北京的导游词(最新20篇)

大家好！欢迎大家前来浏览我国的历史文化遗产“圆明园”。我叫钱书逸，大家也可以叫我钱导。希望我的讲解能给大家一点思考和启示。

圆明园的辉煌已成为过去，我们现在看到的尽是残垣断壁，尽管如此，它还是能让我们感受到祖国悠久的历史文化，我们要牢记“落后就要挨打”的耻辱，发奋图强，立志让祖国更加强大。圆明园位于北京市西郊，海淀区东面，它是清代皇家一座大型御苑，占地约5200亩，规模十分宏大。圆明园有圆明、长春、绮春三园组成。它的陆地面积和故宫一样大，水域面积和颐和园差不多。圆明园汇集了当时江南若干名园胜景的特点，分布着40个景区。圆明园是一座举世闻名的皇家园林，其中有金碧辉煌的殿堂，有玲珑剔透的亭台楼阁，有象征着热闹的“买卖街”，也有象征着田园风光的山乡村野。可想而知，昔日的圆明园气势是多么的宏大。然而，1860年，所有这些都被英法联军洗劫一空，剩下的就是这些残垣断壁了。旅客朋友们，浏览圆明园，我们一定要牢记耻辱，发奋图强，争取让祖国变得更加繁荣昌盛。

好了，下面请大家自由参观浏览，顺便提醒大家，在浏览的过程中，不要乱涂乱画，不要乱扔垃圾，一定要保护好我们祖国的历史文化遗产。

各位朋友，我们现在所处的位置是绮望楼，位于景山北面南北中轴线上，原为皇帝供奉孔子牌位处。坐北朝南，黄琉璃筒瓦歇山顶，重楼重檐，面阔5间，进深3间。上檐单昂三踩斗拱，明时悬匾额用满、汉文书写绮望楼;下檐单昂五彩斗拱，前带廊，有丁头拱雀替，旋子彩画。四周有汉白玉石护栏。

各位朋友，景山由五座山峰组成，髙43米，为旧时北京城内的制高点，东、西、北三面砌有爬山磴道。山顶五亭建于清乾隆十五年(公元1750年)，造型优美，秀丽壮观。居于中峰的叫万春亭，是一座方形、三重檐、四角攒尖式的黄琉璃瓦亭，宏伟壮观。其两侧是两座双重檐、八角形、绿琉璃瓦亭，东侧的名叫周赏，西侧的称为富览。两亭外侧还有两座圆形、重檐蓝琉璃瓦亭，东为观妙，西为辑芳。旧时，每座亭内均设有铜铸佛像一尊，统叫五位神，又有代表甘、辛、苦、酸、咸的五味神之称。1920xx年，被八国联军掠走四尊、砸毁一尊(万春亭中的毗卢遮那佛h五亭矗立山脊，中高侧低,主从分明，左右对称。更兼梁柱飞金，顶瓦映彩，绿树环合，蓝天相衬，构成一幅壮阔、精美的画图i游人至此，必奋力登攀，以一睹首都壮丽迷人的无限风光为快慰!

各位朋友，现在我们看到的是寿皇殿。寿皇殿是位于景山正北面的一组建筑，有正殿、左右山殿、东西配殿以及神厨、神库、碑亭、井亭等附属建筑组成。垣墙呈方形,坐北朝南。外有4柱9楼木牌坊3座，分东、南、西三面，均为琉璃筒瓦庑殿顶。通面阔16.2米，均带斗拱，门前正中有牌楼式拱券门3座。黄琉璃瓦庑殿顶，琉璃重昂五彩斗拱。通面阔20米，通进深4.2米。两侧各有旁门1座，黄琉璃筒瓦庑殿顶，琉璃单昂单翘五彩斗拱。南墙门内为寿皇门，黄琉璃筒瓦歇山顶。面阔5间，进深3间。重昂五彩斗拱，和玺彩画。四周有汉白玉石栏杆，八级踏步，中间带御路。寿皇门两旁有侧门，均为黄琉璃筒瓦庑殿顶，单昂单翘五彩斗拱单昂。寿皇门左右各有配亭1座，黄琉璃筒瓦顶，每面宽6.1米，一斗二升交麻叶头斗拱，下有石围栏。寿皇门东西有配殿各5间，进深1间，黄琉璃筒瓦悬山顶调大脊，一斗二升交麻叶头斗拱，旋子彩画。

