family of sons and daughters, and became the most unattainablerelatives of the emperor. he jianhe house was actually built as princess house,so he jianhe house was built according to the double specifications of princesshouse and first-class officials of the imperial court

jiale hall

jiale hall is the hall name of hejin period. it is said that the plaque ofjiale hall was given to hejin by qianlong. during the period of prince gong, itwas the "temple", that is, the place where shamanism activities were held.

shamanism sacrificial activities: ancient mongolians believed in shamanismfirst. shamanism worships gods and divides the world into three kinds: heavenabove, earth in the middle and hell below.

the most important way of shaman sacrifice is to worship ancestors andheaven. it is said that the ancestors of manchu people fell into a trap in abattle and had to hide in a big tree in a hurry. the birds on the tree did notmove, so they did not expose the ancestors of manchu people to the enemy and letthem survive. therefore, manchu people revered the birds as gods.

grand theater

the grand theater building of prince gongs mansion, built during the reignof tongzhi (1862-1874), is a place for prince gong and his relatives to watchthe opera. this theater is the only existing fully enclosed theater in china. inthe archives of the qing dynasty, theatrical buildings were called "bigtheatrical rooms". the building area is 685 square meters, and its architecturalform adopts a three volume hook and build fully enclosed structure. it is saidthat although the whole theater building is of brick and wood structure, it doesnot use an iron nail. in particular, it is worth mentioning the sound effect ofthe grand theater. in order to ensure the fidelity of the sound, several largetanks are placed under the stage. the ingenious and special structure increasesthe resonance reverberation space, so that the audience can clearly hear thesinging of the actors without any sound transmission tools at any position inthe theater. once, after a famous singer came here to sing, he excitedly praisedthat the timbre effect of the grand theater building was better than that of theconcert hall.

in the peony courtyard, the location of the theater is general, but theinside is resplendent. on both sides of the stage, the two pillars, the fourwalls and the top are all painted with twigs and vines. the scene of greenleaves and purple flowers in full bloom makes people feel like watching theopera under the vines. it is said that at that time, even empress dowager cixiwas sitting in the courtyard. prince gong worried that he would be guilty ofoverstepping the system, so he painted a lot of vines on the roof, which meansthat this is the vines rack, not the lobby. its very kind of him. there are 20large palace lanterns hanging on the top of the shed, and 20 eight immortalstables with taishi chairs are placed in an orderly manner. the back walls of thetheater are light brown wooden lattice, with dark blue silk cloth as the bottomlining. on the south side of the hall is a stage about one meter high. above thestage, there is a black plaque with gold characters, which is written with fourseal characters of "enjoy yourself". in the south, there is an actors dressingroom in the backstage and a stage in the front. in the north, there are placesfor vips and their wives to watch and rest. yis birthday is in the late octoberof the lunar calendar. when holding a birthday party, a fire is needed, so thegrand theater is also called "warm building" by the government. in addition toacting, it was also the place where the wedding ceremony was held in princegongs mansion. every time the important figures in the mansion die, the theaterwill be full of couplets, buildings, cigarettes, long hanging, and monks andnuns in each temple will sprinkle sutras one after another to pass the dead.

in 1936, pu ru, the grandson of prince gong yi? who lived in the garden atthat time, celebrated his mother mrs. xiangs birthday and organized a hall playin the theater. at that time, famous actors in the peking opera circle gatheredin the grand theater and performed on the stage one after another. this is thelast meeting of prince gongs mansion. now?

总占地面积 21 公顷 ,建筑面积 258,000m2 .场内观众坐席约为91000 个，其中临时坐席约 11000 个。奥运会、残奥会开闭幕式、田径比赛及足球比赛决赛在这里举行。奥运会后这里则成为文化体育、健身购物、餐饮娱乐、旅游展览等综合性的大型场所，并成为具有地标性的体育建筑和奥运遗产。鸟巢，这件被誉为”第四代体育馆“的伟大建筑作品，见证的不仅仅是人类21世纪在建筑与人居环境领域的不懈追求，也见证着中国这个东方文明古国不断走向开放的历史进程。

”鸟巢“,是由20xx年普利茨克奖获得者赫尔佐格、德梅隆与中国建筑师李兴刚等合作完成的巨型体育场设计，形态如同孕育生命的”巢“,它更像一个摇篮，寄托着人类对未来的希望。设计者们对这个国家体育场没有做任何多余的处理，只是坦率地把结构暴露在外，因而自然形成了建筑的外观。鸟巢可以说是圆形的建筑，那旁边的水立方是方形建筑，在我国古代的时候人们崇尚的是天圆地方，圆就代表上天，方就代表大地，那就是说鸟巢代表上天，水立方代表大地。

在鸟巢及水立方之间是我们北京的子午线，这跟子午线是全世界最早的中轴线，这条线南北贯穿，在他上面有北京钟鼓楼，故宫博物院，天安门城楼，天安门广场，毛主席纪念堂，人民英雄纪念碑，前门等建筑，在有就是中华人民共和国国旗。天安门城楼和中华人民共和国国旗是我们国家的标志，那我们在回想到那圆形的鸟巢，那方形的水立方，我们就会明白，我们的意思是天地之间，唯我中国独尊。

