北京的导游词（优秀20篇）

大家好！欢迎来到北京故宫参观。我是你们的导游，请叫我小曾或曾导。下面就让我带大家参观世界著名的历史文化遗产——北京故宫。

皇帝的宫殿——故宫，又称紫禁城。故宫是一个规模很大的建筑群，共有九百九十九间房。你们看，厉害吧！

首先我们参观的是皇帝上早朝的地方——太和殿。在太和殿正中间是九龙至尊的龙椅。里面的物品全部都是用金子或镶金工艺做的，奢华极了。在修建太和殿的时候，没有用到一根钉、一根铆。全部都是用木头穿插搭起来的，我们的先辈们很棒吧！

参观完太和殿后，我们接下来参观皇帝的寝宫——乾清宫。乾清宫建于1402年，是明、清两代皇帝的寝宫。据说皇帝与皇后成亲的那天，就是在乾清宫内就寝的。在乾清宫的右边摆着一张喜床，在喜床的周围贴满了“喜”字。说不定大家摸摸这个“喜”字还可以沾一沾皇帝的福气了！

最美的地方要数皇帝的御花园了。为什么？因为皇帝的御花园里种满了许多美丽的花儿：如霞似火的杜鹃花、娇媚迷人的红玫瑰、娇艳高贵的牡丹花、高洁淡雅的菊花、洁白如雪的玉兰花、清香四溢的茉莉花。让人目不暇接。在花儿的衬托下，御花园增添了几分妩媚和生机。

然后，我们去游览皇后的寝宫——坤宁宫。大家在电视里经常会看见坤宁宫，但其实坤宁宫并不大，只有两进。所以皇后住的地方并不像大家想象的那样宽敞。

最后，我们参观的是养心殿。养心殿原本是皇上休息的地方，可是后来变成了皇上下朝后接见大臣和处理政务的地方。所以这个小房子就变成了故宫的核心建筑之一。

游客们，我先介绍到这里了，稍后请大家自由欣赏。我们将于11：30在故宫广场西边的验票处集合。大家请注意，在游览时，不要乱丢垃圾，乱涂乱画，我们要一起爱护世界遗产。

尊重的游人们：

在游玩的全过程中请大伙儿主动维持干净整洁，不必毁坏公物。

大伙儿可以看这里，大家来到的是著名的长廊。这长廊尤其长，大家了解有多久吗？这长廊有七百多米长呢！还分为了273间！看！每一间的横槛上都是有一幅五彩缤纷的画，这好几千幅画里，沒有那两幅是同样的！

旅客们，如今大家来到的是万寿山脚底。看！下边一排排金碧辉煌的城堡，便是排云殿。如今大家进山去看看吧！

旅客们，大家早已走上了万寿山了。在这儿看颐和园的全景图是最好是的地区。一大片树丛的翠绿色藏在眼底。大家的正前边是色调翠绿的昆明湖，那昆明湖尤其静，也尤其绿，不知道大伙儿想不想去看一下呢？事不宜迟，如今大家下来看看吧！

如今大家来到了昆明湖边。我们可以立在十七孔桥上看，大家看！十七孔桥上的石狮的倒影在水中看起来惟妙惟肖，这种石狮，姿态不一，沒有那二只是同样的。如今大家讨论一下昆明湖吧！昆明湖静的像一面镜子，绿的像一块碧玉。看！有很多的鸟儿立在柳枝上冲着水面照镜子呢！游船和画舫渐渐地滑过，基本上没留一点印痕！

颐和园有很多美丽的景色，我讲也说不绝，请大家自身细细地游赏吧！但是要确保安全，要主动维持干净整洁和不必毁坏公物！

首先，我们来到世界有名的长廊，这条长廊有七百多米长，分成273间。每一间的横栏上都有五彩的图画，画着：人物、花草、风景。几千幅没有那两幅是相同的，你信吗?如果不信，就仔细看看吧!

我们沿着长廊往前走，我们就来到万寿山脚下;大家抬头看一看，看见了那座八角宝塔形的三层建筑物耸立在半山腰了吗?大家知道它是什么吗?它是佛香阁，下面哪一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿是什么呢?大家不知道吧!那就是排云殿。

请各位游客朋友们跟我一起上山吧。现在我们站在佛香阁的前面了，我们只要向下望，颐和园的景色大半收在了眼底。正前面就是昆明湖，人们常说昆明湖静的像一面镜子，绿的像一块碧玉，你们看像不像呢?

我么从万寿山下来，就是昆明湖了，昆明湖围着长长的堤岸，堤上有几座式样不同的石桥。昆明湖中间还有一座小岛，我们只要走过长长的石桥就可以到小岛上玩了，这座石桥有十七个桥孔，所以叫十七个孔桥，桥栏杆上有上百根石柱，柱子上都雕刻着小狮子，你看这么多的小狮子，姿态不一、栩栩如生，没有那两只是相同的。

各位游客，颐和园到处是美景，说也说不尽，下面的时间就让大家去细细游赏和游玩吧。

从南门入园，走过门厅，穿过曲折的彩绘长廊，迎面矗立着一座蓝琉璃瓦顶的由郭沫若题写的"保卫和平"汉白玉石坊(原称"克林德"坊和"公理战胜"坊)。放眼北望，古柏成林，大多是明代所栽。其中有7株挺拔参天，要三四人方能合抱。形态各异的古柏相传为辽时种植，迄今已逾千年。还有一株槐树与柏树相抱而生。称"槐柏合抱"，至今仍枝繁叶茂，蔚为奇观。由此西行就到了坛门外，一对雄俊的石狮系北宋遗物，是1918年从河北大名的一座古庙废墟中发掘迁来守门的。

走进坛门，眼前是一条绿色的林荫道，周围遍栽果树。公园的主体建筑社稷坛位于轴线中心，坛呈正方形，为汉白玉砌成的三层平台。坛上铺着由全国各地进贡来的五色土:中黄、东青、南红、西白、北黑，以表示"普天之下，莫非王土"的意思，并象征土、木、火、金、水五行，古人认为，五行乃是万物之本。坛台中央原有一方形石柱，名"社主石"，又称"江山石"，以示"江山永固"。石柱半埋土中，后来全埋，1950年已移去。坛四周建有四色琉璃墙，东蓝、南红、西白、北黑，四面各立汉白玉棂星门一座，显得格外庄严肃穆。皇帝把"社稷"看作为国家的象征，并自认为受命于天，为了祈祷丰收，每年春秋仲月上戊日清晨来此祭祀，凡遇出征、打仗、班师、献俘、旱涝灾害等也要到此祈祷举行仪式。坛之北的"拜殿"又名享殿或祭殿、是一座宏大的木构建筑，面阔5间，进深3间，黄琉璃瓦，单檐庑殿顶，白石台基，无天花板。明露着梁架和斗拱，绘和玺彩画。这是保存最完整的明代建筑。1925年曾在此殿停放孙中山先生灵柩。接受各界人士瞻仰吊唁。1928年由冯玉祥部下时任北平特别市长何其巩等爱国人士改名为中山堂。堂后门内两侧原列有72支镀金银的铁戟，故称戟门。八国联军入侵北京时，将铁戟全部掠走。社稷坛外西南面，有神厨、神库、宰牲亭等附属建筑。

社稷坛东边，环境清静，称长青园，园内叠假山、搭花棚、筑花坛、置盆景。在松柏苍翠，杉竹相映中，点缀着松柏交翠亭、投壶亭、来今雨轩等景点;西边的唐花坞是培育各种名贵花木的温室花房，一年四季万紫千红，春意盎然。这里还有迎晖亨、兰室、水榭、四宜轩、春明馆、绘影楼等建筑。

此外，园内还从各地迁移来一些古建筑，在唐花坞以西，著名的"兰亭碑亭"与"兰亭八柱"，原为圆明园四十景之一，是1917年迁来的。亭为重檐蓝瓦八角攒尖顶，立在中间的石碑上刻有"兰亭修禊曲水流觞图"和乾隆帝所写的有关"兰亭"的诗作，八根石柱上分别刻着历代书法家临摹王羲之的兰亭帖，是珍贵的石刻文物。1915年从清代礼部衙门移来的习礼亭，原建于鸿胪寺内，是各地初入京的文武官员和外国使臣朝谒皇帝习礼之地。

公园后部植一片柏树林。筒子河上可划船，冬天冰封期能滑冰。隔河与故宫相辉映，波光楼影，景色如画。在加拿大的温哥华，有一座中山公园，旅居这里的华人、华侨和学子们的强烈的怀乡之情，从山水、林桥、路廊中折射出来。中山公园坐落于温哥华市中心东部，紧靠唐人街，与中华文化中心毗邻。据说这是迄今为止中国境外建造的第一个全景中国古典式花园--苏州园林的再现。公园始建于1985年3月，1986年4月24日正式开园，由中国苏州52位专家组成的承建队在建筑师王祖欣和冯小麟先生的带领下，同温哥华建筑师韦亚祖和布景师邓云密切配合，用了整整一年的时间，建成此园。中山公园所用的建筑材料，大部分来自中国，如玲珑光洁的琉璃瓦，雕刻精美的木制工艺品，各式各样的花格窗、假山石，铺曲径、小路用的鹅卵石等。

