北京的四合院导游词优秀20篇

直至民国三年，改顺天府为京兆地方，直辖于中央政府北洋政府。这一时期，北京新建了有轨电车系统，和一批现代的文化教育机构，如清华大学、燕京大学、北京大学、辅仁大学、协和医学院等。1937年七七事变后，北平被日本占领。伪中华民国临时政府在此成立，且将北平改名为北京。1945年8月21日，入侵北京的日本军队宣布投降，重新更名为北平。1949年1月31日，中国人民解放军进入北平市，实现对北京的解放。同年9月27日中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议通过《关于中华人民共

和国国都、纪年、国歌、国旗的决议》，北平更名为北京。1949年10月1日，中华人民共和国中央人民政府在北京宣告成立。

北京城不仅汇聚了世界上著名的五大宗教(道教、佛教、伊斯兰教、天主教)，而且这五大宗教建筑和文化也各有特色。比如，现在我们行驶的朝阜路上，短短几公里，就聚居了四个宗教(朝阳门外的东岳庙、东四清真寺、隆福寺、广济寺、历代帝王庙、白塔寺)的建筑，而在北京宣南地区，以北京建城纪念柱为中心的周边地区，可以说聚集了五大宗教的许多著名活动场所。这些场所有：佛教的天宁寺、法源寺、长椿寺;道教的白云观;天主教宣武门教堂(南堂);伊斯兰教牛街礼拜寺;这种“宗教文化区”在世界大城市中是罕见的，体现了东方“和”的文化氛围，体现了北京城市文化的独特魅力，体现了中华民族的伟大凝聚力。

北京是座千年古都，历史上，因长期处于中原与北方民族的交汇处，故而曾融合了众多民族的文化、习俗与语言。久而久之，便产生出了富有本地特色的北京风俗习惯。例如集吃喝玩乐于一体的北京庙会等。

北京的传统节日形式多样、内容丰富，是中华民族悠久历史文化的一个组成部分。从这些流传至今的节日风俗里，可以清晰地看到古代人民社会生活的精彩画面。特色的节日如龙庆峡冰灯艺术节、香山红叶节、白云观庙会、东岳庙庙会等。

青龙峡旅游风景名胜区位于河南省焦作市修武县境内，距焦作市区33公里，面积约108平方公里，由七大游览区共计100多个景点组成。青龙峡景区是我省唯一的峡谷型省级重点风景名胜区，有“中原第一大峡谷”之美称。

青龙峡一年四季风光秀美。

春季的青龙峡，黄花遍地，山花烂漫，蝶去蜂来，争奇斗艳。美丽的连翘沟，神奇的桃花谷，到处都笼罩在一片春意盎然之中。四月，山下已是春夏之交，山上却春意正浓，“早春春来迟”、“暮春春还早”，如果你因什么缘故错过了春天的季节，那么你一定能在五月的青龙峡领略到乍暖还寒的春色美景。

夏季的青龙峡，是中原地区不可多得的避暑胜地。这里，七月最高气温只有29℃，平均气温22℃，夜间气温在15℃左右，气候 凉爽，空气清新，景色秀美，是避暑清夏的胜地。

秋季的青龙峡，万山红遍，层林尽染，红叶如火似霞，一簇簇、一丛丛、宛如红色的海洋，田野山林里，红红的苹果，金黄的柿子，火红的山楂，紫色的桑葚等各种各样的山果伸手可摘，弯腰可拣;极具浓郁地方民俗风情的农家小院里，一吊吊金黄的玉米，一串串火红的辣椒，把青石院落装饰得绚丽多彩。

冬季的青龙峡，是冰的世界，是雪的画卷。冬季进入景区仿佛走进了雪域高原。站在景区观景台上聚目远眺，峡谷上下，惟余莽莽，峰峦沟壑，银装素裹。松柏亭台掩隐在冰雪之下，兽踪鸟影迷失在旷野之中。在这冰雪的世界里，可以踏雪寻梅，亦可坐听雪落，那份宁静、那份闲适，令人陶醉。

“慈禧水道“具有悠久的历史和丰富的文化内涵，始于乾隆，盛于光绪。从乾隆十六年至光绪三十四年慈禧去世，这200多年间，共有乾隆、嘉庆、道光、咸丰、同治、光绪6位皇帝及慈禧太后走过这条水路，积淀了丰富的历史文化内涵。 “慈禧水道“过去是皇家御用河道，其“十里青山行画里，双飞白鸟似江南“的秀美景色，除清代王室外，尚无平民百姓欣赏过。

原为北京供水工程，后被慈禧建成皇家御用河道。奥运前才从新为游客开放。

1、陪同加点的关键是让游客体验当年皇帝的感受、按照慈禧的方法：先坐船然后再坐小画舫和慈禧龙舟，走一走慈禧走过的路。坐船观赏湖光山色，走路参观亭台楼阁，享受一下慈禧的待遇，绝对不能说成坐船去颐和园。

2、颐和园是三分山、七分水、一亩田。慈禧坐马车去时，只能看到颐和园的十分之一。而乘舟游幸，远山似画、如入仙境，游船穿行于亭台楼阁之间，船在云中走，人在画中游。所以慈禧一生曾32次去颐和园，都由此乘船。除慈禧外，还有光绪皇帝、皇后、珍妃及阿哥、格格等才可随驾乘船。慈禧水道上“十里青山行画里，双飞白鸟似江南”的秀美景色，除清朝皇亲国戚外，没人看见过。

3、“慈禧水道”具有悠久的历史和丰富的文化内涵，始于乾隆，盛于光绪。从乾隆十六年至光绪三十四年慈禧去世，这200多年间，共有乾隆、嘉庆、道光、咸丰、同治、光绪6位皇帝及慈禧太后走过这条水路。

4、从光绪三十四年(1908年)慈禧和光绪在同一天驾崩，由于光绪是隆裕皇太后的老公，曾经被慈禧软禁在颐和园玉澜堂，为了回避玉澜堂这个伤心地，隆裕太后宣布永不游幸颐和园。从那时起到2008年，“慈禧水道”正好断航一个世纪。2008年为了迎接外国领队和外国记者，北京市恢复了“慈禧水道”的通航。

5、慈禧水道是慈禧老佛爷每年夏天去颐和园避暑的必经之路。“慈禧水道”游览内容丰富，既可看慈禧生平图片展，又可乘船游慈禧水道，观赏沿途秀丽的风光，上岸后还可换乘慈禧在昆明湖上采莲花用的小画舫和慈禧御用凤舟，在颐和园内沿东堤观昆明湖秀美的湖光山色。

6、慈禧水道主题鲜明，景色秀丽、内容丰富，是短、平、快景点，陪同去颐和园时顺路就可以加点，不浪费时间。慈禧生平图片展内容有乾隆画像、慈禧各年龄段的画像、珍妃、光绪及在慈禧水道坐过船的皇帝、皇后画像，这些图片都是避暑山庄、和故宫博物院的收藏，游客在任何景点都看不见。你们想知道慈禧16岁长什么样子吗?想不想看一看珍妃到底有多漂亮?想不想知道慈禧到底有多少财宝?别的地方都看不到，只能去看慈禧生平图片展览。

7、“慈禧水道”是中国唯一一条皇家专用的水道，除皇帝、皇后、王公贵族之外，寻常百姓不可以在这条河里打鱼、行船或在河边洗衣。慈禧乘船时两岸都是威风凛凛的御林军列队护卫两岸共有八旗前锋营护军7800人，步军兵丁6230人沿河护卫。，百姓们在岸上观看也是滔天大罪，因为皇后、妃子的美丽面容除了皇帝以外，外人看了就是对皇帝的大不敬，是要砍头的。