现在大我们就在”鸟巢“内啦，它为特级体育建筑，主体结构设计使用年限 100 年，耐火等级为一级 , 抗震设防烈度 8 度 , 地下工程防水等级 1 级。工程主体建筑呈空间马鞍椭圆形，南北长 333 米 、东西宽 294 米 的，高 69 米。主体钢结构形成整体的巨型空间马鞍形钢桁架编织式 ” 鸟巢 “ 结构 , 钢结构总用钢量为 4.2 万吨，混凝土看台分为上、中、下三层，看台混凝土结构为地下 1 层，地上 7 层的钢筋混凝土框架 - 剪力墙结构体系。钢结构与混凝土看台上部完全脱开，互不相连，形式上呈相互围合，基础则坐在一个相连的基础底板上。国家体育场屋顶钢结构上覆盖了双层膜结构，即固定于钢结构上弦之间的透明的上层 etfe 膜和固定于钢结构下弦之下及内环侧壁的半透明的下层 ptfe 声学吊顶。

让人惊叹的是，整个建筑通过巨型网状结构联系，内部没有一根立柱，看台是一个完整的没有任何遮挡的碗状造型，如同一个巨大的容器，赋予体育场以不可思议的戏剧性和无与伦比的震撼力。这种均匀而连续的环形也将使观众获得最佳的视野，带动他们的兴奋情绪，并激励运动员向更快、更高、更强冲刺。在这里，人，真正被赋予中心的地位。

好啦，介绍就到这里，接下来的时间大家自由参观，可以和场地中间的福娃们合个影哦!

大家好！

今天，我将带领你参观故宫。紫禁城，也称为紫禁城，位于北京的中心。宫殿占地面积超过72万平方米，有9900多个亭子。是明清两代皇帝的居所。城内有一门，南门为武门，北门为神武门，东门为东华门，西门为西华门。据说大约有23万名著名工匠和100万名平民工人聚集在一起创造了紫禁城，所以我们可以知道紫禁城有多大，有多壮观。紫禁城的整个庭院分为两部分，即“前朝”和“后宫”。“前朝”是皇帝举行大典的地方，主要包括东西两侧的太和殿、中和殿、包和殿、文华殿、武英殿。“后麦”是皇帝、后妃和未成年子女居住的地方，主要包括干青宫、交泰宫、坤宁宫和东西六宫。

你看，这个楼就是武门门，也叫五峰楼。明朝时，每年正月十五，午门挂一盏灯，给官员送饭。到了清朝，这个活动取消了。另外，每当国家打了胜仗，皇帝都要在这里接受祭俘仪式，皇帝的亲征也是从午门出去的。在戏曲舞台上，“武门门砍头”的说法，其实是明朝朝廷官员在武门庭犯罪。好了，我们继续。

现在我们来到了广昌太和殿。这里有18个青铜香炉，代表清朝留下的18件东西。两侧有青铜鹤龟，象征长寿。看，太和殿是故宫最高级别的建筑，只有皇帝举行隆重的仪式时才使用，象征皇权至高无上。太和殿俗称金殿。太和殿正面有12根大柱子，东西长约63米，高35米。整个大厅雕刻着横梁和油画，红色的柱子上缠绕着龙。这些龙有不同的姿势和生动的描述。整个宫殿也很豪华，很有钱。有一个2米高的平台，上面雕刻着9个金龙宝座。后面有一个金色的油漆屏风，前面有一个皇家的箱子。殿顶形式是最高等级的双檐顶，甚至正殿主脊上的吻兽也是目前国内最大的，处处显示“第一”。

读完太和殿，我们再来看看太和殿。大家看！和谐殿是皇帝等待吉时，在仪式前稍作休息的地方。接下来，请和我一起去参观国宴厅-包和厅。亲爱的朋友们，这个大厅是前皇宫三个大厅中的最后一个，叫做包和厅。这个大厅叫国宴厅，清代科举。现在我们来到干青宫，这里是皇帝在紫禁城居住和处理日常政治事务的地方。干青宫分为三个部分:中殿、东暖阁和西暖阁。正殿是皇帝处理日常事务和临时会见大臣的地方。殿内有皇帝宝座和御案，中间挂着一块“光明正大”的牌匾，这是清朝皇帝的祖训，是治国、修身、平天下的基本原则。东暖阁和西暖阁是皇帝晚上待的地方。

现在请跟我去参观交泰堂。请看，这个四角金字塔形屋顶的大厅叫交泰殿。这座建筑是明清两代皇后举行生日庆典的地方。正殿后墙上的牌匾上有“无为”二字，是康熙皇帝的御笔，意思是后人可以以德治国，实行仁政，从而达到国家长治久安。