各位游客朋友，现在我们看到的是观德殿，它在南墙正中有大门1间，琉璃砖瓦仿木结构，黄琉璃筒瓦歇山顶单翅单昂五彩斗拱，两侧各开随墙门1座。前为观德门5间，黄琉璃筒瓦硬山调大脊，一斗三升斗拱，前后出廊，旋子彩画。东西配殿各3间，黄琉璃筒瓦硬山顶，一斗二升交麻叶头斗拱。后殿3间，筒瓦硬山籀头脊。后殿耳房各三间，筒瓦硬山元宝顶，前出廊，旋子彩画。

各位游客朋友，景山东麓，原有一株向东倾斜的低矮老槐树，是明朝末代皇帝崇祯(朱由检)上吊自杀的地方。因明朝末年政治腐败，豺狼当道，民不聊生，从而导致人民揭竿而起。崇祯十七年(公元1644年)农历三月十八，李自成率领的农民起义军打进北京城时，崇祯见大势已去，在走投无路之下，便逼死皇后，砍杀昭仁公主等，然后仓皇逃到景山，以发遮脸，吊死在驼背的老槐树下，从此明王朝灭亡。陪同崇祯自尽的还有他的御前太监王承恩。原树早已枯死伐除，现存槐树为重新栽种的，并挂有说明牌，记述了这一历史事实。清军人关后，为招降明廷官吏，称这棵槐树为罪槐，用铁链加锁，并规定清室皇族成员路过此地都要下马步行。原树向南倾斜，已枯死，后补栽。树边有一石碑，刻“明思宗殉国处”。

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen:

Welcome to Beijing, welcome you to participate in the hutong. My name is xx, you can call me Grace. Since I was young, I grew up in the hutongs. Today I will take you to visit here, if you have any question, I will do my best to give you a satisfactory answer, make your hutong tour pleasant and memorable.

First of all, I will start with the word "hutong". Experts believe that the word "hutong" is derived from the Mongolian language, meaning "well". In ancient times people living and gathered around the well, so the meaning of the word "hutong" should be "in the people's life. Another explanation is that during the yuan dynasty (13th century), residential area is divided into several regions, areas between the aisles for residents. Another effect of the corridor has been isolated fire. In the Mongolian language, the corridor called hutong. Whatever its exact meaning, one thing is for sure, hutong in Beijing is the first time in the yuan dynasty.

In the 13th century, a Mongolian tribes in the north is becoming more and more powerful. Under the leadership of the tribal leader genghis khan, they occupied the rulers of nations - Beijing. In A.D. 1271, genghis khan's grandson Kublai Khan established the yuan dynasty, made in Beijing in 1272 countries. Unfortunately city was completely destroyed in the war, therefore had to be built. In ancient times, built buildings and roads need symmetrical, so they must find a center, according to the city's center building, the design of the whole city is like a checkerboard. About to build more than 50 residential area, residential area between the road and hutongs connect. At the time, road, street, alley has a clear concept. 37 meters wide road, streets of 18 meters wide, hutong is 9 meters wide.

Today, we see most of the hutongs are the Ming and qing dynasties, no one can say exactly how many hutong in Beijing. But one thing is clear, if connect each hutong, a total length more than the famous Great Wall. Speak more clearly, equivalent to build a highway from Seattle to Boston, it's across the continental United States! Today you can find different shape, length, and the direction of the hutong. The shortest hutong is only 10 meters long, the narrowest hutong just 40 cm wide, that is to say, like I need to walk sideways to figure through the hutongs, also some hutongs have more than 20.