8由于慈禧水道古时候是皇帝、皇后游览的景点，现在中央领导经常来此观光。一共有28位中央政治局委员来此观光，特别是国务院朱镕基和人大会委员长李鹏，都从这里乘船游览过颐和园，慈禧水道现在是中央领导游览颐和园的重要通道。在北京中央领导都有自己的专用车队，为什么还要坐船呢?就是要看一看两岸的风景，更重要的是体验一下当皇帝的感受。

9、北京皇帝的珍宝成千上万，都是许看不许摸，最有名的皇帝、皇后的遗存有三件，一是太和殿的龙椅，老百姓绝对不能坐，毛泽东都没坐过。二是坤宁宫皇帝大婚用的龙床，三是慈禧水道上的慈禧凤船，现在只有慈禧的凤船游客乘坐。今天大家都可以当一回皇帝，看一看老百姓们看不到的风光，体验一下当皇帝的感受。你们中的男人就是皇帝，女人都是皇后，小朋友可以当一回格格或阿哥。

10、“慈禧水道”是皇帝的龙脉，是北京城的中央水系，元大都和明清北京城都是依此河而修建，上游是玉泉山、昆明湖，中游是北海，中南海和故宫，筒子河和金水桥的河水都来源于此河，下游流向通州和天津，它是北京城的立都之本，没有这条中央水系，就没有今天的北京城。

大家好！我是星星旅行社的导游。

今天能为大家做导游，十分荣幸，我将诚心为大家服务。让我们一起度过这美好的长城之旅吧。

此时，我们已到达目的——八达岭长城。远看长城，它就像一条长龙，在崇峻岭西头之之间盘旋。从东头的山海线关到西头的嘉峪关，有一万三千多里。

长城是世界八大奇迹之一。它是由古代劳动人民的血汗和智慧凝成的，更是中国古代文化的象征。两旁的山上，苍松翠柏，云遮雾障，溪流淙淙，处处都充满了诗情画意，游客们，你向远处看，能发现这段长城分为南北两峰，蜿蜒于山腰之上，景色壮观无比。这段长城的墙身是由巨大的条石筑成的，里面滇满了泥士和石块，因此才那么高大坚固。城墙外有两米多高的垛子，上有瞭望口，下有射击口，供瞭望和射击用。城墙每隔三百多米，还有一个方形垒式的城台。城台有高也有低：低的叫墙台，高的叫敌楼；墙台高度与城墙高度差不多，但突出墙外，四周还有射口，高的是守望和军士住宿的地方。

八达岭海拔一千米，弯弯曲曲的长城如巨龙腾飞于崇山峻岭之上。它不仅是中华民族的血汗和智慧的结晶，也是古代建筑工程的代表，游客们，难道我们不会因长城而感到骄傲吗？

下面来到峰火台，是不与长城相接的建筑。一旦敌人来侵略，就燃峰火通报军情，通报方式还做了相关的规定：敌人百余个，一烟一炮；五百人，两烟两炮；千人以上，三烟三炮；五千人以上，四烟四炮；万人以上，五烟五炮。通过这样的方式，边关的军情就能飞快地传递到皇城内。

游客们，现在长城旅游观光已结束，请大家有序上车返回温暖的家，谢谢！

Now you have come to Changping District, the outer suburb of Beijing. What

you are about to enter is the Ming Tombs scenic area. During this time, I will

explain the historical background and explanation of the Ming Tombs.

Zhu Di, the emperor of Yongle in Ming Dynasty, sent some geomantic warlocks

to Beijing in 1407 to choose "auspicious soil", which is actually auspicious

land to build a mausoleum. At that time, these people looked for many places,

but they were not successful. At first, they chose tujiaying, which was not in

their mouth. However, the emperor's surname was Zhu, who had the same

pronunciation as pig, and made a taboo. Then I chose Yangshan mountain in the

southwest of Changping, but there is a village called "langkouyu" behind it.

Isn't that more dangerous? Later I chose Yanjiatai in the west of Beijing, which

has the same pronunciation as "Yanjia", which is very unlucky. Finally, it was

not until the seventh year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty that the present Tianshou

mausoleum area was selected. There are Mangshan, Huyu, Longshan and Tianshou

mountains around it. This is exactly the location of the four gods in the Yin

Yang and five elements, that is, the East Green Dragon, the west white tiger,

the South rosefinch, the North Xuanwu, and the Wenyu River. It is really a

geomantic treasure land. From this we can see how much energy it took for the

emperor to build a mausoleum for himself.

After that, the construction of Changling began, and it was finally

completed after four years. The emperors of Ming dynasty built mausoleums here

one after another. Moreover, from the construction of Changling in 1409 to the

end of Ming Dynasty in 1644, the construction of Ming Tombs never stopped. In

this area of 40 square kilometers, 13 emperors, 23 queens, many concubines and

princes of the Ming Dynasty were buried. However, it did not survive completely.

After the Qing soldiers entered the pass, in order to revenge the Jin people,

they destroyed the ancestral Tomb of the Qing Taizu, so they burned it here.

Later, in the 50th year of Qianlong, in order to win over the Han people,

they ordered to repair the mausoleum area. After the founding of the people's

Republic of China, large-scale development was carried out here, and the

Changling, Dingling and Zhaoling tombs were opened, among which the underground

palace of Dingling has been excavated. Now it has become a key scenic spot in

China, and is the most well preserved tomb group with the largest number of

emperors buried in the world.

Now you may be thinking: isn't there sixteen emperors in the Ming Dynasty?

Why are there only thirteen emperors' mausoleums here? In fact, the reason is

very simple. Because Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, built his

capital in Nanjing, his mausoleum is in Nanjing, that is, Ming Xiaoling; Jianwen

emperor, the second emperor of Ming Dynasty, was seized the throne by Zhu Di,

and his remains are unknown, so there is no mausoleum here; At the time of

Yingzong, the seventh emperor of Ming Dynasty, he was once encouraged by Wang

Zhen, a eunuch, to lead the army to fight personally. Later, he was captured by

the Wasi army at Tu Tu fort in Huailai, Hebei Province. This event is called

"the change of Tu". A country can't be without a monarch, so his brother was

canonized as emperor Jingtai. Later, Yingzong's "change of seizing the throne"

was staged, so there was no Jingtai in the Ming Tombs Emperor's mausoleum, he

was buried in the western suburbs of jinshankou as a prince. In this way,

everyone must understand why it is called the Ming Tombs.

Now you can see this stone archway along the way, which is the symbol of

the mausoleum area. It was made during the Jiajing period. The archway is 5

rooms, 6 columns and 11 floors. It is 14 meters high and 28.86 meters wide. It

is the largest and most exquisite stone archway preserved in China. The patterns

and decorations on it are also cloud dragon patterns, reflecting the

characteristics of royal architecture.

Dagongmen is the main gate of the mausoleum area, also known as dahongmen.

The gate is southward and has three holes. Inside the gate is the mausoleum

area. On both sides of the gate are inscriptions of "officials waiting to

dismount here", because at that time, it was stipulated that these people had to

walk into the mausoleum area, otherwise they would be punished. Moreover, this

is also a forbidden area. It's not a place where ordinary people can enter at

will. The serious problem is that they have to be beheaded. When you enter this

gate, you will enter the Shinto that runs through the north and south of the

mausoleum and directly leads to the gate of Changling mausoleum. The Shinto of

the Ming Dynasty is also the longest in the imperial mausoleum built in China.

In fact, its main function is to let the emperor's soul pass through, with a

total length of 7 kilometers.