亲爱的朋友们，现在我们来到了故宫的后花园皇家花园，这是一个皇帝休闲娱乐的地方。你可以在这里拍照。

由于时间限制，我们先到此为止。给你两个小时自由参观。请不要在墙上乱涂，保护文化遗产。希望你玩得开心。

北京紫禁城的建筑形式

建筑规模

紫禁城是由明朝皇帝朱迪建造的，由会翔(1397-1481，苏州人)设计。占地72万平方米(长961米，宽753米)，建筑面积约15万平方米，占地72万平方米。14年，100万农民工，9999套半房子。其实根据专家1973年的实地调查，大小院落90多个，房屋980间，共计8707间(但这个“间”并不是今天的房间概念。

建筑造型

当时故宫前面的宫殿建筑风格要求宏伟。

庭院明亮开阔，象征封建政权至高无上。太和殿位于紫禁城对角线的中央，每个角落都有十只吉祥动物。故宫的设计者认为这将显示皇帝的威严，震惊世界。但后面的皇宫又深又紧凑，所以东西六宫自成一体，各有门墙，相对排列有序。故宫之后是皇宫花园。

故宫的宫殿沿着一条南北中轴线排列，三大大殿、后三宫和御花园都位于这条中轴线上。而向两边，南北取直，对称。这条中轴线不仅贯穿故宫，而且南至永定门，北至鼓楼、钟楼。

游客们：

你们好！

我是小吴，古天由我去带领大家游览沈阳故宫。沈阳故宫始修于后金天命十年(1625年)，修成于清崇德元年(1636年)，是清太祖努尔哈赤以及清太宗皇太极营制以及使用过的宫殿。清世祖福临也曾在这里继位，改元“顺乱”、并于当年进闭，统乱齐中国。沈阳故宫占地6万多仄方米，齐部修建计300多间，共组成20多个院落。按其布局，可分为东路、中路以及西路三大全数。我们诡计游用三个小时的光阴往游览，现在我们已将到了，大家下车，先听我说几句。

首先，我告诉大家，注意的变乱。第一，大家要紧跟我身后，没有要走拾了。第两，要在划定的光阴内乱争集开，假如找没有到了，请拨打我的手机。第三，没有要治扔器材，讲卫生。第四，坚持安静，没有要大喊大叫。好了，出收了。

沈阳故宫是中国现存仅次于南京故宫的最完整的皇宫修建。在修建艺术上承袭了中国今代修建的传统，集汉、满、蒙族艺术为一体，具备很高的”"汗青”"以及艺术价格。

大家看，这座占地六万仄方米的今修建群始修于625年，修成于1636年，齐部修建90余所，300余间。清朝入闭后对盛京皇宫又举行了回护以及扩修，到坤隆时基本相成古日规模。

大家看，沈阳故宫那金龙蟠柱的太政殿、崇政殿，排如雁行的十王亭、万宇炕心袋房的清宁宫，今朴典俗的文朔阁，和凤凰楼等高台修建。在中国宫殿修建史上，绝无唯一;那机富满族情调的“宫高殿低”的修建作风，更是“别无分号”。

沈阳老乡内乱争的大街号“井”字形，故宫就设在“井”字形大街的中央，占地6万仄方米，现有今修建114座。次要修建有大政殿，十王亭、大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼、清宁宫、文溯阁等。大政殿是用去入行诸如揭晓诏书、戎行出征、迎接将士班师以及皇帝即位等大典之处。十王亭则是右左翼王以及八旗大臣干事之处。这种君臣开署干事于宫廷的现象，表现了”"创业”"早期君臣仄等的汗青，也是从打世界到坐世界的君臣仄等的延续。到了进闭后，从南京故宫合始，这种仄等被逐渐突破，最终形成了高高在上的君王。

二端高耸的修建是沈阳故宫里仅有的烟囱。故宫里每一个房间的炕火都从地下的通叙汇聚到这个烟囱里，这是他们金瓯无缺的思想的象征。这个烟囱共有11级，最下面一级只需三块砖构成。导游说，这个金瓯无缺的烟囱反而成了清朝的谶语：清朝共有11位皇帝，最后的宣统帝只作了三年江山，等于那三块砖的预示。想当年努尔哈赤在建修这个金瓯无缺烟囱的时候，假如早知云云，一定会加多几层吧?!

上面，请大家自由观光。三个小时后在这里定时集开。

各位游客大家好：

今天，我是你们的导游，大家可以叫我梁导游。现在带着你们一起游览故宫，大家请听一下我的介绍。

北京故宫，位于北京市城区中心，旧称紫禁城，是明、清两代的皇宫。是当今世界上现存规模最大、建筑最雄伟，保存最完整的古代宫殿和古建筑群。故宫是明朝的永乐皇帝建成的，到今已有近五百八十年的历史。

故宫规模宏大

，东西宽为753米，南北长为961米，总占地面积达72万平方米，全部建筑由大小院落约十座，建筑面积为16万平方米和大小宫室9999间。宫殿四周围有高约10米，长约3。5公里。朱红色的宫墙。宫墙四面都建有高大的城门，南为午门即故宫正门。北为神武门，城墙四隅各矗立着一座风格独特、造型绮丽的角楼。宫墙外围着一条宽为52米的护城河，使北京成为一座壁垒森严的城堡。