中山公园中有中国古典花园应包括的亭、台、楼、阁四部分，花园的设计反映着中国道家的哲学思想。崎岖对平坦，明对暗，大配小，刚柔相衬。园内既有铺满睡莲的平静湖面，又有小桥下的潺潺流水。花草树木中，松、竹、梅尤为显赫。前人赋予它们坚贞、正直、友爱的品格，给后人以美好的启迪。山石凸凹，崎岖有致，小径石阶，参差不平。雕刻着花鸟虫草的长廊又直又齐，水榭与亭台的地面又方又正。更让人感兴趣的是，公园虽小，但由于建筑师的构思巧妙，使人在游览时，有一种景景连绵，"柳暗花明又一村"之感。每当夏日的夜晚，在水榭对面的华枫堂，常有中国民乐演奏会。一曲《春江花月夜》，在水色山光的映衬下，将人们引向遥远的过去，带向大洋彼岸，让人如醉如痴。

1993年底时，孙中山先生铜像被隆重地矗立在公园门口。中山先生半身铜像连同青黑的花岗岩基座，高约3 米。他神情庄重，目光深邃，令人肃然起敬。铜像是由中国著名雕刻家曾竹韶教授雕塑，由中国海外交流协会与中国人民对外友好协会赠送。铜像揭幕典礼那天，加拿大政府代表、中国驻温哥华总领事及公园管理委员会负责人等出席了仪式，并分别致词:孙中山的名字与中华民族同在;中山先生的铜像与温哥华的华人们的同在;中山先生的思想与世界和平与进步同在。

尊敬的各位旅客：

大家好，今天由我为大家作解说，大家可以叫我张导，我们现在正前去的是被列为中古世界七大奇迹之一、世界文化遗产之一的——万里长城。

说起长城，那可是历史悠久，！它是在春秋战国时期，为了抵御塞北游牧部落联盟侵袭而修筑的。主要遗址为建于14世纪的明长城，历代长城为21196.18千米，经仔细测量，明长城总长为8851.8千米，长城是我国古代劳动人民的汗水与智慧凝成的，它是我国历史久远的见证，大家知道宇航员进入太空后，第一眼看到的中国的什么吗！那便是万里长城！它与意大利的罗马斗兽场、利比亚沙漠边缘的亚历山大地下陵墓等被列为中古世界七大奇迹之一！同时，万里长城与1987年12月列入《世界文化遗产名录》

关于长城，他还有一个美丽的传说，那就是《孟姜女哭长城》，它主要讲的是一位书生为逃离修筑长城的苦工，四处逃亡，逃进了一个叫孟姜女的姑娘家，他俩结婚才三天，书生就被抓走了，孟姜女历尽千辛万苦来到长城！却得知书生已经死了，她伤心欲绝，直哭了三天三夜，忽然只听轰隆隆一阵巨响，孟姜女把长城哭倒了。

快看，长城像一条长龙，纵横交错，在山峦之间，真是壮观无比！那烽火台屹立在长城上，像哨兵一样！百闻不如一见！两小时后集合，去吧！

欢迎您来颐和园参观旅游！

北京的颐和园是一个美丽的大公园。

大家现在参观的是长廊。长廊有七百多米长，共273间。每间的横槛上都有五彩的画，画着人物，花草，风景，几千幅画没有那两幅是相同的。长廊两旁的花木，这一种花还没谢，那一种花又开了，景色美丽。微风从昆明湖吹来，使人神清气爽！

这里是万寿山的脚下。大家抬头往上看，半山腰上那一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑就是佛香阁，下面那一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿是排云殿。现在我们来到的这里就是佛香阁，大家从前面往下看，颐和园的景色大半尽收眼底。正前面那就是昆明湖，你看它静得像一面镜子，绿得像一块碧玉。游船，画舫在湖面慢慢地滑过，几乎不留一点痕迹。向东看，隐约可见古老的城楼和白塔。

这里就是昆明湖。大家仔细看看这座石桥，因为它有十七个桥洞，得名十七孔桥。这座桥很有特点，每根石柱子上都雕刻着小狮子，这么多形态各异得狮子，没有那两只是相同的。

各位游客，颐和园到处都有美丽的景色，今天我就给大家介绍到这里，欢迎下次再来！

歌曲“金瓦金銮殿，皇上看不见，一朝出了五门口，一个名子两只手。”游客朋友们大家好！我们今天参观的景点是北京故宫。

故宫是北京十大旅游景点之一。据说天上有紫薇星垣ナ翘斓鄣木铀セ实垡蕴斓壑子自居ヒ虼顺谱约旱墓殿为紫薇宫。皇宫又是百姓的禁地称禁城ス拭紫禁城。今天我们称紫禁城为故宫意为过去的皇宫。

故宫是我国文物收藏最多的博物馆。来故宫游览当然要欣赏丰富多彩的建筑艺术和陈列于室内的珍贵文物了。

接下来就让我们欣赏一下它的建筑艺术。

重重的殿宇，层层的阁楼，千门万户的宅院，扑朔迷离的小巷……仿佛永远也转不完的故宫，最初建有9999.5间房屋。古人认为天帝居住的天宫为一万间，皇帝身为天子需自我克制不能超越天帝于是少建半间。

故宫布局左右对称コ乔剿拿娓魃璩敲乓蛔ツ厦娴奈缑弄ケ泵媸巧裎涿拧Ｍ獬以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿三大殿为中心，可谓是天白灿烂，暗夜肃穆。而文华、武英两殿为侧翼，是皇帝举行朝会的地方，称为前朝。北半部以乾清、交泰、坤宁三宫为中心，东西又有妃嫔居住的六宫， 再向外东侧是奉先殿和皇极殿，西侧是养心殿、雨花阁、慈宁宫等，最后一部分是御花园，这部分整体被称为是“后寝”或“内廷”是皇帝处理日常政务、祭祀和居住的地方。

细心的您在参观这些宏伟的建筑会发现宫殿的垂脊上有一列小兽，其用途首先是为了固定脊瓦，使脊瓦不至脱落，另外还有装饰的作用，同时也是地位的象征。

这些小兽的最前面都有一位骑着凤凰的仙人，然后依次排列的是龙、凤、狮子、天马、海马、狻猊、押鱼、獬、斗牛、小兽的后边还有一个垂兽殿后。

并不是每座宫殿上都有如此多的小兽，其中太和殿最多，九个小兽的后面还多了一个行十，再加上前导的仙人骑凤，殿后的垂兽，太和殿上的小兽共有十二个，是所有宫殿中小兽最多的。其他宫殿的小兽总是保持单数。乾清宫是皇帝的正寝地位仅次于太和殿。因此，乾清宫的小兽是九个。坤宁宫是皇帝大婚的洞房，有七个小兽。东西六宫是后妃们居住的场所，有五个小兽。其他的一些宫殿有的是三个，有的是一个，有的甚至没有。

如此浩繁的建筑，在600年里任凭风雨沧桑，主次的分明，左右的对称，秩序的井然，从未有过一丝一毫的改变。巧夺天工的设计，从大殿的排序到门户墙壁上的每一处装饰可谓是殚精竭虑，使这诺大的宫殿如一首跌宕起伏的华丽乐章，弹奏不息。

除了精巧的建筑外，故宫更是一座珍藏无数珍奇的宝库：上至商周，下至清末的彩陶：玉石器、青铜器、名家书法绘画、瓷器、珐琅、文房四宝及竹木牙雕工艺品等可谓是玲琅满目。

故宫它融合着中国最古老最智慧最精彩的建筑与历史，那一砖一瓦一件一物仿佛都在倾诉着明清两朝帝王的奢华生活。建筑的奇妙，器物的精美，深沉的氛围，穿梭其中。每踏一步仿佛都在踏着六百年的故事，六百年的尘烟，六百年的浩瀚。

Tian'anmen(the Gate of Heavenly Peace)， is located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen(the Gate of Heavenly Succession)。 At the end of the Ming Dynasty， it was seriously damaged by war. When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651， it was renamed Tian'anmen，and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City，the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate.