As we walk, we can see a stele Pavilion in front of us. This pavilion is a

building with double eaves on the top of Xieshan mountain. Inside it is a huge

tablet carrying a heavy burden. This is the tablet of praising virtue, a divine

skill of Changling. It was officially established in 1435. On the front is the

tablet of praising virtue written by Zhu gaochi, the eldest son of Emperor

Yongle, with more than 3000 words. On the back is the thirty rhymes of AI Ming

mausoleum written in the 50th year of Qianlong, which records the damage of the

mausoleum in detail. On the east side of the monument is the cost of the Qing

government to repair the mausoleum, and on the west side is the reason for the

collapse of the Ming Dynasty in the ninth year of Jiaqing.

After the stele Pavilion, we continue to walk along the Shinto road. We

will find that there are many stone carvings on both sides of the Shinto road.

In fact, there are 36 stone carvings here, which are called stone carvings. Next

to the pavilion is two stone columns. Next, lions, elephants, camels, elephants,

Kirin and horses. Each has four _, arranged in a sequence of lying down and

standing. Then there were four military officials, four civil officials and four

meritorious officials. These buildings were built to reflect the emperor's honor

guard before his death and his dignity after his death. So the volume is very

large and the carving is very fine. And these also symbolize that the emperor

can be respected in his life, and also in his death. All the sacred, civil and

military officials should be respected for me.

Further on, you can see a Lingxing gate, also known as Longfeng gate, which

means Tianmen. In the middle of the three doors and six pillars, there are three

flame pearls, so it is also called flame archway.

In fact, we have been marching along the Shinto all the time. Let's review,

first the stone archway, then the grand palace gate. Now we are going to enter

Changling. Stele Pavilion, stone elephant life, after the dragon and Phoenix

gate, there is still a long way to reach the Changling mausoleum gate. In fact,

the central axis of the whole mausoleum group is the Shinto, which runs through

the north and south of the mausoleum, with a total length of 7 kilometers.

As for the Changling mausoleum, it is the first mausoleum among the Ming

Tombs. It was built in 1409 and completed in 1416. It is the joint Tomb of

Emperor Zhu Di and empress Xu of Yongle, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Di

was the fourth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty. When Zhu

Yuanzhang died, Zhu Di sent troops from Beiping to capture Nanjing in the name

of Jingnan, and won the throne from Zhu Yunwen, the emperor at that time, and

changed his name to Yongle. This event was called the battle of Jingnan in

history.

Zhu Di was a great emperor. After he became emperor, he still fought for

years in order to consolidate the rule of Ming Dynasty, and made a major

decision to move the capital to Beijing in 1420. During the Ming Dynasty under

his rule, the National Treasury was abundant and the political situation was

stable. He also ordered people to write Yongle Dadian, the largest book in

Chinese history. He sent Zheng He to the West seven times and developed friendly

relations among countries. His wife, empress Xu Da, the daughter of Xu Da, the

founder of the Ming Dynasty, is also a woman with Chinese classical beauty. She

once wrote "neixun" and "Quanshan" to cultivate people's minds. She died after

five years of illness. It is worth mentioning that the first person buried in

Changling was not Zhu Di, but empress Xu. Changling covers an area of 10

hectares. Its central axis consists of Lingen gate, Lingen hall, minglou,

Baocheng and Baoding. There are three entrances to the mausoleum. The first

entrance is from the gate of the mausoleum to the gate of the mausoleum. You can

see a small stele Pavilion on both sides of the mausoleum. However, there were

no words on it at that time. Now the words are written by Emperor Shunzhi of the

Qing Dynasty.

Lingen hall is located in the second courtyard of the mausoleum. It was

built in 1412 in the 14th year of Yongle of Ming Dynasty. It is the place where

memorial tablets and sacrificial activities are held. It is nine rooms wide and

five rooms deep. It is a building with double eaves and veranda. There are 60

nanmu pillars in the hall, and the diameter of the four pillars in the middle is

more than one meter. It is the best nanmu hall in China. There was originally a

large Buddhist niche in Lingen hall, but now it is no longer there. Instead,

there is a sitting statue of Emperor Yongle made by later generations. You can

take a look around the back of the statue. You can see that there is a dragon

carved on the back of the chair, and the dragon head is facing the head of

Emperor Wanli, which indicates that the emperor is the real dragon emperor. All

around are exhibitions of unearthed cultural relics.

Behind the middle hall is the back hall. It is the largest hall in the

underground palace. It is 9.5 meters tall, 31 meters long and 9.1 meters wide.

The ground is paved with polished mottled stones. In the back hall, there is a

coffin bed with white stone edge. There is a long square hole in the center, and

the middle is filled with loess, which is the first shovel of loess when

choosing the tomb. It is called Jinjing, which is the basic point of the

architectural pattern of the whole mausoleum. Jade burial refers to placing jade

around and inside the coffin or in the mouth of the dead. The reason for this is

that the ancients believed that Jinjing could communicate with Yin and Yang and

exchange life, while jade burial could keep the corpse from rotting. Jinjing

jade burial was the highest level funeral in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Of course,

these are the ideals of the ancients, without any scientific basis. On the

coffin bed are the coffins of Emperor Wanli and two empresses, as well as 26

wooden boxes for funerary objects.

According to the rules of the emperor's mausoleum, the back hall is only

used to place the emperor's coffins. Why do the two empresses' coffins also

appear here? This phenomenon is not clearly recorded in the historical

materials, but according to experts' speculation: in the 48th year of Wanli,

first empress Xiaoduan died, then Emperor Wanli died in July, and his son Zhu

Changluo died 29 days after he ascended the throne In the case of Hongwan, two

emperors, a queen and empress Xiaojing were killed in this short hundred days,

and they had to be moved and buried. Such a huge task was put on the Emperor Zhu

Youxiao who had just ascended the throne, so the preparations were very

hasty.

Moreover, it was the rainy season at that time, so it was not convenient to

open the Queen's side hall, so the coffins of the emperor and queen entered

through the main door. But when I got to the underground palace, I found that

the corridor of the side hall was too narrow for the Queen's coffin to enter, so

I had to put them into the back hall. Now you can understand what the decoration

of the coffin in the underground palace is like. Well, now please follow me out

of the underground palace.

With the end of the visit to the Ming Tombs, our trip to the Ming Tombs is

coming to an end. I believe everyone will sigh for this huge imperial mausoleum

group. With the continuous development of cultural relics protection in China,

the state has invested a lot of money to repair the Ming Tombs, and this grand

Imperial Mausoleum will be preserved forever. At the same time, I also hope you

can leave a good impression on this place. You are welcome to visit again next

time.

老北京人居住于传统的建筑——四合院，四合院内所保留的民俗文化，让人真切地感受到中华传统文化的深厚久远。

北京四合院以它神奇的魅力获得了“建筑上璀璨的明珠”的美称。民间流传着这样一句话，没有见过北京四合院，就没有真正领略到建筑艺术的魅力。

居住于四合院的是老北京人世世代代的习惯。老北京先民崇尚方形，认为方形是吉祥如意，平安幸福的象征，所以四合院为“口”形，四合院完全封闭。一般四合院内比较宽敞，一家人在里面种植花草树木，养殖鸟儿，鱼儿。生活悠闲自在，优哉游哉。在春天里，院子里充满生气，一切是那么美好，这时你就仿佛进入仙境一般。

北京四合院之所以有那么多美称，是因为在建造院子的时候，许多细致的.雕刻蕴含着民族智慧和丰富的文化底蕴。如门壁上雕刻着一朵鲜艳娇美的牡丹，这是祖辈希望子孙能像牡丹那样展示自己的才华!院子里种植着月季花，是因为通过月季花象征吉祥如意。瞧这难道不是透露着民族传统和古代建筑的典雅的韵味吗?