故宫正门外为一条南北狭长的前庭，是进出故宫的重要通道，通道长是600米，全用大青石铺成。通道东侧为劳动人民的文化宫，西侧为中山公园。

故宫藏有大量的珍贵文物，占全国文物总数的六分之一，其中有许多是绝无仅有的国宝。现在故宫的一些宫殿中设立了综合类的历史艺术馆、绘画馆、分类的陶瓷馆、青铜器馆、明青工艺美术馆，铭刻馆、玩具馆、文房四宝馆、玩物馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆和清代宫廷章文物展览等，是是国收藏文物最丰富的博物馆，也是世界著名的古文化艺术博物馆。

各位游客，我就带你们游览到这里，接下来的时间，你们就自己到别处去游览一下，去加深了解故宫的知识吧!

各位亲爱的游客：

欢迎来到八达岭长城风景区游玩！我是你们的导游，大家可以叫我小蔡。

八达岭长城是明长城最具代表性的一段。我们现在已经来到八达岭长城脚下。大家抬头看一下，眼前的长城蜿蜒，山岭起伏，多么壮丽啊！

现在，我们已经来到八达岭长城的一段城墙上。请看，城墙外沿每隔一段距离就有一个方形的小口子，上面还有这样的齿状缺口，这些在打仗的时候都是大有用处的：方形的小口子是射击口，用来射击；城墙顶上的齿状缺口是瞭望口，士兵可以趴在这里观察敌情。而这厚厚的城墙可以很好地保护士兵的安全。

请大家往远处看，看见那一个个方形的城台了吗？这些城台是用来屯兵的，不打仗时，士兵们可以在城台里休息；打仗的时候，城台之间还可以通过狼烟来相互传递信息。

有谁知道城墙上这些条石的重量？它们最重的有两三千斤重呢。你们一定很好奇，在古代，没有汽车、没有起重机，人们是靠什么把这些条石运到这陡峭的山岭上来呢？不靠别的，正是靠他们的肩膀！

关于修筑长城，还有一个家喻户晓的传说故事——“孟姜女哭长城”。根据传说，孟姜女的丈夫范喜良被抓去修长城，后来音信全无。孟姜女千辛万苦终于来到了修长城的地方。可她一打听，才知道自己的丈夫早就累死了，被埋在了长城下。孟姜女得知这一消息，痛哭了三天三夜，把那段长城都哭塌了。虽然这只是一个传说，但足以证明无数劳动人民为修筑长城，流血流汗，甚至付出了生命的代价。

好了，接下来大家可以自由参观，拍照留念了，游玩时一定要注意安全。一个小时后，我们在这里集合。祝大家玩得愉快！

只见李莲英心中有数，不慌不忙地说道：“太后息怒，请您后殿御览。”慈禧太后慢慢悠悠转到三世佛后，果见一慈眉善目的观世音坐在莲花台上，此寺方丈住持，还有慈禧的文武大臣也都早在李莲英的安排之下，聚集在这里。与此同时，李莲英突然喊道：“老佛爷到!”其他人即刻跪伏高呼：“恭迎老佛爷!”

慈禧是何等聪明，见状便明白了一大半儿，但她仍故作不解：“你们迎接的是哪位老佛爷呀?”下边一片拍马屁之声：“就是迎接太后您老佛爷呀!”“您就是当今救苦救难的观世音菩萨啊!”“如今先皇晏驾，新皇尚幼，国不可一日无主，臣民们请您垂帘料理朝政，您可要救庶民于水火之中啊!”把慈禧拍得跟沙丁鱼罐头似的，连骨头都酥了。

自此，“万寿寺双佛显圣”的故事便越传越神，老佛爷这个称呼更是从万寿寺传遍京城，举国上下，都称慈禧为“太后老佛爷”。这为慈禧的夺权制造了不小的舆论声势。

据说这个观世音正是李莲英让人按慈禧的模样塑造而成的，如今拿来慈禧留下的老照片与佛像对比，还真是颇为神似。后来慈禧由于对此观世音非常赏识，还穿上了寺里方丈为她准备的观音衣服，李莲英扮作韦驮，俩人在这个佛像前照了张像，相片流传至今。

由此发迹之后，慈禧对于万寿寺有了一种特殊的感情，把她当成了自己的福地。光绪十四年起，慈禧太后挪用海军军费重新修好颐和园之后，她为了方便自己去颐和园，又疏浚了一条水道。颐和园是三分山、七分水、一亩田。可谓山水结合，动静相宜。而慈禧坐马车去时，只能看到颐和园的四分之一。乘舟游幸就大不相同，远山似画、如入仙境，游船穿行于亭台楼阁之间，船在云中走，人在画中游。而那条被称为“慈禧水道”的水系，就从万寿寺门前经过，万寿寺也就理所应当被选为慈禧出游的行宫。