The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five–room deep. According to the Book of Changes，the two numbers nine and five，when combined，symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign. During the Ming and Qing dynasties， Tian'anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts， which followed these steps：1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian(Hall of Supreme Harmony)，where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan(tray of cloud)，and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen(Gate of supreme Harmony)2)The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting(dragon pavilion)。 Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen(Meridian Gate)，to Tian'anmen Gate tower. 3)A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.3)The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites.4)The edict，copied on yellow paper，would be made known to the whole country. Such a process was historically recorded as " Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix". During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian'anmen was the most important passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.On the Westside of Tian'anmen stands ZhongshanPark(Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Park)，and on the east side，the Working People's Cultural Palace. The Park was formerly called Shejitan(Altar of Land and Grain)，built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution. The Working People's Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao(the Supreme Ancestral Temple)，where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.The stream in front of Tian'anmen is called Waijinshuihe(Outer Golden River)，with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these seven bridges，historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao(Imperial Bridge)。

The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao(Royal's Bridges)。Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao(ministerial Bridges)。The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and were called Gongshengqiao(common Bridges)。They are the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian'anmen，one on each side were meant as sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis，guarding the emperor's walkway. In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao，who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers， hence it was originally called a slander pillar. Later it was reduced to a signpost，and now it serves as an ornament.The beast sitting on the top of the column is called "hou"，a legendary animal，which is said to have been a watcher of an emperor's behaviour. He was doing such duties as warning the emperor against staying too long outside the palace or indulging in pleasure and urging him to go to the people for their complaints or return in due time. Therefore，the two pairs of beasts were given the names "Wangjunhui"(Expecting the emperor's coming back) and "wangjunchu"(Expecting the emperor's going out) respectively。

各位游客：

大家好！

我是星星导游社导游王景瑶，也可以叫我小王。我们今天游览地方是故宫，希望可以和大家度过美好一天。

故宫又称紫禁城，是明清两代皇宫，堪称当今世界上无与伦比建筑杰作。很多人慕名来到故宫，就是为了欣赏中国古代建筑辉煌与帝王奢华。

故宫始建于1406年，1420年竣工。这片堪称世界最宏伟宫殿建筑群，南北长961米，东西宽753米，建筑面积有15.5万平方米，内有大小院落九十多座，房屋980间。都是用上等木材、琉璃瓦顶、青白石座与各种金碧辉煌彩画交相辉映，尽显出故宫富贵荣华。故宫很大，它庞大往往超出了人们想象范畴。东华门，午门、西华门、神武门分守故宫东南西北4个方向。故宫内部可分为“外朝“与“内廷“两部分。外朝以太宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫为中心，是皇帝与后妃住所。后人不远千里迢迢来到这座红色城池前瞻仰、游览、触摸、感怀……

好了，今天我导游就到这里结束了，下面请大家自己观赏这美丽风景吧！但是大家一定要记住，请大家不要乱扔果皮，谢谢配合。445分钟后，请大家来这里集合，愿你们开心快乐。

prince gongs residence is located in the northwest of beijing, nearqianhai in the east and houhai in the north. in the early stage, a canal fromthe northeast corner of jishuitan (west sea) water area in deshengmen bypassedthe west wall of prince gongs residence, turned outside the south wall(commonly known as yueya river), and flowed into shichahai (qianhai) throughthree bridges. facing water in the west and south, and near water in the eastand north, it can be said that it is surrounded by water and has a beautifulenvironment. by the early 1950s, the canal had been filled up to form liuyinstreet and qianhaixi street.

prince gongs residence was first built in 1776, with a history of morethan 230 years. in the fourth year of jiaqing, he was convicted and his housewas confiscated. after that, the house was divided into two parts: the east andthe west. emperor jiaqing of the west gave the house to his younger brotherprince yonggui, and the east left it to the ten princesses. in the first year ofchengfeng (1851), emperor xianfeng gave the whole palace to prince gong yi? tolive in. so far, it was named prince gongs palace, which is still in use remember the two main masters of the garden: big corrupt official andprince gong yi?.

prince gongs residence is 330 meters long from north to south and 180meters wide from east to west. there are dozens of palaces in beijing, whichwere either destroyed or used for other purposes. only prince gongs mansion,which has been preserved in its original style, is open to the outside world. asan ancient garden of manchu royal family, it is composed of two parts: mansionand garden, covering an area of more than 60000 square meters, including 32000square meters of mansion and 28000 square meters of garden.

the buildings in the mansion are divided into three roads: the east road,the middle road and the west road. from the south to the north, they arecomposed of many three-way quadrangles with strict central axis. the layout isclear. the east road goes to park shanghua, the middle road is solemn andsolemn, and the west road is simple and elegant. the three roads areself-contained and harmonious. in these houses, there are not only the buildingsreflecting the royal style and majesty, but also the exquisite architecture anddecoration style from the folk, which constitute the biggest feature of theroyal culture. the garden integrates jiangnan garden and northern architecture,and integrates western architecture and chinese classical garden gongs mansion is not only one of the important representatives of theqing dynastys mansion architecture, but also an important performance of themost mature period of chinese traditional architecture and gardening skills. renzhi, a famous scholar, called it "a palace of prince gong, half of thehistory of qing dynasty".

prince gongs house was listed as a key national protection unit in 1982,and the garden of prince gongs house was opened to the public in 1988. in theprocess of my explanation, in order to better protect this precious heritage andensure the safety of your visit to the park, please cooperate. first, do notsmoke. second, do not climb rocks. third, take good care of your , take good care of the environment and do not litter in the park

1、 the first master of the mansion, he (born in 1750 a.d. in the 15th yearof qianlong and died in 1799 a.d. in the 4th year of jiaqing), was originallynamed shanbao, with the word zhizhai and the surname niuhulu. he belonged to thezhenghong banner of manchuria (once carried into zhenghuang banner, but hisfamily members were classified as zhenghong banner after being convicted).)among the eight banners, they are not aristocrats (eight banners are dividedinto yellow flag, yellow flag, white flag, white flag, red flag, red flag, blueflag and blue flag). the yellow flag, the yellow flag and the white flag led bythe emperor were the upper three banners, the nobles and the lower five banners.)how could he be the greatest favorite of emperor qianlong if he was not borninto a noble family and had no degree of jinshi

there are five main reasons why he is favored

first, smart. he? has an amazing memory, makes a clear reading and makes asmart decision. even jiaqing affirmed that he was "smart and agile". when he wasa child, he studied in xianan palace, the best school in the capital at thattime (xianan palace is in the imperial palace, which is equivalent to thecurrent national key school. it mainly recruits the children of the internalaffairs government and eight banners officials who are both good-looking andgood-looking). he is proficient in manchu, chinese, mongolian and tibetanlanguages, and can be both civil and military. at the age of 19, he inheritedthe position of third-class light truck captain earned by his ancestors. threeyears later, there was another vacancy for the third class bodyguard, which gavehim a chance to get close to emperor qianlong.

second, the united tobacco royal family. his son, fengshen yinde, was giventhe name by emperor qianlong, which means longevity in manchu. moreover,qianlong married his 65 year old daughter gu lun and princess xiao to his sonfengshen yinde. the relationship between emperor qianlong and "he" changed fromthe relationship between master and slave, the relationship between monarch andminister to the relationship between daughter and family, and qianlong becamethe real umbrella of "he".

thirdly, according to unofficial history, i remember that when hongli wasyoung (later emperor qianlong), i once played in the palace and saw nianguifeicombing her hair. nianguifei was the younger sister of general nian genyao ofthe qing dynasty and one of the top ten beauties of the qing dynasty. her namewas nianqiuyue. hongli was moved by her beauty and secretly went over to coverher eyes from behind. qing, nians concubine was startled and didnt know whowas behind. she picked up the hairpin and rowed back, which just cut honglisforehead. later, the empress learned about it, because it spread that it was notgood for honglis reputation (she was the royal concubine of yongzheng, honglishould call her erniang. )next year, the imperial concubine hanged cried bitterly at that time, because one of his frivolous actions killednian guifei. i secretly vowed that when i became an emperor, i would meet again,not to repair this life and the afterlife. so stained with cinnabar, she printeda red fingerprint behind her ear. many years later, when hongli became emperor,he was emperor qianlong. when he first saw him, he was still a stick ng was surprised and felt that he looked like the young lady who died manyyears ago. so he stepped down from the throne and asked if there were anysisters in his family. he said that there were only two brothers, he and he?.when the emperor was disappointed, he suddenly saw a red mole behind his ear. itwas not only similar to nianguifeis face, but also the size and location of themole. so the emperor thinks that he? is the reincarnation of nian guifei. so theemperor kept him close to him and favored him. he also used his intelligence toplease qianlong. as a result, his position and status rose like a three years, emperor qianlong passed orders to promote him to theposition of official. he almost made all kinds of high-ranking officials in theqing dynasty. he had been a military aircraft minister for 23 years, and wasknown as the second emperor.

many friends come to prince gongs residence with admiration. the film andtelevision works also make a lot of hype about ho. however, there is a big gapbetween the real image of ho and the image of the film and television works. hois a real beautiful man with a white face, quick action, dignified and humorousspeech.