另外，老北京有个风俗习惯：一家盖房，全城帮忙。当一家盖成四合院后，大家要一块去祝福，放起了鞭炮，随着一阵阵的鞭炮声，大家的欢声笑语更响亮了，显得格外喜气洋洋。

的确，老北京的四合院就是这样，显示出古典的韵味。

各位游客，大家好!欢迎你们在这金风送爽的日子里，来到举世闻名的故宫。我是你们的导游小李，这次由我全程为大家讲解和服务。请大家注意安全，保持景区清洁。

大家往前走，你们的正前面就是故宫了。故宫又名紫禁城，位于北京市中心，这里曾居住过24个皇帝，是明清两代的皇宫。故宫的整个建筑金碧辉煌，庄严绚丽，被誉为世界五大宫之一。故宫的整个建筑被两道坚固的防线围在中间，城墙上开有4门，南有午门，北有神武门，东有东华门，西有西华门，城墙四角还耸立着4座角楼，玲珑剔透，造型别致，为中国古建筑中的杰作。

看，我们的正前面就是太和殿。太和殿俗称金銮殿，为故宫“三大殿”之首，建立在五米高的汗白玉台基上，台基四周矗立着雕龙石柱。这是宫殿群中最大的建筑。殿高36米，宽63米，面积约为2380平方米。大殿正中两米高的台子上是金漆雕龙宝座，富丽堂皇。明清两代皇帝即位、诞辰以及春节、冬至等庆典，均在此举行。

大家继续往前走，马上到达的就是保和殿了。保和殿位于中和殿之后，是故宫“三大殿”之一。保和殿高29米每年除夕和元宵，皇帝在此宴请王公贵族和文武大臣，保和殿东西两侧的庑房现改为历代艺术陈列馆，陈列有从原始社会到清代约六千年的中华艺术瑰宝，大家可以仔细看看，不要用手触摸。

请游客们随我走，在坤宁宫北面的是御花园，原名宫后苑。御花园里有高耸的松柏、珍贵的花木、山石和亭阁。占地11000多平方米，有建筑20余处,每年重阳节帝后在此登高。可以说是保存的古亭中最为华丽的花园了。大家可以在这里休息会儿，不要乱扔垃圾。

美好的时光总是过得很快!参观马上就要结束了，愿这次旅途给大家带来了美好的回忆，谢谢各位配合!

亲爱的游客朋友们：

我是河南油田虹桥旅行社的殷导游。今天由我来带着大家游览长城。

游客们请注意了。我们正前方就是长城。远看长城，它像一条长龙在崇山峻岭之间蜿蜒盘旋。长城全长一万三千多里。

游客们，现在我们站在长城上，那就让我来给大家讲一下长城的结构吧!这一段长城修筑在八达岭上。八达岭地势险峻。可长城却是高大坚固。城墙外沿有两米多高的垛子，垛子上有方形的瞭望口和射口。大家看!这座方形的堡垒。打仗时屯兵们可以相互呼应。

站在长城上，踏着脚下的方砖，很自然地想起古代修筑长城的劳动人民来。不知道大家听说过孟姜女哭长城这个传说没有：相传秦始皇时，劳役繁重，青年男女范喜良、孟姜女新婚三天，新郎就被迫出发修筑长城。不久因饥寒劳累而死，尸骨被埋在长城墙下日复一日，年复一年。孟姜女既着急又担心。日子一天比一天冷。孟姜女身背寒衣，历尽艰辛，万里寻夫来到长城边，得到的却是丈夫的噩耗。她痛哭城下，三日三夜不止，城为之崩裂，露出范杞梁尸骸，孟姜女于绝望之中投海而死。这个故事体现了古代劳动人民的`智慧和才干。

今天我们就参观到这，请大家把自己的垃圾装到塑料袋里，带走。希望今天成为您美好的回忆。

各位游客：

大家好!

很高兴成为你们的导游，我姓陈，大家叫我陈导就可以，我会尽自己全力为你们服务。

故宫位于北京市城区中心，是明、清两代的皇宫，是当今世界上现存规模最大、建筑最雄伟、保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿。故宫又叫紫禁城。紫禁城是中国五个多世纪以来的最高权力中心，它以园林景观和容纳了家具及工艺品的9000个房间的庞大建筑群，成为明清时代中国文明无价的历史见证。1987年，北京故宫被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》。

北京故宫有很多古老的殿，有太和殿、中和殿、保和殿……

现在我们来到了故宫中最重要的院落——太和殿及其广场，这里就是皇家举行盛大典礼的地方。太和殿象征皇权的至高无上，太和殿俗称金銮殿，是我国现存木结构大殿的杰出典范之作。太和殿始建于公元1420年，当时叫奉天殿。后来，该叫皇极殿。清顺治皇帝登基后，重修三大殿，并将皇极殿改为太和殿。

太和殿高装饰用的彩绘为最高等级的金龙和玺。殿顶形式为最高等级的重檐庑殿顶，就连大殿正脊上的吻兽也是我国目前最大的，总之处处显示“第一”，那是皇帝认为“老子天下第一”思想的体现。

好!这里可以拍远处太和殿的全景，各位可以在此留个影。

各位朋友，北京故宫到处都有美丽的景色说也说不尽，希望你们细细游赏、拍照。但是要注意不要乱扔垃圾那些，祝你们玩得开心!

大家好，我叫吴文倩，大家叫我吴导吧!此刻我们要游览举世无双的北京故宫。

你们看，我们来到了雄伟的故宫，故宫又称紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫;故宫是世界上规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群，为我们国家最大的古建筑群。它使建于明永乐(公元1406年)，14年才完工呢，有24位皇帝在此登基。“好了，我们此刻准备去大殿里，请游客朋友们跟上队伍，千万别掉队，否则走丢了，就找不到我们了!”好，此刻跟随我进入大殿，故宫有三座大殿：太和殿，中和殿和保和殿。大殿建在汉白玉砌成的8米高的台基上，远望犹如神话的琼宫仙阙。太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑，俗称“金銮殿”，是皇上举行大典的地方，这座殿高28米，东西63米，西北35米，有直径达1米的大柱92根，其中6根围绕御座的沥粉金漆的潘龙柱。御座设在殿内高2米的台上，前有造型，美观的仙鹤，炉，鼎，后面精雕细刻的围屏。整个大殿装饰得金碧辉煌，庄严绚丽。

中和殿是皇上去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方，保和殿是每年除夕皇帝赐宴外潘王公的场所。游客朋友们先休息一下，观赏下这三个大殿，能够摸一摸，等下我们去内延，以乾清宫，交泰殿，坤宁宫为中心，东西两翼有东六宫和西六宫，是皇上平日办事和妃子居住的地方。“好，今日的活动到此结束!祝大家玩得开心”

北京四合院在元朝的时候已经出现了，至今已经有一千多年的历史。主要分布在北京的小巷里，还有一小部分在北京城外。而随着之后的朝代变化，四合院逐渐越来越少。

所谓“四合”，就是一个院子四面都有房屋。这些房屋一般是高四米，宽八米。而这四间房屋围起来的中央就是四户人家的公共庭院。这个庭院有一个篮球场般大，十分宽敞。如果在这个院子里再建造一间房屋的话，位置绝对绰绰有余。四合院的结构以木构为主，砖木结构，重量非常地轻。如果遇上地震和炮火的爆炸，很少可以震倒。四合院之所以出名，是因为它还有一个独特之处：这种住宅适合北方的气候条件，虽然它的通风采光均欠理想，但是四间房屋各自独立，彼此之间有走廊连接。像当时有钱人住的公馆一样，房间之间相通，但四合院比公馆小一点。

关于北京四合院的民俗很有趣。当时的人都很迷信，总是习惯把自家大门开向东南方，因为传说“巽者”在东南方向，而把大门向着东南方向就是等于开“巽门”，寓意钱财滚滚而来。这是根据风水学决定的。因此，把门开向东南方也成了一种有趣的民俗。

北京四合院在中国住宅历史上具有典型性和代表性，历史底蕴无比深厚。虽然它们已经越来越少，但它们的历史地位却不可撼动。北京四合院让人感受到中华民族传统文化的伟大。

只见李莲英心中有数，不慌不忙地说道：“太后息怒，请您后殿御览。”慈禧太后慢慢悠悠转到三世佛后，果见一慈眉善目的观世音坐在莲花台上，此寺方丈住持，还有慈禧的文武大臣也都早在李莲英的安排之下，聚集在这里。与此同时，李莲英突然喊道：“老佛爷到!”其他人即刻跪伏高呼：“恭迎老佛爷!”