据统计，慈禧一生曾32次去颐和园。按照慈禧太后出游的排场，这座万寿寺在光绪初年作为行宫标准也太低了。因此光绪一朝，万寿寺几次扩建，一度成为京西第一大寺。据工作人员介绍，现在开放的部分只是万寿寺原规模的一半，东路的许多房产还没有彻底腾退出来。不知道如果完全恢复，万寿寺会是怎样壮观的场景。

如今从万寿寺门前仍可以乘船行舟，并且路线全如当年慈禧行走的一样。而当年除慈禧外，只有阿哥、格格级别以上才可随驾乘船，游览景色。慈禧水道上“十里青山行画里，双飞白鸟似江南”的秀美景色，老百姓根本无缘得见。清朝时甚至严禁百姓在此河道上垂钓、打鱼，据《清实录》记载，慈禧画舫经过时，两岸共有八旗前锋营护军7800人，步军兵丁6230人沿河护卫。甚至人们站在岸边观看都是滔天大罪，因为皇后和妃子的美丽容貌，百姓们看到了就是对皇帝的大不敬，是要被砍头的。

光绪三十四年，光绪和慈禧几乎在同一天驾崩。国运衰则百事哀，因光绪皇帝曾被慈禧软禁在颐和园内，隆裕太后于1908年下懿旨：永不游幸颐和园。慈禧水道从此断航。

如今的万寿寺已变成了北京艺术博物馆。因此您来到这里，不仅可以享受到佛国风光，还可以尽赏北京地区出土或是流传的文物精品。展览主要包括历代书法和绘画，碑帖及名人书札，宫廷织绣，宫室瓷器，古代家具，历代钱币及玺印等。这里还收藏了上自宋代下至民国的古籍图书十余万册，可谓包罗万象。其中唐吐鲁番佛教布画、北魏鎏金造像、元代白瓷观音和乾隆捻线绣宗喀巴大师像等都是稀世珍品。而大殿内现正进行毛家湾遗址瓷片展览，自唐至明中期历时900余年的瓷器标本，无一不有。

上文提到的慈禧水道，如今花二三十元，都可享受到当年老佛爷的待遇。航行时间单程为45分钟，包括万寿寺、北京展览馆后湖、玉渊潭在内的几座码头，您可以就近上下船游览，前一秒看完老北京的美景，下一秒就是新北京，然后又梦回清朝，真是不亦乐乎。

猜你感兴趣的：

天安门和故宫。

出了门，我看见天非常蓝，像洗了一样。蓝蓝的天上飘着朵朵白云，有时像一群白羊，有时像一群小白兔，有时像一群奶牛，有时像一群北极熊，真是千姿百态!蓝色的天空配着雪白的云，我多想变成小鸟在天空中翱翔呀……

到了天安门广场，我们举行了短暂的开营仪式，导游姐姐就领着我们去故宫。

刚进故宫，有一扇红色的大门，大门上有九排金色的圆形门钉，一行九个，共八十一个。听导游姐姐说，只要摸摸金色的门钉，就会给人带来幸福。我和朋友们摸了好几遍还是摸不够!直到老师提醒我们说：“拉队了，赶紧跟上!”，我们才慌忙跟上队伍。

关于故宫让我印象最深的有两个故事：

一、有一位宫女想刺杀皇帝，当时皇帝正在睡午觉，宫女把绳子缠在皇帝的脖子上，皇帝被惊醒了，这次暗杀没有成功，宫女也被砍了头。

二、清朝时期的一位皇帝，他没生儿女就去世了，就让他的表弟来继承王位。在那个时候有个传说：皇帝的宝座上方有一块石球，只要不是皇家子孙坐在宝座上，石球就会掉下来把人砸死。继承王位的表弟非常害怕，就把宝座往后移了一米，就成为今天我们看到的这个样子。

今天的旅程虽然有点儿累，但是我学到了很多知识，心里还是很开心的!

看过有关故宫的导游词

这座在历史上为帝王建造的古典园林，现已成为中国最著名的旅游参观热点之一，每年接待游客数百万人。1986年，颐和园被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

各位游客，您们好！今天我要带大家去颐和园游玩，希望大家在颐和园留下一段美好的回忆。

现在我们已经来到了长廊。你们看，绿漆的柱子，红漆的栏杆，一眼望不到头。这条长廊有七、八百米长，分成二百三十七间。每一间的横槛上都有五彩的花，画着人物、花草、风景，几千幅画没有哪两幅是相同的。长廊两旁栽满了花木，这一种花还没谢，那一种花又开了。微风从左边的昆明湖上吹来，使人神清气爽，你感觉到了吗？大家看，我们现在走到了长廊的尽头。我们面前就是万寿山。大家抬头向上看，那一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑耸立在半山腰上，黄色的琉璃瓦闪闪发光。那就是佛香阁。下面的一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿，就是排云殿。

下面请大家随我一起去游览一下昆明湖吧！你们看，昆明湖多美呀！静得像一面镜子，绿得像一块碧玉。游船、画舫在湖面慢慢地滑过，几乎不留一点儿痕迹。

颐和园的景色说也说不尽。你们看那，还有湖心岛和十七孔桥，请各位游客细细观赏吧！

今天大家玩得开心吗？希望您们下次还能来。

大家好，我是这次旅游的导游，我姓X，大家可以叫我X导!