the second master, prince gong yi? (1833-1898), was the sixth son ofemperor daoguang. he was named prince gong in the imperial edict of emperordaoguang in 1850. he was an important and influential figure in the politicalsituation of the late qing dynasty. after the death of emperor xianfeng in 1861,he and cixi jointly launched the "xinyou coup" to eliminate eight ministers,such as sushun, which paved the way for cixi to reach the peak of power. afterthat, he was appointed as the king of political affairs, walked on the militaryplane, and participated in military affairs as a prince, which was very rare inthe qing dynasty. as a "leader", he, together with zeng guofan, zhang zhidongand other feudal officials, set off the famous "westernization movement" inmodern chinese history. under his invitation and planning, the qing governmentestablished in 1860 the first official "ministry of foreign affairs" in chinesehistory, the premiers national affairs yamen, to deal with foreign affairs. in1862, under his own planning, the qing government established the capitaltongwen school in beijing. the establishment of tongwen school was the beginningof the establishment of a new school in china. it entered the school of beijingnormal university in 1902 and became the earliest part of the establishment ofpeking university. it seems that the prince of the late qing dynasty has acertain relationship with peking university. yi? was the sixth son of emperordaoguang. at that time, he was famous for his foreign affairs. therefore, peoplenicknamed him gui zi liu, and he didnt mind. because yi? was very independentand active in politics, he was afraid of empress dowager cixi. later, he lostpower and lived in seclusion in jiehe temple. yi? became the tenth iron hat kingof the qing dynasty in 1872. he is the author of the collection of works ofledaotang. after the sino japanese war of 1894-1895, it was used again. it wasthe prime minister of the navy, the council for military affairs, and the innercourt. he died in 1898 with the posthumous title of "zhong". )

2、 scenic spots in the mansion

the main hall of the palace of yinan, commonly known as "yinan hall", isthe place where important ceremonial activities are held. a group of screens andthe throne of the prince are placed in the center of the hall. it corresponds tothe jinluan hall of the forbidden city. jinluan hall was the place where theemperor summoned and held important ceremonies.

the tall building you see now was newly built in this overhaul as it was inthe guangxu reign of tongzhi. the original yinan hall, together with the eastand west side halls, was destroyed by burning incense on the night of thelantern festival on january 15, 1921.

the new construction process of yinan hall:

the yinan hall was built according to the strict architectural regulationsof the qing dynasty and the highest standard roof of the royal palace.

tourists, please observe the color of the tiles on the roof of the mainhall, the number of animals on the roof ridge, the number of doornails on themain door, etc. how are they different from the palace museum you can see?

the roof of the imperial palace is covered with golden colored glass, whichis the symbol of imperial power; the roof of the main hall of the royal palaceis covered with green colored glass tiles, and the roof of the auxiliary hall iscovered with gray tiles, which indicates the princes status.

in ancient architecture, door nails were only used on board ally used to guard against the enemys fire attack, so zhuoyi was coveredwith mud to prevent fire. doornails are usually made of copper. in the qingdynasty, the use of door nails was regulated. in royal architecture, there arenine nails for each door, nine in each direction, and a total of ninety-nine andeighty-one nails. nine is the pole of yang number, symbolizing the higheststatus of the emperor. because the imperial temple is dedicated to the emperorsof the past dynasties, it also has nine road studs; seven roads in the royalpalace take seven roads, but seven roads in the princes palace take nine roads;further down there are five roads take five roads.

duofuxuan is commonly known as "tengluoyuan". the main hall was called"yanxi hall" in the period of peace, which was the residence of the son andprincess of peace. it was called "duofuxuan" in the period of prince gong. itwas the hall and living room of the palace. it was mainly used by the host toreceive visitors, relatives and friends or subordinates who came to report backto the official affairs. it was also used to store gifts sent by the emperor."duofuxuan" was inscribed by emperor xianfeng. it means the palace of a lot ofhappiness. the plaque of "tongde yanxi" is hung in the center of the hall, whichis intended to warn the host that only when you and the emperor have the samevirtue can you extend the xi (xi: good luck and long life). please observecarefully that the four walls of the hall near the ceiling are all hung with theinscription of "fu shou". the inscription of "fu shou" is written on the redsquare paper (i.e. "dou fang") and is placed in a shuttle shape. the inscriptionof "fu shou" is made in pairs.

since the reign of kangxi in the qing dynasty, every winter, the emperorhad to write the words "fu" and "shou" in person and give them to the king, theduke, the minister and the empress. the word "shou" will be added to every majorbirthday celebration. according to convention, the old "fu shou" dou fang cannot be removed. instead, the new "fu shou" dou fang is pasted directly on theold one, meaning "fu tian shou". now what you see is the original copy.

please carefully observe the phoenix and seal painting of qianlong periodon the roof beam. although only partial phoenix tail pattern remains, it hasspecial value. its existence confirms that fudi east road was once princessmansion.

hexi painting is also known as palace architectural painting. this kind ofarchitectural painting is the highest level painting in the qing dynasty, mostlypainted on palace buildings or buildings related to the royal family

ledaotang is the largest building on the east road and the last one toenter the courtyard. the main room is called "ledaotang". on the interior beams,there are two hundred years of colorful paintings of baojindi and phoenix in themiddle qing dynasty, which indicates that it was the residence of the princessduring the period of peace. in the period of prince gong, this is the livingroom of the prince. now the interior is displayed as it was when prince gonglived. the plaque of "ledaotang" was given to yi? by emperor daoguang expresses a fathers wish for his sons happiness and auspiciousness.

he is not a prince. in the qing dynasty, when the feudal hierarchy was verystrict, why did he build such a luxurious private house in spite of large-scaleconstruction? you can see the reason from the following records.

yin de, the son of he, was born on the 19th of the first month of the 40thyear of qianlong (1775), half a month younger than princess he xiao. he andqianlong formed a family of sons and daughters, and became the most unattainablerelatives of the emperor. he jianhe house was actually built as princess house,so he jianhe house was built according to the double specifications of princesshouse and first-class officials of the imperial court

jiale hall

jiale hall is the hall name of hejin period. it is said that the plaque ofjiale hall was given to hejin by qianlong. during the period of prince gong, itwas the "temple", that is, the place where shamanism activities were held.

shamanism sacrificial activities: ancient mongolians believed in shamanismfirst. shamanism worships gods and divides the world into three kinds: heavenabove, earth in the middle and hell below.

the most important way of shaman sacrifice is to worship ancestors andheaven. it is said that the ancestors of manchu people fell into a trap in abattle and had to hide in a big tree in a hurry. the birds on the tree did notmove, so they did not expose the ancestors of manchu people to the enemy and letthem survive. therefore, manchu people revered the birds as gods.

grand theater

the grand theater building of prince gongs mansion, built during the reignof tongzhi (1862-1874), is a place for prince gong and his relatives to watchthe opera. this theater is the only existing fully enclosed theater in china. inthe archives of the qing dynasty, theatrical buildings were called "bigtheatrical rooms". the building area is 685 square meters, and its architecturalform adopts a three volume hook and build fully enclosed structure. it is saidthat although the whole theater building is of brick and wood structure, it doesnot use an iron nail. in particular, it is worth mentioning the sound effect ofthe grand theater. in order to ensure the fidelity of the sound, several largetanks are placed under the stage. the ingenious and special structure increasesthe resonance reverberation space, so that the audience can clearly hear thesinging of the actors without any sound transmission tools at any position inthe theater. once, after a famous singer came here to sing, he excitedly praisedthat the timbre effect of the grand theater building was better than that of theconcert hall.

in the peony courtyard, the location of the theater is general, but theinside is resplendent. on both sides of the stage, the two pillars, the fourwalls and the top are all painted with twigs and vines. the scene of greenleaves and purple flowers in full bloom makes people feel like watching theopera under the vines. it is said that at that time, even empress dowager cixiwas sitting in the courtyard. prince gong worried that he would be guilty ofoverstepping the system, so he painted a lot of vines on the roof, which meansthat this is the vines rack, not the lobby. its very kind of him. there are 20large palace lanterns hanging on the top of the shed, and 20 eight immortalstables with taishi chairs are placed in an orderly manner. the back walls of thetheater are light brown wooden lattice, with dark blue silk cloth as the bottomlining. on the south side of the hall is a stage about one meter high. above thestage, there is a black plaque with gold characters, which is written with fourseal characters of "enjoy yourself". in the south, there is an actors dressingroom in the backstage and a stage in the front. in the north, there are placesfor vips and their wives to watch and rest. yis birthday is in the late octoberof the lunar calendar. when holding a birthday party, a fire is needed, so thegrand theater is also called "warm building" by the government. in addition toacting, it was also the place where the wedding ceremony was held in princegongs mansion. every time the important figures in the mansion die, the theaterwill be full of couplets, buildings, cigarettes, long hanging, and monks andnuns in each temple will sprinkle sutras one after another to pass the dead.

in 1936, pu ru, the grandson of prince gong yi? who lived in the garden atthat time, celebrated his mother mrs. xiangs birthday and organized a hall playin the theater. at that time, famous actors in the peking opera circle gatheredin the grand theater and performed on the stage one after another. this is thelast meeting of prince gongs mansion. now?