慈禧是何等聪明，见状便明白了一大半儿，但她仍故作不解：“你们迎接的是哪位老佛爷呀?”下边一片拍马屁之声：“就是迎接太后您老佛爷呀!”“您就是当今救苦救难的观世音菩萨啊!”“如今先皇晏驾，新皇尚幼，国不可一日无主，臣民们请您垂帘料理朝政，您可要救庶民于水火之中啊!”把慈禧拍得跟沙丁鱼罐头似的，连骨头都酥了。

自此，“万寿寺双佛显圣”的故事便越传越神，老佛爷这个称呼更是从万寿寺传遍京城，举国上下，都称慈禧为“太后老佛爷”。这为慈禧的夺权制造了不小的舆论声势。

据说这个观世音正是李莲英让人按慈禧的模样塑造而成的，如今拿来慈禧留下的老照片与佛像对比，还真是颇为神似。后来慈禧由于对此观世音非常赏识，还穿上了寺里方丈为她准备的观音衣服，李莲英扮作韦驮，俩人在这个佛像前照了张像，相片流传至今。

由此发迹之后，慈禧对于万寿寺有了一种特殊的感情，把她当成了自己的福地。光绪十四年起，慈禧太后挪用海军军费重新修好颐和园之后，她为了方便自己去颐和园，又疏浚了一条水道。颐和园是三分山、七分水、一亩田。可谓山水结合，动静相宜。而慈禧坐马车去时，只能看到颐和园的四分之一。乘舟游幸就大不相同，远山似画、如入仙境，游船穿行于亭台楼阁之间，船在云中走，人在画中游。而那条被称为“慈禧水道”的水系，就从万寿寺门前经过，万寿寺也就理所应当被选为慈禧出游的行宫。

据统计，慈禧一生曾32次去颐和园。按照慈禧太后出游的排场，这座万寿寺在光绪初年作为行宫标准也太低了。因此光绪一朝，万寿寺几次扩建，一度成为京西第一大寺。据工作人员介绍，现在开放的部分只是万寿寺原规模的一半，东路的许多房产还没有彻底腾退出来。不知道如果完全恢复，万寿寺会是怎样壮观的场景。

如今从万寿寺门前仍可以乘船行舟，并且路线全如当年慈禧行走的一样。而当年除慈禧外，只有阿哥、格格级别以上才可随驾乘船，游览景色。慈禧水道上“十里青山行画里，双飞白鸟似江南”的秀美景色，老百姓根本无缘得见。清朝时甚至严禁百姓在此河道上垂钓、打鱼，据《清实录》记载，慈禧画舫经过时，两岸共有八旗前锋营护军7800人，步军兵丁6230人沿河护卫。甚至人们站在岸边观看都是滔天大罪，因为皇后和妃子的美丽容貌，百姓们看到了就是对皇帝的大不敬，是要被砍头的。

光绪三十四年，光绪和慈禧几乎在同一天驾崩。国运衰则百事哀，因光绪皇帝曾被慈禧软禁在颐和园内，隆裕太后于1908年下懿旨：永不游幸颐和园。慈禧水道从此断航。

如今的万寿寺已变成了北京艺术博物馆。因此您来到这里，不仅可以享受到佛国风光，还可以尽赏北京地区出土或是流传的文物精品。展览主要包括历代书法和绘画，碑帖及名人书札，宫廷织绣，宫室瓷器，古代家具，历代钱币及玺印等。这里还收藏了上自宋代下至民国的古籍图书十余万册，可谓包罗万象。其中唐吐鲁番佛教布画、北魏鎏金造像、元代白瓷观音和乾隆捻线绣宗喀巴大师像等都是稀世珍品。而大殿内现正进行毛家湾遗址瓷片展览，自唐至明中期历时900余年的瓷器标本，无一不有。

上文提到的慈禧水道，如今花二三十元，都可享受到当年老佛爷的待遇。航行时间单程为45分钟，包括万寿寺、北京展览馆后湖、玉渊潭在内的几座码头，您可以就近上下船游览，前一秒看完老北京的美景，下一秒就是新北京，然后又梦回清朝，真是不亦乐乎。

猜你感兴趣的：

大家好，我姓毛，你们叫我毛导游，也可以叫我小毛。今天，我们要游览的地方是—故宫。

大家可以看到现在，那座耸立在台阶以上的三层建筑物就是故宫。故宫，又称紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫，故宫是世界是现存规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群，为我国现存最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群。它始建于明永乐四年(公元1460年)，厉时十四年才完工，共有24位皇帝先后在此登基。历史很悠久，请细细观赏。无与伦比的古代建筑杰作

紫禁城占地72万多平方米，共有宫殿9000多间，都是木结构、黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。

这些宫殿是沿着一条南北向中轴线排列，并向两旁展开，南北取直，左右对称。这条中轴线不仅贯穿在紫禁城内，而且南达永定门，北到鼓楼、钟楼，贯穿了整个城市，气魄宏伟，规划严整，极为壮观。建筑学家们认为故宫的设计与建筑，实在是一个无与伦比的杰作，它的平面布局，立体效果，以及形式上的雄伟、堂皇、庄严、和谐，都可以说是上罕见的。它标志着我们祖国悠久的文化传统，显示着五百多年前匠师们在建筑上的卓越成就，怎么样，很佩服吧!

我们接着看。故宫里最吸引人的建筑是三座大殿：太和殿、中和殿和保和殿。它们 都建在汉白玉砌成的8米高的台基上，远望犹如神话中的琼宫仙阙。第一

座大殿太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑，俗称“金銮殿”，是皇帝举行大典的 地方，殿高28米，东西63米，南北35米，有直径达1米的大柱92根，其中6

根围绕御座的是沥粉金漆的蟠龙柱。御座设在殿内高2米的台上，前有造型 美观的仙鹤、炉、鼎，后面有精雕细刻的围屏。整个大殿装饰得金碧辉煌，

庄严绚丽。中和殿是皇帝去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方。 保和殿是每年除夕皇帝赐宴外藩王公的场所。

跟大家说，游览故宫，一是欣赏丰富多彩的建筑艺术;二是观赏陈列于室内的珍 贵的文物。故宫博物院藏有大量珍贵文物，据统计总共达1052653件之多，

统称有文物100万件，占全国文物总数的1/6，其中有很多是绝无仅有的国 宝。在几个宫殿中设立了历代艺术馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆等，爱好艺术的人

在这些无与伦比的艺术品前，往往久久不忍离去。设在故宫东路的珍宝馆， 展出各种奇珍异宝。

现在，天色也慢慢暗了下来，玩了一天了，相信大家也累了。我们先去吃饭，再去宾馆里好好休息，明天再让我给大家导游，再见。

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到北京旅游，我是你们的导游__。

俗话说“先有什刹海，后有北京城”，又被称为“后海”的北京什刹海历来是老北京人休闲娱乐的好去处。因其环境优美，且民俗风韵十足，两百余年来吸引了众多的官宦、名家甚至方外之人来此或修府第，或建庙宇，更为什刹海增添了深厚的文化底蕴。