With the growth of the population, some old hutongs, replaced by the springing up of high-rise buildings. Today, I am very glad to take you to well preserved hutong tour, believe it will make you to a typical Chinese residents have a deeper understanding of life. Ok, go!

When we entered the alley, you may find almost all of the walls and brick are grey. In fact, behind the wall is the home of the residents, we call it the "siheyuan". Which is a rectangle around the walls of the four rooms, each room door toward the courtyard. In the past, a courtyard only belongs to a family, but now with the growth of the population, most of the courtyard four to ten families.

We can only see in the hutong courtyard gate. The ancient Chinese people don't want there to be a stranger to bother, so from the appearance of the door can see the identity and status of the owner. The door, for example, tall and big, the door has brick decorated eaves. Carefully look at its design, Li Zihua and bamboo, which means that the owner was serve the emperor of the nobles. Look next to the door, and there is a lion pattern, suggesting that once lived here attache. Interesting, isn't it?

Let's take a look at the door, almost every door has a bar, do you remember we saw in the Palace Museum and the Summer Palace is also the same bar? The effect is a exorcism asylum. Folklore imp is very short, they are not able to skip the steps of high, so set the crossbar.

It treats two against the crossbar stone pillow, have the effect of reinforcement on its gates. Similarly, it also has a decorative role. The two stone drum stone, like drum has a lion on top of it, in the front with two mouth containing copper bat around. In China, people like bats very much, because it's pronunciation is the same as the blessing of blessings, and use it to make adornment to be able to bring good luck for you. Some pillow door is a rectangle, they are after drum stones. They are the product of nearly 100 years, generally appeared at the door of the small and medium-sized siheyuan, usually decorated with flowers and god.

In the past, the traffic is not developed like now, street vendors play an important role in the hutongs, between them in hutong, selling all kinds of goods or provide services. People can distinguish from different cries of what they want to sell or provide what kind of service. They sell food is mainly a pancake, millet congee, Fried fruit, and Fried dough sticks and some vegetables. The barber does not Shouting, he only need to take a haircut tools completes the labor of duty. In the present, but here is modern life atmosphere, is hard to hear the ringing cries of old Beijing.

Over there sat a group of people, you know what are they doing? They were building the new Great Wall! They are using the latest brick - mahjong tiles. It is a very popular pastime, especially in the retired old people.

You may want to ask, why some old people wear red band? Their neighborhood volunteers, they think it is their duty. If you think they are too old to work rather than their armbands, you'd be wrong. Because of these lovely old man, the region will be peaceful and safe environment.

The biggest charm of hutong life is friendly exchanges between people. The children grew up together, like a family. Therefore, Chinese government intends to protect this area without government approval, shall not dismantle sloshing in this region, maintain this precious heritage for our children and grandchildren.

Time really fast! Today we're going to end in the travel. You must have learned that many of our traditional way of life and the housing situation, I hope you not only view, and learn more about hutong culture and people here. If one day you visit again, I will invite you to my home.

Thank you all! Hope you enjoy the rest of the trip to China!

Воображаемые Пекин переулок, забираем кайлу к себе, чистый, гармонии и покойный. Когда я в переулок район, сижу людских трехколесный велосипед, сопровождается хрустальный звон, смешаться с JiZheng, но меньше сыхэюйан в чувство.

Я в пекине переулок путешествие из пекина впервые в переулке пипочка XieJie начал, но совсем не впечатление в тени. Помимо ветхозаветный выпукло неровный и произведение полный каменщик, доказать, что QingShiBan в его истории, обе стороны дома — ни на йоту не вижу в годы превратности судьбы. Хотя бы сохранить дом настоятельно GuPiao стиль, но выглядит особенно не в ладах. Проживающий в и плотник размешать с, белье сушится на уличном с не прятать, жужжание мух циническое спектакль окажутся на краеугольный мусор.