大家好!

中国人民革命军事博物馆位于北京复兴门外大街玉渊潭公园南，属社科类综合性军事历史博物馆，1960年“八·一”建军节正式开馆。该馆建筑坐北朝南，气势宏伟，巍峨壮观，主楼中央7层，两翼4层，楼顶塔座承托的“八·一”军徽最为醒目。主楼前有宽阔的广场，两侧苍松翠柏四季常青。

馆内基本陈列由“古代、近代战争馆”、“第一次、二次国内革命战争馆”、“抗日战争馆、第三次国内革命战争馆”和“兵器馆”组成，以中国军事历史为主线，展示了五千年来重要的军事事件、人物，论著、科技及兵器发展等内容，同时也展示了现代中国国防建设与人民军队正规化建设的新成就。漫步展厅，仿佛置身于金戈铁马的洪流之中，于兵家智谋、刀枪剑戟、战争风云中处处可见民族文化的精粹和社会历史的变迁。

在这里你可以看到成吉思汗弯弓射雕的威武身影和横扫亚欧大陆的蒙古铁骑;领略康熙大帝三战雅克萨的非凡风采和郑成功收复台湾的民族豪情;铭记列强侵略的罪行和鸦片战争失败的惨痛历史教训;体味孙中山先生开创革命事业的艰辛和南昌起义第一枪响的震撼;赞叹工农红军两万五千里长征的惊世壮举和中华儿女艰苦卓绝的抗战历程;叹服毛泽东等老一代革命家在民主主义革命和社会主义建设中的丰功伟绩;感受“三大战役”空前紧张的决战气氛和百万雄师过大江的恢宏气势;而琳琅满目的武器世界和兵器知识介绍使广大青少年产生浓厚的兴趣。军博以其博大恢宏的气势、深沉凝重的氛围直观形象地再现了中国军事历史的宏伟画卷，现已跻身于世界十大军事博物馆的行列。

1992年，在“北京旅游世界之最”的评定中，专家学者对十三陵的判定语为“世界上保存完整、埋葬皇帝最多的墓葬群”。20xx年7月，明十三陵被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》明清皇家陵寝的扩展项目。《世界遗产名录》对它的评价如下：“明清皇家陵寝依照风水理论，精心选址，将数量众多的建筑物巧妙的安置于地下。它是人类改变自然的产物，体现了传统的建筑装饰思想，阐释了封建中国持续了500余年的世界观和权力观。”

(明成祖朱棣)

十三陵的第一个陵是长陵，从永乐七年(公元1409)动工兴建，到永乐十一年(公元l413)玄宫告成。长陵位于天寿山丰峰南面，它是永乐帝朱棣和皇后徐氏的合葬墓。

明成祖朱棣是明太祖朱元璋的第四个儿子，生于元至正二十年(1360)，明洪武三年(130)封为燕王，洪武十三年(1380)就藩北平。建文元年(1399)朱棣发动“靖难之役”，建文四年(1420)继承皇位，第二年改元永乐。其较突出的历史功绩有：主持编撰《永乐大典》和派遣郑和下西洋。中国被收入《世界遗产名录》的文化古迹中，有4项是朱棣开创奠基的，他们是北京故宫，北京天坛，北京明十三陵，湖北武当山道教古建筑群。皇后徐氏，是开国功臣中山王徐达的长女。永乐五年(公元1420xx年)七月四日病逝，永乐十一年(公元1420xx年)，首先被葬入长陵，她是葬入十三陵的第一人。长陵是明十三陵中规模宏大，营建时间最长，保存的最好的一座陵。

(长陵布局：长陵祾恩殿)

长陵陵园平面布局为“前方后圆”形制。“前方”，是三进深院落：第一深进院落大门为陵门，单檐歇山顶宫门式建筑，门内明朝时东建有神厨，西建有神库，神厨前有碑亭一座，神厨，神库均毁于清朝中期，碑亭尚存;第二进深院落大门为祾恩门，单檐歇山顶。门内即祾恩殿，面阔九间进深五间，重檐庑殿顶。祾恩殿是供奉帝后神位和举行祭祀活动的场所。“祾”是“祭而受福”，“恩”是“罔极之恩”的意思。长陵祾恩殿是明代帝王陵中唯一保存完整的祾恩殿。殿内有60根金丝楠木柱，当中4根柱的直径在l米以上，是我国保存最好的楠木大殿，十分珍贵;第三进深院落大门为棂星门，门内有两柱牌楼门和石几筵。“后圆”即指永乐帝的陵墓，它由宝城，宝山，方城，明楼组成。宝城状如圆形城堡，宝城围起来的土山]宝山，宝山下为玄宫。宝城正前方建方城，方城之上为重檐歇山顶明楼。明楼是每座陵墓的标志，也是每座陵墓中轴线上的最高建筑。原碑刻着朱棣原来的庙号“太宗”，后来世宗嘉靖七年(公元1528)改太宗为成祖，但没能换石碑，只是用木雕镶在成祖的石碑上。明楼内立“圣号碑”碑首为“大明”，下刻“成祖文皇帝之陵”7个字。

长陵陵园还辖有东，西井。东井在德陵馒头山的南面，西井在定陵西北。“井”内葬有被赐死的殉葬宫妃。

明长陵位于北京市昌平区怀长路上，处在天寿山主峰南麓，是明朝第三位皇帝成祖文皇帝朱棣(年号永乐)和皇后徐氏的合葬陵寝。在十三陵中建筑规模最大，营建时间最早，地面建筑也保存得最为完好。它是十三陵中的祖陵，也是陵区内最主要的旅游景点之一。长陵于永乐七年(1420xx年)开始修建，永乐十三年(1420xx年)完工。现存建筑有宝城、明楼、石五供、两柱牌楼门、祾恩殿、祾恩门、碑亭以及三进院落的宫墙和因墙而设的陵门、角门等。地宫未发掘，同时没有被盗墓记录。长陵目前对公众开放。

明长陵位于北京市昌平县境内，距北京故宫五十公里。陵区南起石牌坊，北倚天寿山主峰。四面环山，绿树丛丛。南面又有龙虎两山左右对峙，势如门户。当中奔流不息的山水自西向东而去，好似天然的护陵河。南北贯通的高速路似一条巨龙连接着长陵至故宫。

明长陵为十三陵之首，永乐皇帝和皇后徐氏的合葬墓。是永乐皇帝建北京皇宫(故宫)的第三年(公元1420xx年)自建的“寿宫”。陵园规模宏大，用料严格考究，施工精细，工程浩繁，营建时日旷久，仅地下宫殿就历时四年。

明长陵陵恩殿是嗣皇帝祭祀永乐帝后的场所，建筑在汉白玉雕刻成的三层台基上，金砖铺地。殿面阔九间(66.56米)，进深五间(29.12米)，象征着皇帝“”之位。所有木件全用金丝楠木为之，古色古香。一米多直径，十几米高的六十根金丝楠木大柱，承托着二千三百平方米的重檐庑殿顶，雄伟壮观、举世无双。最粗的一根重檐金柱，高12.58米，底径达到1.124米，为世间罕见佳木。殿中端坐于九龙宝座之上的永乐皇帝铜像，形象逼真，做工精湛考究，此造像是巨上精美绝伦的艺术佳作。此外陈列着明陵地宫出土文物数百件，播放1956年发掘地宫的实况录像，帮助游人解开地宫之谜。

明长陵，建筑最早、面积最大、规模最宏伟、工艺用料最考究、原建筑保护最完整。历经六百年沧桑，仍完好无损，金碧辉煌。它早已被公布为全国第一秕重点文物保护单位。它不权以其宏大的古建筑和辉煌的艺术成就，丰富的历史文化内涵，吸引着每年数以百万计的中外游人和各界专家学者，而且永乐皇帝是世界上赫赫有名的一代有作为的皇帝，所以长陵又是世界最有名的旅游胜地之一。

景区

祾恩门

《太常续考》等文献记载，天寿山诸陵陵殿名为“祾恩殿”，殿门名之为“祾恩门”，始于嘉靖十七年(1538年)，是世宗朱厚熜亲易佳名。其中，“祾”字取“祭而受福”之意，“恩”字取“罔极之恩”意，长陵棱恩门，为单檐歇山顶形制，面阔五间(通阔31.44米)，进深二间(通深14.37米)，正脊顶部距地面高14.57米。檐下斗拱为单翘重昂七踩式，其平身科斗拱耍头的后尾作斜起的杆状，与宋清做法俱不相同。室内明间、次间各设板门一道，稍间封以墙体。其中明间板门之上安有华带式榜额，书“祾恩门”三金字。“稜”字系后世修葺时误写。门下承以旱白玉栏杆围绕的须弥座式台基。其栏杆形制，为龙凤雕饰的望柱，和宝瓶、三幅云式的栏板。台基四角及各栏杆望柱之下，各设有排水用的石雕螭首(龙头)。台基前后则各设有三出踏跺式台阶。其中路台阶间的御路石上雕刻的浅浮雕图案十分精美：下面是海水江牙云腾浪涌，海水中宝山矗立，两匹海马跃出水面凌波奔驰;上面是两条矫健的巨龙在云海中升降飞腾，追逐火珠，呈现出一派波澜壮阔的雄伟景象。