现而今，北京的都市味越来越浓了，能看到老北京旧时民风的地方也越来越少了，可就在这什刹海，依然能够听到秋日里清脆的虫鸣，依然能能看见老北京四合院建筑群的缩影，依然能够咀嚼京味文化旅游节就要在这里开幕了。“游什刹海，看老北京”，品茗、荡舟、游王府、逛胡同，更有那纯正的京腔京韵，使什刹海大放异彩。

宋庆龄故居

醇亲王府醇亲王府位于后海北岸，府邸分为正院、住院、花园及马圈四部分。另外在府后建有醇贤亲祠堂一所，占地共约八十余亩。特别是府内的西花园有着相当悠久的历史。国家名誉主席宋庆龄先生故居就建在醇亲王府的西花园，她在这里工作、生活了18年，给这座古色古香的园林留下了许多痕迹，增添了不少亮色。

康熙年间，明珠的府邸花园正是坐落于此。园中假山、竹林、小桥错落有致，南楼前临水有“明开夜合”树七株，其中两株二百余年前的古木，据说是明珠长子纳兰性德亲手所植。年轻的纳兰性德常常邀集北京的文人名士相聚于此吟诗填词，今日立身树下，思古之情油然而生，眼前仿佛人影依稀，耳畔边似回响着当年的唱吟之声，“阶前双叶合，枝叶敷华荣”。后来明珠获罪，这府花园又被和坤所占，嘉庆即位后，花园和附近的府邸一起被赐予成亲王，并特许成亲王引后海水入园。现在我们看到的“恩波亭”就是成亲王时修建的，平安石上“岁岁平安”四字便出自成亲王之手。光绪年间，这座府邸又赐给了“光绪”的生父醇亲王，其在成亲王府的基础上添改修缮，建成醇亲王府。

尊敬的游客们，大家好!我 是你们的导游，我叫李薇妃，你们可以叫我李导游。欢迎您来到长城游玩，本次的长城一游，就由我来带领大家。希望您玩得开心，玩得满足。

接下来，我先向大家介绍一下长城的大概情况。长城远远望去就像一条长龙，在崇山峻岭之间蜿蜒盘旋。它全长一万三千多里，是世界上独一无二的奇观。我们今天游览的是修筑在八达岭上的一段长城。

这段长城高大坚固，是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的，城墙顶上每隔三百米的地方就会有一座“烽火台”，也就是长方形的城台。

在秦始皇修筑长城时，动用了百万之众，想当初，古代劳动人民艰苦劳动，才把那重达千斤的条石、城砖抬上来。因此，为了尊重古代劳动人民，我提几点要求：1.不要乱涂乱画。2.不要乱扔垃圾。3.不要破坏建筑物。

长城，用“绝无仅有”，“独一无二”来形容一点也不过分。您登上长城后，您就会领略到长城的雄伟、壮观!接下来，请游客们在长城里自由活动一个小时，祝大家玩的开心!

看了“北京万里长城导游词

北京清，有十帝王的王子封了王位，有亲王、郡王封号的有七十个。

为了显示他们的特殊地位和便于管理，清王府一般都设在内城。

“铁帽王府”。清初对入关有功的8家王爵，封为世袭罔替，俗称“铁帽王”，他们的王府就叫铁帽王府，共有8处，5处在西城，三处在东城。

以后又封了几个铁帽王，共12个世袭罔替王爵。

北京有两个恭亲王，一个是顺治皇帝的第五子常宁，府址在今东四十条。

另一个是道光皇帝的第六子奕_，1852年将原庆王府转赐奕_，此处原是和珅宅，位于前海西街17号，这个恭王府是保护得最好的一个王府。

恭王府位于前海西街17号，是清规模最大的一座王府，据说恭王府总面积为一百多亩。相当于中山公园，这是至今保存最好的一座王府，曾是和珅的宅邸。

1996年10月起开放的只是恭王府的后花园，占地9亩，但其规模已经是非常可观的。

恭王府分中东西三路，分别由多过四合院组成，后为长160米的二层后罩楼。

恭王府假山，此假山是用糯米浆砌筑成的，非常坚固，山上置两口缸，缸底有管子通到假山上，通过往缸中灌水的办法来增加院中的湿度，过去整个假山上都长满了青苔。

假山正中有一康熙皇帝为其母祝寿写的“福”字碑，这是恭王府的“三绝”之一，碑石长7.9米，贯穿整修假山。

垂花门，因门上有两个倒垂的花卉而得名，门前的两棵龙瓜槐在和珅居住时就有，这种树比较珍贵。

垂花门内的牡丹院，院中有紫藤萝架。 院子正中造形呈蝙蝠形状的小湖。

在清的北京，往住宅中引入活水，是要经皇帝特批的，恭亲王府是少有的几个享此殊荣的王府之一。

西式门，据说在当时在北京只有3个。这也是恭王府的三绝之一，另一绝是戏楼和福字碑。

花院门内的假山石，起到影壁的作用， 名称为“独乐峰”。

嘉庆四年正月初三(1799年2月7日)太上皇弘历归天，次日嘉庆褫夺了和珅军机大臣、九门提督两职，抄了其家，估计全部财富约值白银八亿两，相当于国库十几年的总收入，所以有“和珅跌倒，嘉庆吃饱”的说法，2月22日和珅被“赐令自尽”。

China GuDou como de beijing, uno de los siete ubicuo de reliquias de reliquias, es el patrimonio mundial con más de 6 kilómetros (la ciudad;) El número de paisajes, también para la apertura al exterior nacional más de 200 kilómetros de turismo hasta paisajes, la más grande del mundo, de la ciudad prohibida TianTan JiTian templo del palacio del mar del norte, el jardín real, real, y YiHeYuan realizarán BaDaLing de la gran muralla y MuTianYu de la gran muralla, la más grande del mundo, GongWangFu libro de monumentos históricos.

En beijing, el paisaje de la historia cultural abarca, naturalmente, arte, etc., en todas las esferas de turismo tiene casi en cada distrito, de los cuales candentes de beijing es menos tricíclicos orgullosos de la distribución demográfica, la mayoría aquí; Alrededor de los distritos alrededor de paisajes naturales, principalmente en el norte, de los cuales, hay que YanQing, MiYun huairou mundialmente conocida, en el lado oeste de la gran muralla de ChangPing, HaiDian, MenTouGou, mientras los FangShan más de cañón.

Beijing, China es LiuChao GuDou, la historia se remonta a los tiempos antiguos, más completo y que conserva edificios antiguos pautas. Beijing, la capital de la república popular China es, sencillamente, beijing es político, cultural e internacional de China en el centro de beijing, así como de los intercambios con los antiguos pintoresco paisaje, moderna y humanidades, que tienen su amplia cultura esmero.

La superficie de la ciudad de beijing, en el norte 16807,8 kilómetros cuadrados, hay que JunDouShan, y porque en el oeste en la frontera norte de beijing es DongLingShan 2303 metros de altura exponencialmente. En MiYun embalses y embalses y huairou ShiSanLing embalses; Hay otros ChaoBaiHe, el norte de YongDingHe, base del canal, y al ShangHe cinco de drama.

A DaLiuXing templado clima de beijing, durante la temporada de los monzones: el sexo, en la primavera de FengSha penetrante ligeramente las temperaturas bajas. El verano tórrido, tiene las duchas. El otoño, el día muy soleado, la moderación de alta de gas, es el oro de turismo sangría; la temporada Pero ZaoWan más frío, al mediodía ShenQiu más caliente. Durante el invierno, el frío clima seco, y menos nieve.

No puedo perder turista a beijing con características de beijing el sabor MingChi milenaria historia y merendar. MingChi tiene ShuanYangRou, cortés, pato lacado platos.