Посмотрела пипочка XieJie в переулок район, только медленно сдачи осталось ощущение. После полудня Солнце светит на аллее несколько деревьев редкий тополь, опять из листьев промежуток между утечка вниз, на земле, GuangYing образование пестрый из птицы, цикады сын также, по-видимому, не перенести нарушить этот тихий, молча 不做声. От юр в переулке, вид, как будто QingYou притягиваются через город. Без карты, знаю только все переулок "сквозное QiEr», независимо от того, столько, слепой идти. И именно так, чтобы приказа, переулок тур сюрприз постоянно, полон интересный. Скажем, оттягивать два колено сын, я наткнулся на ZhongGuLou, снова ходить некоторое, колыхаться-ива инь после GongQinWang провинциях, т.е. был большой дом, в нем мышьяк и чиновники. Еще 13 средних школ пекина, был белькхеир) Ye княжеский дворец. Эй! Сижу органично старомодный строительных учиться в современных знаний, науки, культуры, BieYouDongTian. Эту школу, будет классическая с современными идеально сочетает вставай. Семь кривошип BaGuai, наткнувшись на дом-музей Мэй ланьфан г. Это был норм, сыхэюйан богат семья живет только гораздо медленнее, чем просторный дом. Сегодня по телевизору сыхэюйан, тоже несколько дом жить вместе, мало отдельный дом с. Один

Раздень в переулке, смотри на дорогу по бокам дом все кисть на голубой лак, местами синяя краска слезла, выглядывать, испещренный стены. Купить пакет переулок открытка-JingShi руины, крыши долго сорняк, двери остановился автомобиль тряпичная велосипед; Разносчик центнер с раздорах брить голову мастер выбирает на TiaoZi, точильный, толкаю машины, сообщили на нох нох нох. Лето переулке обратный также остынь, зима? Холодный ветер, снег в переулке от через сопротивление живет дорога, продать углерода с большим скрипом ла трехколесном велосипеде сложные дальше...

Да, в пекине в переулке провал. Фильм затвердевание истории, столетний столице гуманитарные ракурс, вот немного выявляются высотное здание поглотили. Многие люди в общий призыв, лозунг: «переулок оставить что-нибудь для будущих поколений», это хорошо, хотя идея для тех детей, анализировалась одна камера XiaoShiMin и простые люди, например, чтобы сохранить переулок, а заталкивать в DouShi, где было бы нечестно. Теперь переулок, либо очень уже без полного, только те кропотливо защиты артефактов, еще более красивой, осталось только перед другими пятно каменный столб, потерял угол настольные и крупный GuShu вести записи переулок XiRi на основе. И все это, это неизбежно будет модернизации, что альтернативы, потому что, вещи непрерывного развития.

Я в переулке путешествие подходит к концу, я вошел в одной мусульманская Пекин буфет, выбрал фронтона место присесть, нюхать, жареный липкий, пирожок ароматом, сквозь стекло смотреть на улице падает. В начале HuaDeng на улочках различных верфи поднимается на виться, ChuiYan играли дети были мать позвала домой на ужин. Я снова озираться магазине, квадратный стол край принес положительный лопайте. Из людей на лице, я не вижу на небоскребами, тоска, и не читать в переулок с ностальгического, возможно, в переулке жизнь стала своего рода истории, а также инерции, возможно, они в душе под шумок ожидать изменений...

大家好!今天咱们一起来到了中国的“世界文化遗产”之一——天坛。天坛是明清两代皇帝祭天、祈谷的祭祀建筑，建于明代永乐十八年，也就是1420年。

现在请大家跟随我从北门进入。一进门大家就可以看见四排整整齐齐的绿松树，中间这两排是龙柏，两旁则是高大的松柏。走过门洞，走上台阶，就是著名的祈年殿。祈年殿四周的围墙是方方正正的，而祈年殿本身从下至上都是圆形的，这代表了“天圆地方”。殿中有28根柱子分为三种：第一种是最长也是最精美、红色雕金的四根柱子，位于中央，叫“龙柱”，又叫“通天柱”，代表春夏秋冬四个季节。第二种是位于中圈朱红色的十二根柱子，叫“金柱”，代表一年中的十二个月。第三种是位于外圈与殿身成一体的十二根巨柱，叫“檐柱”，代表一天中的十二个时辰。第二种加第三种24根柱子代表了一年中的24个节气，三种总共28根柱子代表了28个星宿。殿里有八把椅子意味着有八个皇帝，前面放着他们的牌位。殿中有上贡的牛，桌上还有许多食物，都是用来祭祀的。等祭祀完成后就要把牛羊等动物放到殿外的燔柴炉里烧掉。