陵宫建筑

长陵的陵宫建筑，占地约12万平方米。其平面布局呈前方后圆形状。其前面的方形部分，由前后相连的三进院落组成。第一进院落，前设陵门一座。其制为单檐歇山顶的宫门式建筑，面阔显五间，檐下额枋、飞子、檐椽及单昂三踩式斗拱均系琉璃构件;其下辟有三个红券门。陵门之前建有月台，左右建有随墙式角门(已拆除并封塞)。院内，明朝时建有神厨(居左)、神库(居右)各五间，神厨之前建有碑亭一座。神厨、神库均毁于清代中期，碑亭则保存至今。

相信有些朋友在家也吃过所谓的北京烤鸭，我出差去外地时也吃过几回，但一尝，都是按照当地口味改良过的，。像广东的名菜“过年金猪”，烤得皮又硬又厚又脆，片下来的时候也只有皮没有肉，那怎样是北京烤鸭呢，应该叫广东烤鸭才对!所以今天大家既然来到了北京，还是应该尝一尝最正宗的北京烤烟是什么味吧!

要说北京呀，经营烤鸭的店很多，但是最正宗的是哪一家?就是大名鼎鼎的全聚德!烤鸭的历史可悠久了，最早在南北朝的《食珍录》中就已记载“炙鸭”。后来朱元璋在南京建都后，皇宫的御厨把南京著名的湖南鸭用碳火烘烤，大受皇帝的赞扬。到了名成祖朱棣迁都北京，烤鸭技术也带到北京，故宫《五台照常膳底挡》中记载：13天中，乾隆皇帝吃烤鸭8次。不过那时的烤鸭还是采用闷炉烤鸭，嫩是嫩了，但不香脆，后来是全聚德的创始人改良了烤法，才成为今天名传海外的北京烤鸭的。

要说这全聚德的鸭子好吃，那是从选料、宰杀、烧烤、上桌都有自己一套独特的究竟。先说这选料吧，首先就要选著名“北京填鸭”它羽毛洁白光泽、翅短背长、腿粗体壮。最早是饲养在海淀区玉泉山的温泉里，因此鸭羽毛洁白，外貌格外漂亮，而且玉泉山的温泉入冬不冻，泉区一年四季有水草，鸭子在这里喝的是矿泉水，吃的是矿泉鱼虾和水草，品质格外的好。

在明朝是，由于有北京鸭的鸭油制作点心别具风味，其他油脂难以比拟，因此，当时人门样鸭的目的多为提取鸭油制作糕点。当时为了得到更多的鸭油采用了一种独特的填喂法，就是35天前的雏鸭可自由取食，而最后15-20天，就开始采用一种人工的喂食器，把鸭子一只只地抓过来喂食器填喂，每6小时进行一次填喂，每昼夜填四次，这样鸭子长得才快，油量多，因为非常费事，所以价值极高。后来自从发现这样养出来的鸭子不但油多，而且肉特别嫩之后，这个办法更是流传海外。

全聚德的烤鸭一定要选用饲养期40天、重5斤半的。饲养时间短肉不够厚、时间长又会过老，影响口感。宰杀后的鸭子退毛也很讲究，比如鸭脯部位的皮肤特薄，择毛时要用钳头一根根拔，决不能把鸭皮弄破，不然在进行全聚德独特的冲气流程时就会漏气而不能用来烤制了。

说道这打气的程序可真是十分有趣，用拇指沿食管向嗉囊推进，使食管与周围的结缔组织分离。然后把气泵的气嘴由刀口插入颈腔，慢慢将空气充入鸭皮下脂肪与肌肉组织之间，当气充到八成满时，关上气门，取下气嘴，紧紧卡住鸭颈根部防止跑气。打气时不能过足，以免造成破口跑气，如果充气太少又会使外形皱瘪不丰满，所以是很讲究的。

在充好气才开始开膛，厨师要一直在过程中保持气不漏掉，而且开膛也不是像平常所谓的开膛破肚，而是从鸭右腋开一个只有1寸的小口，用非常奇异而独特的工具和方法取出内脏。脏全部掏净后，用高粱秆一节，一头削成三角形，一头削成叉形，做成“鸭撑”。然后从那个小口伸入鸭膛撑住，这样就能使鸭脯隆起，烤制时不会扁缩。

烤制的木材也是十分讲究的，一定要选用果木，以梨木和枣木最佳，也有用苹果木和柿子木的，果木燃烧时游离出的芳香物质可使鸭子有一种特殊的异香。刚刚出炉的鸭子色呈枣红，油润发亮，皮脆肉嫩，，外焦里嫩，香气扑鼻。

现在传统的吃法就是拿起一块荷叶饼，用筷子夹上三至四片片好的烤鸭，蘸上甜面酱，放在荷叶饼上，再放上几跟葱条，将荷叶饼卷成一卷，送进嘴离一咬，酥、香、脆、鲜一齐涌上，回味不尽。

各位团友，我们眼前一前一后两座高大的建筑就是钟鼓楼。钟鼓楼坐落在北京南北中轴线北端，即今天的东城区地安门外大街，是全国重点文物保护单位。两楼前后纵置，气势雄伟，巍峨壮观，占地约13000平方米。

钟鼓楼是钟楼和鼓楼的合称。在古代，钟楼和鼓楼通常建造在城市中心地带，作为报时和聚众议事的工具，还有另一种，建于宫廷内，做报告时间和朝会时节制礼仪之用。钟鼓楼各地都有，但从某种程度上说，在元明清三朝，北京的钟鼓楼相当于每日发布标准“北京时间”的国家授时中心，是钟鼓楼中的“权威”。 元代鼓楼在大都中心，原名齐政楼，取齐七政(日、月、金星、木星、水星、火星、土星)之义，其位置在明清鼓楼以西，今旧鼓楼大街南口。明永乐十八年营建北京城，重建钟鼓楼。据谈迁《北游录》记载，清顺治十一年(1654年)，钟楼和鼓楼毁于火灾，乾隆时重建，嘉庆五年(1800年)重修。1900年，“八国联军”入侵京师时，钟鼓楼上文物遭到了破坏，建筑幸免于毁。民国年间钟鼓楼对外开放，民国十三年(1923年)将鼓楼改为明耻楼，第二年复改为齐政楼。1957年钟鼓楼被列为北京市级文物保护单位。1984年政府拨款重修钟鼓楼，1987年和1988年鼓楼和钟楼相继开放，随后作为展览功能的文物建筑得到了保护和利用。1996年，钟鼓楼被列为全国重点文物保护单位。

大家在看西方的电视剧或者电影的时候，经常可以看到高大的尖塔式钟楼，上面有一面巨大的机械钟。每到整点或者半点自动报时。中国早在宋朝时候，宫廷内就有了以水流作为动力的自动报时的机械钟，当时叫做水运仪象台，主要作用是观测天文，但是，由于这种技术被皇室垄断，无法普及，终于导致技术失传。所以，中国古代的城市报时装置还是使用青铜钟。钟楼建筑高大，所以钟声可以传的很远，把时间告知这个个城市。

而鼓楼在城市中的作用一般是聚集众人议事，当有重大节日或者战争时候，也用来聚集民众。此外，古代城市中夜晚是实行宵禁的，禁止一切商业活动和娱乐活动。每到傍晚，鼓声敲响，商贩们便开始收摊，铺面也纷纷打烊，待到第二天早上五点敲完亮更鼓以后，人们才开始新一天的生活。

大家一定都很想知道，钟楼和鼓楼都是怎么工作的呢?那就随我一起来探索吧„„

清代原规定钟楼昼夜报时，乾隆后改为只报夜里两个更时，而且由两个更夫分别登钟、鼓楼，先击鼓后敲钟。其计时方式按古人将一夜分为五更来计算，每更为一时辰，即现在的两小时，19点为定更，21点为二更，23点为三更，1点为四更，3点为五更，5点为亮更。钟鼓楼每到定更先击鼓，后敲钟，提醒人们进入睡眠，二更到五更则只撞钟不击鼓，以免影响大家睡眠。到了亮更则先击鼓后敲钟，表示该起床了。击鼓的方法是先快击18响，再慢击18响，共击6次，共108响。撞钟与击鼓相同。