Beijing WangMaZi cuchillo corta: nuestra especialidad, ann NiuHuang bolo, en el palacio de LiGao de otoño, GuoFu conservas, galletas, seis FuLing atrapado en bing, JiangCai. Producción: hay JingBaiLi, Shi cubrir LiangXiang castaña, espino, XiaoZao, MiYun, nogal, damasco.

广场西侧是人民大会堂，它是为庆祝中华人民共和国成立10周年而建的。1958年破土动工，1959年国庆前完工，是五十年代十大建筑之一。人民大会堂平面呈“山”字形，中央最高处46.5米，是天安门广场中最高的建筑，它的建筑面积超过了故宫的建筑面积。大会堂四周共有廊柱134根，其中东侧正门有廊柱12根，每根高度25米，直径2米。均用天然大理石镶砌。门额上国徽直径4米，重达2吨。人民大会堂主要分为三个部分：南部为全国人大常委会办公区;中部是万人大礼堂，可容纳一万人举行会议;北部是宴会厅，可容纳五千人的宴会和一万人的酒会，是我国最大的宴会厅。

广场东侧是中国国家博物馆。2003年2月28日正式挂牌成立，是五十年代十大建筑之一。国家博物馆的南半部是中国历史博物馆，里面的基本陈列是“中国通史”，时间从170万年前的元谋人开始，一直到清王朝灭亡;北半部是中国革命博物馆，里面收藏的是自1840年____战争以来的近代和现代文物。其中珍品有：林则徐虎门销烟的奏折、清宣统皇帝的退位诏书、开国大典时升起的第一面五星红旗等。

俗话说得好，没到故宫等于没到北京。今年暑假我来到了北京，游玩了故宫。故宫，又称紫禁城，它是世界上保存最好的古建筑群。它的历史悠久，始健于明永乐年间。现在大部分文物保存完好。它的存在表现了古代人民的勤劳和无限高尚的智慧。也集中体现了当时建筑业，雕刻业，运输业的无限发达。

今年暑假，我怀着高兴的心情去游故宫，游完故宫我有一个体会，游故宫就等于看房子。相传，故宫有一万间房子。经过几百年的变迁，故宫中有些房子由于没得到修缮，早已不复存在了。现在存在的房子只有八千多间了。这些房子以天安门，端门，午门等门为中心轴，轴中是许多大殿。大殿两边是东西宫。可见，故宫是非常磅大的。

老祖宗留下来的故宫，现已成为世界文物重点保护单位。国家已把它设为旅游区。许多国内外游客都来此参观。看完故宫，脑袋里回荡着两个字——皇权!

The Ming Tombs are located at the foot of Tianshou mountain in Changping

District of Beijing. There are 13 Ming emperors buried here, so they are called

Ming Tombs. From the seventh year of Yongle (1409) to the early year of Shunzhi

in Qing Dynasty, the construction of Changling was 200 years. The Ming Tombs

system is completed with a large scale, which is the most complete mausoleum

group in the world with many emperors buried. In 2003, the Ming Tombs were

listed in the "Century Heritage List" by UNESCO, becoming a must visit place for

Chinese and foreign tourists to Beijing.

There are sixteen emperors in the Ming Dynasty. Why is there only the Ming

Tombs? That's because there are three emperors in the Ming Dynasty who are not

buried here. One is the founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, the second Emperor Zhu

Yunwen, and the other is the king Tai Emperor Zhu Qiyu. Zhu Di, the third

emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was the first to build a mausoleum in Beijing.

In July of the fifth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1407), the empress

Xu of Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, died. Zhu Di ordered Zhao Dan,

the Minister of rites, and Liao Junqing, a Jiangxi warlock, to build a mausoleum

in Beijing. Finally, the area around louziying of kangjiazhuang in Changping

District today was selected as the site of the mausoleum and reported to the

emperor. After Zhu Di personally inspected the site, he was very satisfied. He

named the mountain "Tianshou mountain" and chose "auspicious day of the Yellow

Road" to start the construction of the mausoleum.

From the seventh year of Yongle to the second year of Xuande (1409-1427),

it took 18 years to complete the mausoleum. Empress Xu was buried first, and

then Zhu Di himself. Zhu Di named his mausoleum "Changling", which is the "first

mausoleum" of the Ming Tombs.

The follow-up decoration of Changling is not over. In the Jiajing period of

Ming Dynasty, Zhu Houfu ordered to build the Shinto of Changling. Large stone

archways and stele towers on Shinto were built one after another. So it took

more than 130 years for Changling to be built. The Shinto of the Changling

mausoleum was completed in turn with the mausoleums of the successive emperors

of the Ming Dynasty, and became the main Shinto of the Ming Tombs.

After the Qing Dynasty entered the GATT, it encountered great difficulties

in ruling the country, so the imperial court took many measures to ease the

people's fierce resistance. For example, the postponement of shaving and

changing clothes, the restoration of imperial examination, the reuse of Han

officials, and the management of Ming Dynasty mausoleum.

During the reign of Kangxi, every time Emperor Kangxi visited the south, he

would go to Nanjing's Xiaoling of Ming Dynasty to offer sacrifices to Zhu

Yuanzhang. He also went to the right side of the Shinto of Xiaoling of Ming

Dynasty (the left side was the top in ancient times) to show his respect for Zhu

Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of Ming Dynasty. During the reign of Yongzheng,

Emperor Yongzheng made a wish for his son to become his father, aiming to find

the direct descendants of the Ming emperor. When you find it, you'll be the

official. During the reign of Qianlong, Emperor Qianlong granted the descendants

of the Zhu royal family first-class yan'en marquis. In addition, the Qing

government set up a special envoy, namely eunuch guarding the mausoleum, to be

responsible for specific related matters. The tomb owners are responsible for

taking care of the cemetery buildings and the trees in the cemetery area.

During the period of the Republic of China, the last generation of yan'en

Marquis was Zhu YuXun. Because of his laziness and self-discipline, the

government of the Republic of China removed him from all his duties related to

the custody of the mausoleum area, and from then on, yan'en Hou withdrew from

the stage of history.

Now the Ming Tombs, under the protection and repair of the government, have

restored part of the landscape. The whole mausoleum is composed of thirteen

mausoleums: Chang, Xian, Jing, Yu, Mao, Tai, Kang, Yong, Zhao, Ding, Qing, de

and Si, which are arranged at the foot of Tianshou mountain. On the left is

Mangshan, which is a symbol of green dragon, and on the right is Huyu, which is

a symbol of white tiger. In front of the mountain, there is a small stream,

which forms a pool in the southeast. This is the famous Ming Tombs reservoir.

There are also 23 queens, one imperial concubine, dozens of people who died in

the funeral palace, seven imperial concubine tombs and one eunuch tomb.

As tourist attractions, four of them are open to the outside world. They

are Changling Shinto, Changling, Dingling and Zhaoling. I'm going to talk about

Changling today.

The owner of Changling tomb is Zhu Di, the third emperor of Ming Dynasty

and the fourth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty. He was born in

1360 and died in 1424.

Zhu Di's life was full of ups and downs. At the age of 11, he was granted

the title of king of Yan. At the age of 17, he married Xu Da's eldest daughter,

the Xu family. At the age of 21, he took office in Beiping (that is, Beijing)

and became the highest chief executive of Beiping region, integrating military,

political and power. At the age of 40, he fought in the name of "Jingnan" and

took Nanjing for four years. He won the throne from his nephew Zhu Yunwen and

became the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Di has been in power for 22 years. When he was in power, he was

diligent in government affairs, concerned about the people and lived a simple

life.