接下来我们要从祈年殿南门直走先去皇穹宇和回音壁，不过遗憾地告诉大家，由于以前有人不爱惜公物遗产，在回音壁上乱涂乱刻，现在已经用铁栅栏封上了，希望大家参观游览时要爱护公物遗产。之后我们再去圜丘，大家可以站在天心石上吼两嗓子，声音可非同一般呀，一定是又浓厚又洪亮。

现在我们就出发了……

Armies of passengers, everyone! Welcome to visit the Summer Palace, I am a small lead decorous wen, please we care a lot! Ok, I'll tell you something about knowledge about the Summer Palace!

The Summer Palace, is China's largest and best-preserved imperial garden existing, is one of China's four big gardens, known as the royal garden museum. The other three gardens as: chengde summer resort, suzhou the humble administrator's garden, and the lingering garden in suzhou. The Summer Palace was built in 1750, built in 1764, the 14 years, built out of the plane or on the surface of the object is about 290 hectares of the Summer Palace.

Now we enter the Summer Palace. The Summer Palace is a beautiful big park, around the hall, came to the famous promenade. The aisle has more than 700 meters long, divided into 273. You look up, each cross sill have colorful paintings, painted figures, flowers and plants, landscape. Thousands of picture is not that is the same. Look at both sides, both sides gallery, filled with flowers and trees, a phuong haven't flowers, that a phuong flowers opened again.

Armies of passengers, covered corridor, a mountain emerge in front of us, the mountain is called longevity hill, 58. 59 meters, halfway up the hill, a triangular pyramid three house building stands in there, that is the Buddha nasal pavilion. The rows of resplendent and magnificent palace, under the row is cloud temple.

On the mountainside of the longevity hill, the Summer Palace landscape in half closed, are the quiet like a mirror in front, green, like a jasper lake is kunming lake, it accounted for three-quarters of the dominated.

Coming down from the longevity hill, the kunming lake. Lake center has a small island, the tips of the trees, we want to the island by a stone bridge, there are seventeen little tunnel in this stone, so called ten 7 bridge. We look at both sides, bridge railing on hundreds of pillar, pillar are engraved a little lion. A lion also have different attitude, no two are the same.

Armies of passengers, today's trip to the Summer Palace is almost over, I hope you have fun!

看过北京颐和园英文导游词

故宫建于公元1420xx年，南北长961米，东西宽763米，面积约723600平方米，大小院子有90多座，房屋有980多座，共计7078间。故宫的前半部分建筑形象是严肃、庄严、壮丽、雄伟的，以象征皇上的至高无上。后半部分叫内廷，则富有生活气息，建筑多事自成院落，有花园、书斋、馆榭、山石等。

现在我们马上就到乾清宫了。乾清宫是内廷的正殿，高20米，殿的正中央有宝座，内有“正大光明”匾，两头有暖阁。清康熙前此处为皇帝居住和处理政务之处。清雍正后皇帝移居养心殿，但仍在此处批阅奏折、选派官吏和召见下臣。请大家注意，在解散之后，不要随便触摸这些古老的文物，以防破损。

下面我们要去御花园，请大家排好队。

御花园里有高耸的松柏，珍贵的花木、山石和亭阁。御花园原名叫宫后苑，占地11000多平方米，有建筑20余处。以钦安殿为中心，园林建筑采用主次相辅、左右对称的格局，布局紧凑，古典富丽，可以说是保存的古亭中最为华丽的花园了。注意事项：如果大家有垃圾，请及时扔到垃圾箱里，不要丢在故宫里。

谢谢大家今天的参观，再见!