2001年岁末的午夜11时57分，北京鼓楼沉寂了近百年的群鼓再度被敲响——25位年轻鼓手表演了《二十四节令鼓之冬》乐章(鼓谱的作者是中央民族乐团打击声乐部首席朱啸林先生)，鼓声持续3分钟，到2002年元旦0 时结束。鼓楼从2002年元旦起，正式对外开放。每天将四次击鼓，每次15分钟。

距离我们较近的这一座就是钟楼(北面那一座)，它是老北京中轴线的北端点。原址为元大都大天寿万宁寺之中心阁。明永乐十八年(1420年)建，后毁于火。清乾隆十年(1745年)重建，十二年后竣工。其楼身为正方形平面，重檐歇山顶，无梁式砖石建筑。屋顶为黑琉璃瓦绿剪边，正脊两端安背兽，两层屋檐的戗脊上均安狮子为首的五跑小兽。上层檐下施重昂五踩斗拱，下层檐下施单翘单昂五踩斗拱，是我国现存唯一的无梁拱券式全砖石结构的大型单体建筑，也是中国古代建筑中将建筑与传声巧妙结合的杰作。

楼身四立面相同，当心开一拱券门，左右对称开券窗，窗上安设石刻仿木菱花窗。内部结构采用复合式拱券，除主体拱券之外，还于围护墙体中设有环路通道。基座为汉白玉须弥座，周围环以汉白玉栏杆。楼身之下为砖砌城台，城台上四面有城垛。台身四面开券门，内部呈十字券结构，东北隅开门，内有石阶七十五级供登临。钟楼原有明永乐年间铸造的铁钟一口，置放于楼外平地上，后由古钟博物馆收藏。钟楼内正中位置安架一八角形木框架，其上悬钟。该钟铸造于明永乐十八年，钟通高7.02米，最大直径3.40米，重约63吨，为目前我国发现最重的铜钟，被誉为“古钟之王”它是研究古代冶金史和大型青铜器物铸造技术的重要实物。。钟楼正南为一座与围墙相连的三联大门，中门内为清乾隆十二年(1745年)重建钟楼碑一通，螭首方座，碑首题额《御制重建钟楼碑记》，碑阳为经筵讲官户部尚书梁诗正奉敕敬书碑文，碑阴为民国十四年(1925年)十月京兆尹薛笃弼书的《京兆通俗教育馆记》碑文。

钟楼后面(南面那一座)是鼓楼。鼓楼总占地面积约为7000平方米。南侧门前有石狮子一对，高约1.25米。

鼓楼，初名齐政楼，建于元至元九年(1272)，明永乐十八年(1420)重建，现存建筑为明嘉靖年十八年(1539)所建.楼高46.7米，，为重檐三滴水木结构楼阁建筑，通高46.7米。楼身有上下二个功能层和中间的一个结构暗层，平面面阔五间，进深三间，外带周围廊;城台(下层)外显面阔七间，进深五间，内部为拱券结构，前后各有三座券门，左右各一券门，南门前有一对石狮。楼台东北隅有一门，门内有石梯69级，由此登临。鼓楼屋顶为灰筒瓦绿琉璃剪边重檐歇山式，正脊两端安背兽，平坐周围以木制滴珠板封护，下层檐为四坡屋顶，各层屋顶戗脊上曾置狮子为首的五跑小兽，现为仙人为首的七跑小兽。上层檐下施重昂五踩斗拱，下层檐下施单翘单昂五踩斗拱，平坐下施重翘五踩斗拱。室内方砖漫地，外檐装修采用六抹方格格扇门窗。上层室外环楼有走廊，设木栏杆，四角支撑有擎檐柱。鼓楼二层内原有主鼓一面，群鼓二十四面，代表代表一年二十四个节气，清代的群股如今仅存一面主鼓，鼓高2.22米，长2.25米，腰径1.71米，鼓面直径1.40米，已残破不堪，并在鼓皮上留有侵华日军用刺刀捅破的刀痕;有木制鼓座，鼓座为红油漆上雕云纹，高1.8米，长2米，宽1.9米。1988年依据旧主鼓复制两面新鼓;后又依据清嘉庆年间的史料记载仿制主鼓一面，鼓高2.40米，鼓面直径1.60米，二十四面小鼓高1.60米，鼓面直径1.12米。 从前在鼓楼上还有用于计时的“铜刻漏”，可惜早已遗失。据文献记载：“鼓楼之铜刻漏制极精妙，故老相传，以为先宋故物，其制为铜漏壶四：上曰‘天池’，次曰‘平水’，又次曰‘万分’，下曰‘收水’„„口安挠神，设机械，时至，则每刻击铙者八，以壶水满为度。涸则随是增添，冬则用火温之。”当年鼓楼击鼓报时，有一定的规律。每晚7时“定更”，击鼓两通，共108声，以后，每个 更次都击鼓两通108声，直至五更(晨5时)击最后的“亮更”鼓。击鼓也有一定的节奏，至今，北京仍流传着“紧十 八，慢十八，不紧不慢又十八”之说。 鼓楼以漏刻计时，击鼓定更;从元朝到清朝，钟楼撞钟报时的历史延续了652年。1924年后钟楼，鼓楼成为京城民众教育及娱乐场所。曾一度名为“明耻楼”，展有八国联军在北京屠杀和抢掠的图片、实物和模型。

现在，为了传承古老民族文化精华，钟鼓楼文物保管所已完成了铜刻漏的仿制及二十五面定更鼓的复制。再现了“漏刻计时、击鼓定更、撞钟报时”的恢弘历史画面，精心仿制的铜刻漏可生动演示古代计时与报刻;每日定更的击鼓表演，每年新旧交替的撞钟活动，吸引越来越多的中外游客走进钟鼓楼。

钟鼓楼之上还是鸟瞰北京古都风貌最好的地方，您可以在这里好好欣赏一下北京城。

各位游客，物品的讲解到此就暂告一段落了，谢谢大家。

外出旅行自然少不了拍照，对于大部分游客来说，无论走到哪都喜欢用相机记录下自己的旅途，然后分享到自己的朋友圈当中，渐渐的这也成为了一种旅游的习惯。但并不是所有的景点都很适合拍照，例如5a级景区颐和园，进去浏览的时候，导游都会提醒到，有些地方不能合影，这是为什么呢？

颐和园位于北京西郊，是我国清朝时期的一座皇家园林，具有着独特的价值意义，早在上个世纪就被列为了全国第1批重点文物保护单位。和故宫一样，这里的人文景观非常浓厚，同时又不缺乏自然美景。在每个节假日，颐和园往往都会人满为患，到处都是拍照的游客。

细心的游客可能发现了，在颐和园中有一个地方是不能合影的，这个地方就是位于颐和园乐寿堂院子里的“北太湖石”旁。这块石头体积庞大，重量达到了30多吨，造型奇特，并且上面还刻着乾隆皇帝的手书“青芝岫”。

颐和园这所园林当中并不缺乏石头，但是这一块石头十分的特殊，在游客们的眼中，这块石头还有着另外一个名字叫做“败家石”。顾名思义，名字就告诉了我们答案，如果游客们想与这块石头合影的话，导游往往都会站出来进行阻止，说这是一种不祥的征兆，建议大家不要拍照。

关于这块石头，背后也有着一个非常有趣的故事，与“败家石”的名字有关。

故事要追溯到明朝年间，有一个叫米万种的富豪，爱好收集天下的奇石，石头的形状越是不一样，就越受他的青睐。在一次机缘巧合之下，米万种和管家一起在北京远郊的深山当中发现了这块石头，这块石头实在是太特别了，深受富豪的喜爱。

可是这块石头的体积如此庞大，如何运输却成为了一个难题，毕竟深山与自己的园林路程比较远。富豪一开始想着找几个强壮的劳动力一起将石头搬回去，可是当真正实施起来，却发现取得的效果非常显微，怪石只挪动了一点点距离。

这可让富豪感到发愁不已，这个时候管家献上了一计，管家建议修建一条专门的道路，等到冬天的时候，将道路上面泼满水，待道路结冰，这样这块石头运输起来便很容易了。

听闻此计后，富豪大喜，隔日便开始了修建道路，修建道路修到了一半，富豪却发现自己的家产已经挥霍完了，甚至这个月连修路工人的工资都难以发放。原本富甲一方的富豪，如今已经开始变得身无分文，这块石头也被扔到了路边，无人问津，大家给他起了一个“败家石”的名字。

石头本无错，但是寓意不好，久而久之便流传成了如今的习俗，对此大家都是怎么看的呢。

Imagination of hutong in Beijing, is a quiet, clean, harmonious and peaceful. When I enter the hutong neighborhoods, sitting on the human tricycles, accompanied by the bell, shuttle less in the courtyard of neat feeling.