The most outstanding achievements are as follows: first, he presided over

the compilation of Yongle canon; second, he sent Zheng He to the Western Ocean;

third, he built four cultural relics and historic sites which are rated as

"world cultural heritage" by modern people. (the Palace Museum, the temple of

heaven, the Ming Tombs, Wudang Mountain Taoist complex in Hubei Province).

Of course, Zhu Di's life has also been seen by today's less glorious deeds.

For example, the establishment of the East Chamber secret service, the "Jingnan

campaign" to usurp the throne, and the "Renwu martyrdom" to kill the courtiers

in Zhu Yunwen's period left a bad impression of being violent and murderous.

Zhu Di is a "son of the horse". Because of martial arts, he gained fame;

because of martial arts, he won the throne; because of martial arts, he expanded

his territory. But death, also died in the March. Zhu Di died in yumuchuan, now

in Duolun, Inner Mongolia, during his fifth personal expedition to Mobei. He was

65 years old and buried in Changling.

Zhu Di is another brilliant emperor after the founding emperor Zhu

Yuanzhang of Ming Dynasty.

Changling, the mausoleum of Zhu Di, is located on the south side of the

main peak of Tianshou mountain. It is the largest, longest built and most well

preserved Mausoleum of the Ming Tombs. The layout features "front and back

circle". "Front" refers to a group of three entrance courtyards, and "back

circle" refers to Baoding, the tomb of Zhu Di.

In front of this three entrance courtyard, the first entrance to the

courtyard is the mausoleum gate, with a single eaves resting on the top of the

mountain. It is five rooms wide and three doors open in the middle. It is built

on the platform. The first thing you can see in the courtyard is a stele

Pavilion. Other buildings were destroyed in the middle of the Qing Dynasty.

The second gate to enter the courtyard is Juen gate. When you enter Juen

gate, you will see Juen hall.

The li'en Hall of Changling is covered with yellow glazed tiles, double

eaves, veranda roof, 95 Bay, supported by 60 Phoebe pillars and covered with

"gold bricks", covering an area of 1938 square meters. Such a large hall, but

also are the pillars of Phoebe, is rare in the domestic ancient architecture.

Phoebe itself is very precious. The 32 gold pillars in the li'en Hall of

Changling are up to 12.58 meters in height and about 1 meter in diameter. The

four in the middle are the thickest, with a diameter of 1.124 meters. They can't

close each other. Moreover, the Ming Dynasty did not leave the standard for the

official construction of ancient buildings. The JUEN Hall of Changling mausoleum

has become a rare object to study the official buildings in the early Ming

Dynasty, but it is the only well preserved Juen hall in the Ming Tombs, which is

very worthy of tourists to visit.

After Li en hall, through the inner red gate, we came to the third

courtyard. First of all, you can see the Lingxing gate, and then you can see the

stone confession case, on which there are stone five confessions. They are:

incense burner in the middle, candlesticks on both sides, and incense bottles on

both sides. To the north of shiwugong is minglou.

Minglou is part of Houyuan, which refers to Zhu Di's mausoleum. It is

composed of minglou, Fangcheng, Baocheng and Baoding (Baoshan). If you see such

a Ming tower in the Ming Tombs, it means that an emperor of the Ming Dynasty is

buried behind it.

The Ming tower is built on the square city, with double eaves resting on

the top of the mountain. Inside the Ming tower is the "Shenghao stele". The

first part of the stele is engraved with "Daming" in seal characters, and the

body of the stele is engraved with "the mausoleum of emperor chengzuwen". The

pedestal under the body of the tablet is divided into four layers. The first

layer is erlongxizhu, followed by Baiyun, mountains and sea water. "Shenghao

stele" is equivalent to the tombstone in front of the mausoleum, indicating that

Zhu Di was buried inside.

Behind minglou is Baocheng Baoding. Baoding, also known as Baoshan, is

built by hand rammed earth. Baoshan is surrounded by a ring of city walls, 7.3

meters high, with crenels on it, and the circumference is 1 km. It is called

Baocheng. Below the mountain is the underground palace. But the underground

palace of Changling was not opened. The only underground palace opened in the

Ming Tombs was Dingling, the tomb of Zhu Yijun.

It turns out that in the early Ming Dynasty, there was a system of

sacrificial burial after the death of the emperor, which was called the system

of sacrificial burial. Originated in the primitive society, slaves were buried

with a large number of slaves and livestock. After the death of Zhu Yuanzhang,

the emperor of Ming Dynasty, this brutal system of human sacrifice was carried

out. When Zhu Yuanzhang died, 38 people were buried; Zhu Di buried 16 people;

Zhu gaochi buried 5 people; Zhu Zhanji buried 10 people. The palace maids or

concubines who were buried with the emperor were granted the title of "Chaotian

female household" by the emperor. It was not until Zhuqi Town, Yingzong of Ming

Dynasty, that the system of martyrdom was abolished.

Yingzong Zhuqi town is fatuous and incompetent. After being a prisoner and

losing the throne, he was released by the enemy and returned to Beijing. With

the help of eunuchs, he used stratagem to become emperor again. There are two

years, one is orthodox and the other is Tianshun. He was definitely not a good

emperor in the history of Ming Dynasty, but he abolished the system of human

sacrifice, which was a good thing in his lifetime.

However, it is not known where the maids were buried in the Ming Tombs, and

it still needs to be researched by later generations.

OK, I'll introduce you to the Ming Tombs.

在天安门城楼前面的这一条河，被称为金水河。那这里为什么被称为金水河呢?因为这条河是从北京的西北方向被引过来的，而在阴阳五行中，西属金，北属水，所以这条河命名为金水河，而河上的7座汉白玉桥，就是金水桥。其中最旁边的这两座桥叫做公生桥，分别对应着太庙和社稷坛，也就是现在的劳动人民文化宫和中山公园。而中间的这座是御路桥，是皇帝皇后专用的，它旁边的两座是皇族桥，供宗室王公行走，在旁边的两座是品级桥，只有三品以上的官员才可以通过。

在金水桥前面，左右各有一个石狮子。左边的是雄师，右边的是雌狮。我们是如何分出雌雄的呢?因为雄师脚踩的是绣球，而雌狮则是幼狮。现在为了保护文物，这对狮子已经被围栏保护起来了。在天安门前后各有一对华表，其实华表的原名叫做诽木，是皇帝为了表示自己能够采纳意见和接受意见而设立的，逐渐演变成了今天的华表。它的顶端的异兽叫做吼，北华表上的叫做望君出，意思是为了让皇帝出宫体察民情

，而南端的 则叫望君归，意思是皇帝不要留恋宫外的花花世界，应该及时回宫处理政务。

现在请大家向后转，在我们身后，就是天安门广场。在明清时候，这里是成T字型的，中间是南北走向的御路，在御路两侧，建有千步廊，两边都有廊房110间，到了长安街南侧，在随着红墙向东西两侧延伸，有廊房34间，所以千步廊共有228间廊房。而在御路的最南端明代时是大明门，清朝则改为大清门;东西两侧的门分别是长安左门和长安右门，也分别称为龙门和虎门，因为在科考之后，黄榜在长安左门公布，考中的进士要从这里进入皇城，所以称之为龙门，而虎门的来由则是每年霜降以后，朝廷都要对犯人进行审查，而审定的犯人则被带出长安右门，等于落入虎口，所以称为虎门。而订立这些，都是与五行有关。

在我国古代，有文东武西之说，所以在千步廊东西两侧就是五府六部的所在地。在广场东侧，现在的历史博物馆一带，基本上都是中央文职机关，而西侧，也就是人民大会堂一带，则是五军都督府和特务锦衣卫。为了方便这些官员进入皇城，所以就在龙门虎门外各建了一道南北走向的大门，东公生门和西公生门。