现在快到目的地--北京天坛，所以我先给大家将一些注意事项：“礼貌、卫生、秩序、眼看手勿动、禁止乱涂乱画”这五点，记得哦!

乘客们，旅游景点已到，请大家有秩序的下车!现在我们来到了天坛的正门，这里是皇帝前来祭祀时进出的大门。现在，就让我一一地为大家介绍吧!

天坛，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。它位于北京城南端，是明、清两代皇帝祭祀天地之神和祈祷五谷丰收的地方。天坛不仅是中国古建筑中的明珠，也是世界建筑史上的瑰宝。

天坛东西长1700米，南北宽1600米，种面积为273万平方米。天坛包括圜丘和祈谷二坛，围墙分内外两层，呈回字形。北围墙为孤圆形，南围墙与东西墙成直角相交，为方形。这种南方北圆，，通称“天地墙”，象徽古代“天圆地方”之说。

以上就是天坛的故事，时间不早了，现在，大家自由参观拍照吧!--转眼间，我们的北京天坛一日游又结束了，大家有秩序的坐车回家吧!

北京天坛

大家好!我叫张艺馨。我是你们今天的导游，你们可以叫我小张。今天，我带大家去参观北京的故宫。

说到故宫呀，你们知道吗?修故宫的人叫“刘伯温”。有一次，皇帝问刘伯温：“你打算怎么修宫殿呢?”刘伯温说：“皇上，昨晚我梦见玉帝，玉帝跟我说，宫殿要比1000间少(比天上少，天上有1000间宫殿)，要找36位金刚、72位地神来守护民间，说完就不见了。”皇帝听后，便让刘伯温去造了，这就是我们如今看见的故宫。

从大门进去，就来到慈宁宫。刚走进去，你便会看到一把大椅子。靠背上有一张山水画，蓝色的底，金色的图，一棵棵松柏十分挺拔，旁边还有两把大扇子，好像是夏天时用的。椅子前面还有两只小狮子，好像保护着宫殿。椅子后面还有一副对联呢!屋顶和墙上由各种各样的图案，准把你看得眼花缭乱。

从慈宁宫出来，往前走，就会看到养心殿。养心殿和慈宁宫布局差不多，可养心殿比慈宁宫多一些饰品。有四盏灯，每盏灯上还有四条挂坠，挂坠上还有白色的小珠子。如果你抬头看，你还会看见几幅密密麻麻的字。

我已经给大家介绍了慈宁宫和养心殿，但是故宫还有其它有名的景点，如：太和殿、中和殿、保和殿、坤宁宫……希望大家去细细游赏。注意在游赏时要文明，不随地吐痰，不乱扔垃圾，感谢您的支持，再见!

各位游客大家好，我是旅行社的导游员，我姓*，今天就有我来带领大家共同游览这个清代的皇家园林——颐和园。希望我的讲解能够令各位满意，是我们共同度过这一美好的时光。

请大家随着我走。现在，我手指的这个是著名的长廊。这个长廊可不一般。它全长700多米，分成273间。大家可以看到，每间的横槛上都有许多五彩图画，画得各式各样，有人物、花草、风景，几千幅画没有哪两幅是相同的。难怪被称为“世界第一廊”。

大家往前看，这就是碧波荡漾的昆明湖。这片湖静得像一面镜子。游船经常从这里经过，大家可以听到船上游人们的欢歌笑语。

在昆明湖的上面，就是闻名遐迩的万寿山。站在这里，我们可以看到颐和园的全部风景。站在这里看，整个颐和园真可谓是无比壮观。郁郁葱葱的树丛掩映着黄的绿的琉璃瓦屋顶和朱红的宫墙。

一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑耸立在半山腰上，黄色的琉璃瓦闪闪发光，这就是古香古色的佛香阁。

大家快随我看看这美丽的石桥吧!这座石桥有17个桥洞，叫十七孔桥。桥栏杆上有上百根石柱，柱子上都雕刻着姿态不一的活灵活现的小狮子。

这座在历史上为帝王建造的古典园林，现已成为中国最著名的旅游参观热点之一，每年接待游客数百万人。1986年，颐和园被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

早上八点半，我怀着兴奋的心情和同学们高高兴兴地上了大巴车。在车上我和同学们有时说说笑笑，有时欣赏窗外的美景。路上经过首都机场，有的同学风趣地称“飞机”为“灰鸡”，听到的同学都笑了。车行驶了一个半小时，终于到了我们这次秋游的目的地——北京国际鲜花港。