My trip to Beijing hutong from pipe smoke byway started the earliest Beijing hutongs, but no impression of shadow. In addition to the old, bumpy and full of mud green flag to prove its history, on both sides of the house is a bit can't see the years vicissitudes of life. House is trying to keep the style of of primitive simplicity, but seem very uncomfortable. Who lives with shops, mixed with underwear hanging on the street without cover, buzzing flies unbridled ground playing the rubbish in the corner.

Through the pipe of diagonal into hutong neighborhoods, slowly to find a little feeling. The afternoon sun on a few sparse poplar tree in the alley, and from leaking in leaf gap between, on the ground to form the dappled light and shadow, birds and cicadas seems to break the silence, silence silent. Away from the downtown of hutong, a peaceful, as if every other city. Without a map, only know that all the hutongs out "through", also no matter so much, go blind. And so, hutong tour pleasantly surprised unceasingly, full of fun. , for example, two turn son, encountered the drum tower, and walk, a while after the sultry swaying willow Yin was the palace, is the big corrupt official and arsenic home garden. And the 13 middle school in Beijing, is the tao baylor ye palace. Hey! In one hundred old buildings learning modern scientific and cultural knowledge, probably see a new world. The school, will be a combination of classical and modern perfectly. Turn seven took, hit the mei lanfang's former residence. This is a standard siheyuan, is rich to live within the range of a spacious house. The siheyun of now see on television, share, is also home to a few few single-family house. a

Walking in the alley, see the houses are painted on both sides of the road, the green paint, green paint falls off in some places, revealing the mottled walls. Buy a pile of hutong postcards all the ruins, the roof long weeds, parked at the gate of broken bicycle; Vendors carry a burden, shaved teacher carrying carrying pole with its load, a knife of pushing the car, Shouting a lane. Hutong in summer is cool, winter? The wind through the alleys, snow, blocking the road to sell carbon labored to pull tricycle difficult along...

Yes, Beijing's hutong is ailing. A history of coagulation, in one hundred the capital of the humanities, thus being a little eating into high-rise buildings. Many people always called for, Shouting: "put some hutongs left to future generations," the idea is good, but for those three generations the petty townsfolk and ordinary people, old and young in a room, in order to keep hutongs and crowded in a small room, it is not fair. Now hutongs, some really has been broken, and only those who deliberately protection of cultural relics are beautiful, the other only in front of the fuzzy stone, lost the edges of the board and the towering old trees recording the hutong's prosperous. And all this, it is necessary to be replaced by a modern things, because things are growing.

My hutong tour will be at the end, I walked into a halal Beijing snack bar, choose the opening on the seat, smelling the aroma of Fried cake, steamed stuffed bun, through the be born glass looked at the street. The lights on, hutong courtyard raised smoke, children playing by his mother calling home for dinner. And I look around the store, the edge of the square table is diners. From the human face, I can't see the tall building is yearning, also can not read and attachment to the hutong, perhaps in hutong life has become a historical inertia, or perhaps, they change from the bottom of my heart quietly looking forward to...

年的社会大课堂活动，全体六年级学生来到了位于顺义区北京国际鲜花港，并有幸参观了第十一届中国(北京)菊花展览会。 菊花是中国十大名花之一，在中国已有三千多年的栽培历史，古神话传说中菊花又被赋予了吉祥，长寿的含义。

经过了两个小时的车程，我们来到了目的地。刚进入大门就闻到这一些弥漫四周的花香，突然间有一种精神上的放松油然而生一种亲近大自然的感觉似乎向往陶渊明那种采菊东篱下，悠然见南山的生活。碧绿清秀的湖水令人心旷神怡，一簇簇的鲜花也在争奇斗艳。那成片的花儿令人赏心悦目，这些花儿看上去色彩鲜艳，朝气蓬勃。有的花瓣像一枚枚金针，有的花瓣层层叠叠，有的像一团团的绣球，还有的迎风而立向游客，尤其是湖中的莲花，紫红色的花瓣在荷叶的衬托下，显得十分娇艳，宛若一个亭亭玉立的少女。 午饭以后，我们排着队走进一个大展厅。看到了用鲜花装饰的花轿，有的同学还想亲身感受一下;我也想亲手抱抱，亲亲那个可爱的小娃娃;我还想骑上那匹骏马飞奔而去;我更想开着敞篷汽车游车河。在这里，我们还看到了颜色各异的菊花。我印象最深的是用菊花装饰的地铁。地铁的窗户上贴纸片，纸片上介绍着菊花的花语：红色代表着喜恋，黄色代表着友情，白色代表纯洁优雅……

通过这次社会大课堂活动，我知道了关于花的各种知识，还见到了平常难以见到的花。这次鲜花港之旅十分有意义。

大家早上好，欢迎来到北京，我是你们的导游，我的名字是李杨，今天由我带领大家游览美丽的北京，你们叫我李导就可以了。

今天我们要去的是故宫，我带大家进去走一走，看一看。

瞧！呈现在我们眼前的是太和殿，小朋友，你看：这个建筑是不是对称的呀？故宫大多建筑都是采用中轴对称，旅客朋友们知道吗？现在请大家跟着我到楼梯上凑近了看，你们有没有看到大小不同的门？大家可能不知道，其实这些门也是有讲究的，正中间是皇帝走的，左右的门是给官员走的。据说，太和殿被大火烧过了三四次，可如今还和原来一样，可见古人对皇帝是十分尊敬的。

大家抬一下头，看见金黄色屋顶上的小兽了吗？我们数一数，有多少个……，是不是有11个？是不是故宫里最多的？(过了一分钟）你知道为什么这么多吗？是因为太和殿很重要，小兽越多就越重要，小朋友，你觉得这有没有道理？

现在，我们休息30分钟，你们可以拍拍照，坐一会儿，等时间一到，请大家到中和殿门口集中，另外，要注意安全，不要乱扔垃圾，小心小偷，祝大家游玩愉快。

Chinese food is divided into four big cuisines sichuan, guangdong, shandong, jiangsu, and dozens of branch of major cuisine, there are thousands of different flavors, each branch work different famous manufacturer, food culture is means all the world, impressive.

Beijing capital, brought together the national cuisine, is to eat what you crave. Not only that, in recent years in Beijing's western cuisine also in Kyoto, French food, Russian western food, Italian food, American fast food, has become Beijing on-off taste delicious. Since long, however, came to Beijing, you have to taste the first genuine Beijing cuisine. Kyoto today, it is the delicacy of the foreign administrative, even all over the country, people can enjoy almost any kind of cuisines of China all over the world the best flavor, so, for the guests to Beijing today, seize the opportunity, and are indeed very lucky.

Beijing roast duck is regarded as "world a delicious", also is the representative work of Beijing flavor. One of the best places to eat roast duck, when Beijing front door, the peace arch, wangfujing quanjude roast duck restaurant. The shop was founded 130 years ago, if from the ancestor of roast duck restaurant Yang Renquan operating ducks, that is going to push for 30 years. Palace cuisine is one of the pillars of the Beijing cuisine, reflect the historical characteristics of Beijing 800 for all, a real blue blood. Today, imperial dishes into folk already, although strictly keeping his aristocratic demeanor. Because of Beijing winter cold, hot pot is from Beijing's pet on the table. Flavor snack is a feature in Beijing, as a result of destinations ethnic characteristics snacks, breed is very rich. The street there are many snack bar, night market and the free market also have snacks stalls, in the Spring Festival, temple fair, flowers at the meeting - always the most attractive places. At present, can eat snacks in Beijing have a cake, soy milk, rice cakes, Fried cake, soybean curd, tea soup, roast sweet potato, wonton, baked wheat cake, etc.

北京景点英文导游词相关

各位亲爱的游客朋友们：

大家早上好！欢迎来到八达岭长城风景区，我是你们的导游，我叫李威成，大家可以叫我李导，希望我的服务能让大家充分了解八达岭长城，获得满意的旅游体验。

进入景区前，我向大家简单介绍一下长城。我国的长城从东头的山海关到西头的嘉峪关，全长一共13000多里，号称“万里长城”，是世界八大奇迹之一。它在崇山峻岭之间蜿蜒盘旋，就像一条巨龙，气魄雄伟。希望我的服务能让大家充分了解八达岭长城，并获得一次满意的旅游体验。请追随我的脚步，登上长城顶部吧。

各位游客，我们已经来到长城顶部了。

长城顶上铺着方砖，非常平坦，像普通的马路，两辆卡车可以并行。城墙外沿有成排的两米多高的垛子，垛子上有方形的瞭望口和射口，供瞭望口和射击用。城墙顶上，每隔三百多米，就有一个方形城台，那是屯兵的堡垒，打仗的时候可以互相呼应。

下面是自由活动的时候，两个小时以后再回到这里集合，在解散之前，我温馨提示一下：一、你不要攀爬城墙外沿和内沿；二、不要在城墙上刻字、涂写和乱扔垃圾。