下车后，映入眼帘的是一条鲜花装饰的飞龙，那条龙栩栩如生，同学们赞叹道：“哇!真棒啊!就跟真的一样!”。继续往前走，远远看见一个身着鲜花的少女，香味扑鼻而来。身边的同学说：“她是嫦娥。”路边有一种小草，当我们用手摸它时，它的叶子就神奇地合拢了。老师告诉我们，它叫含羞草。我们还看到了好大一片花海，有薰衣草，长寿菊，小丽花……，极有层次感。

我们走上一座木桥，桥上有人造喷雾。走在上边，仿佛进入了仙境，可是雾飘到我的眼睛和鼻子里的时候很难受，像被一块东西塞住似的。

该吃午饭了，同学们三三两两地坐在一起，大家互相交换着食物，有的同学还把自己的食物进行“拍卖”。我还让各组的同学把好吃的送给老师，老师和我们一起共进午餐，快乐极了。

午饭以后，我们排着队走进一个大展厅。看到了用鲜花装饰的花轿，有的同学还想亲身感受一下;我也想亲手抱抱，亲亲那个可爱的小娃娃;我还想骑上那匹骏马飞奔而去;我更想开着敞篷汽车游车河。在这里，我们还看到了颜色各异的菊花。我印象最深的是用菊花装饰的地铁。地铁的窗户上贴纸片，纸片上介绍着菊花的花语：红色代表着喜恋，黄色代表着友情，白色代表纯洁优雅……

参观结束了，我们又坐上了大巴车。在返校的路上，有的同学仍在兴致勃勃地说笑，而我，却美美地睡了一小觉。

依建筑时间和布局，沈阳故宫的建筑可分为三部分，它们分别是东路、中路、西路。今天，我们就按这个顺序。首先参观东路建筑。

沈阳故宫以其独特的建筑艺术和特殊的历史而闻名中外，在这片绚丽多彩，雄伟多姿的建筑群中，最古老，最具特色的就是我们面前的大政殿。

大政殿草创于1625年，是处理国家政务和举行庆典活动的主要场所之一。大政殿为八角重檐攒尖式建筑，外形近似满族早期在山林中狩猎时所搭的帐篷。在大政殿的房脊上，还饰有八个蒙古力士，牵引着八条铁链，象征着“八方归一”。正门前的大柱上，盘旋着两条翘首扬爪的金龙，是受汉族敬天畏龙思想的影响，以龙代表天子的至尊无上。大政殿建筑特点的多样性，体现了多民族文化的融合。金龙盘柱，尽显中原之风；八位力士又流露了浓郁的蒙古色彩；而亭帐式的风貌，则是满族古老文化的延续。

作为最早使用和最为重要的宫殿之一。许多重大历史事件都以大政殿为舞台上演。1643年，六岁的顺治皇帝在大政殿继承帝位，并于次年在此颁布了出兵令，命摄政王多尔哀兵入山海关直捣中原，最终完成了满清一代的一统大业。

文溯阁外观为两层，内部实为三层，书架上的木盒称函匣，用于收藏书籍。目前文溯阁的《四库全书》保存在甘肃省图书馆。

看到这里，我们今天的参观已经接近尾声。沈阳故宫的三路建筑是分期建造的，布局却是一气呵成，完整和谐。特别是三路建筑分别代表了“八和硕贝勒共治国政”、“皇太极南面独尊”、“康乾盛世”三个时期社会发展的基本特征。“建筑是凝固的历史”，从总体来看，沈阳故宫以建筑的方式反映了满族政权和满族社会由崛起——兴盛一高度发展的历史进程。

各位朋友，我们的参观就要结束了，希望故宫之行能给您留下美好的回忆。

沈阳故宫始建于后金天命十年（1625年）是清太祖迁都之际草创，清崇德元年（1636年）由皇太极建成。1644年，大清迁都北京，“沈阳故宫”从此成为“陪都宫殿”。“沈阳故宫”是清太祖努尔哈赤和清太宗皇太极修建并使用过的宫殿，距今巳有360余年的历史。在全国现存宫殿建筑群中，它的历史价值和艺术价值仅次于北京故宫居全国第二位。它是中国历史上最后的一个封建王朝的发祥重地，也是清统一中国后东北地区政治经济中心。

沈阳故宫占地6万多平方米，有楼台殿阁各式建筑70余座，由20多个院落组成，总计房屋300多间。故宫按自然布局分为中路、东路和西路三部分。

中路：是太宗皇太极时期的大内宫阙。南端是大清门，也是故宫的正门。向北依次是崇政殿、凤凰褛、清宁宫，它们都排列在一条中轴线上，两侧还有一些对称式的附属建筑。

大清门是日常朝会时文武大臣侯朝的地方，也是清太宗接受群臣谢恩之处。明朝著名将领洪承畴降清后，就从此门进入，受到皇太极的接见。大清门东侧这处建筑叫祖庙，祖庙是爱新觉罗家族祭祀祖先的地方，因是天子的祖庙也称“太庙”。

顺着大清门北面的御路拾阶而上，台正中便是气势宏伟被称作“金銮殿”的政殿。它建于后金天聪六年（1632年），崇德元年定名为崇政殿。崇政殿为五间九檩硬山式建筑，南北辟有隔扇门，前后是石雕栏杆。殿顶盖为黄琉璃，十分壮观。殿内掾间绘满飞云流水，梁架上全部是“和玺”彩绘，给人以高洁典雅之感。殿内明堂有堂陛，前是金龙蟠柱，柱后有贴金雕龙扇面大屏风和金龙宝座，宝座两侧有鼎式香炉、轩辕镜和太平有象等装饰之物。殿前有大月台，月台东南角有日晷，西南有嘉量亭，都由大理石雕造而成。在月台上还设有四口大缸，都盛满清水以防水灾。古代称它是“门海”，来象征缸中水多似海可扑灭火灾，所以又被称作是“吉祥缸”。因为北方天气寒冷，所以每到冬天，就要在缸底点燃炭火。崇政殿是清太宗日常朝会议政的地方，1636年皇太极的称帝大典及清天聪十年四月“后金”改国号为“大清”的典礼就在这里举行。1644年清迁都北京后，历代皇帝东巡时，都在这里临朝听政。

崇政殿前，东西各有五间厢楼，东为飞龙阁，西为翔凤阁。殿后是一个院落，院正北有一座高约4米的高台，台上是皇太极极其后妃的寝区。沿台阶走上去便是一座金碧辉煌的高楼——凤凰楼。它的原名叫翔凤楼，直到1743年才有凤凰楼之称。凤凰楼是清宁宫的门户，也是皇帝策划军政大事和宴筵之所。它与崇政殿同期建成，康熙二十年重修。楼为三层，是三滴水式建筑。每层深广各三间，周围有回廊，下层的门洞是联络台上台下的道。风凰楼既是后宫的大门，又是整个宫殿建筑的制高点。在楼上观看日出，极为美妙。所以“凤楼晓日”、“凤楼观塔”是沈城著名的景观。凤凰楼正门上额的“紫气东来”金字横匾是乾隆皇帝的御笔。

过了凤凰楼就是太宗皇帝皇太极的后宫了。正中是清宁宫，清宁宫原叫“正宫”，是五间十一檩硬山式建筑。东一间是皇太极和孝端文皇后博尔济吉特氏的寝宫，称暖阁。正中隔一间璧，把寝宫分为南北两室，南北室各有火炕，又称“龙床”。1643年皇太极就在南室“端座无疾而终”，终年52岁，后葬于昭陵。西四间为皇帝祭神、行礼的神堂。清宁宫庭院的东南角有一根朱红色木杆，木杆顶端有锡斗，这木杆叫索伦杆，满族人称它为神杆。锡斗内放米谷碎肉来喂乌鸦。

清宁宫两侧是东西配宫，东配宫有关雎宫、衍庆宫；西配宫有麟趾宫和永福宫。东西配宫均为皇太极和妃子们居住之所。清宁宫西北角有一根由地面垒起，低于屋背的烟囱，人们从正面是看不见的。从清宁宫这一系列建筑中，我们可以发现沈阳故宫的两大建筑特点：一是保存了浓厚的满族特色即口袋房、万字炕、烟囱竖在地面上。二是宫高殿低，清宁宫及其四所配宫均高于皇帝议政的崇政殿和东路的大政殿。这是因为清朝夺取政权前，满族是一个牧猎民族，受生活习惯的影响，把居住的地方建在高处，以防野兽和洪水的侵袭。这与北京故宫恰好相反。

清宁宫高台之后是“后苑”，也叫“御花园”，内有碾磨房、二十八间仓、后宰门等建筑，是皇帝膳食的供给区。并有地下窨道与清宁宫相通。

在崇政殿、清宁宫高台两侧有“东所”、“西所”。东所由南往北依次是颐和殿、介祉宫、敬典阁等。东所是东巡时皇帝后妃给太后请安之处，也皇太后的寝宫和存放实录、玉牒之处；西所由南往北依次是迪光殿、保极殿、继恩斋和崇谟阁等。西所是东巡时皇帝、后妃及子女居住的地方和存放《圣训》、《满文老档》的地方。崇谟阁的建筑形式是别具一格的，它为卷棚式建筑，是在清乾隆年间增建的。

东路是以大政殿为主体，两侧辅以方亭十座，称“十王亭”。大政殿建于努尔哈赤时期，是故宫最早期八角重檐大木架亭子式建筑。大政殿下是高约1.5米的须弥座式台基，周围绕以雕刻精细的荷叶净瓶青石雕。殿身八面均有“斧头眼”式隔扇门，内外排柱40根，正门前有双龙蟠柱。殿顶是十六道五彩琉璃脊，正中是宝瓶火焰珠。殿内有精致的斗拱、藻井天花，梁架上用“和玺”彩绘，上有黄琉璃瓦绿剪边的顶盖。整个建筑显示出极强的美感和庄严秀丽的装饰艺术情趣。大政殿是皇帝举行大型庆典的地方，1643年清世祖福临在此即位。