各位游客大家好，我是旅行社的导游员，我姓宋，在接下来的几天当中，我将陪伴大家共同游览北京的名胜风景，希望通过我的讲解，能够是您对北京留下非常美好的印象，同时也希望您能对我的工作提出宝贵的意见。好，现在我们就开始今天的游览行程吧。

故宫占地72万平方米，其中建筑面积为16.3万平方米，南北长961米，东西宽753米，周围有10米高的城墙环绕，还有宽52米的护城河，在四角都建有一座精美的角楼。根据1973年的统计，故宫有大小院落90多座，房屋有980座，共计8704间。明朝永乐皇帝朱棣登基不久，在永乐四年，也就是1420xx年下诏营建北京紫禁城。修建分为两个阶段，第一阶段是从永乐四年开始备料，而第二阶段就是在永乐十五年，1420xx年六月开始动工兴建，历时20xx年，在永乐十八年，1420xx年完工。在建造过程中，征集了全国10万名能工巧匠和民夫100万人，而建筑材料都来自全国各地，比如汉白玉石来北京房山，金砖来自苏州，石灰来自河北易州，五色虎皮石来自河北蓟县盘山，殿基所用的精砖石来自山东临清，松木多来自东北，而楠木多来自四川、云贵、浙江等地，可见当时工程的浩大。故宫基本上是按照明中都皇宫的蓝图而修建的，布局规划遵循了《周礼·考工计》的都城设计礼制：前朝后寝，左祖右社。大致分为南北两个部分，南半部位前朝，北半部则为后寝。前朝是以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，文华殿和武英殿为东西两翼，是皇帝举行朝会的地方。而后寝则是以乾清、交泰、坤宁这后三殿以及东西六宫、御花园为中心，外东路、外西路的建筑为主，是皇帝处理日常政务和后宫皇妃居住、祭祀的地方。左祖右社是这样布局的：在午门外东侧是皇帝祭祖的场所太庙，西侧则是祭社稷的场所社稷坛。按照这种布局建筑而成的故宫就是明清两代24位皇帝的皇宫，其中明朝14位，清朝10位，统治时间总共长达五个世纪。由于它在中国历史上的特殊地位和它精美的建筑群体，所以在1987年被联合国教科文组织收录到了《世界文化遗产名录》当中，成为世界上规模最大、保存最完整的宫殿建筑群。现在在北京有一条贯穿南北的中轴线，被梁思成先生称为伟大的中轴线，全长8.5公里，南起永定门，北到钟楼，其中包括故宫在内的皇城就占了三分之一。这条中轴线也叫做龙脉，线上的景山是内城的中心点，也是故宫的镇山。

我们有时候还把故宫叫做紫禁城，而它的名称是怎样得来的呢?我国古代天文学家把天上的主要恒星分为三垣、四象和二十八星宿。三垣是太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。其中紫薇垣居中，是天上皇帝所居住的地方，称为紫宫。封建帝王自称是天帝的儿子，所以他们也把自己居住的皇宫象征为天上的紫宫。而且皇帝居住的地方戒备森严，不许庶民百姓接近，是绝对的禁地，又称为禁宫，所以这里也被叫做紫禁城。这里共有四道门，分别是午门、神武门、东华门和西华门。而紫禁城的正门就是午门，因为在罗盘上，上午的代表正南，所以午门也是南大门的意思。它的平面呈“凹”字型，从汉代的门阙形制演变过来。下端有高12米的墩台，正中的墩台上面有门楼，两侧还设有钟鼓亭，东西两侧突出的部分叫观，上部各有廊庑13间，两端还建有重檐攒尖方亭。中央的广场叫阙。在明清两代，这里是朝廷举行颁朔大典和献俘典礼的地方。正中开了三道门，两侧都有掖门，这种做法称为“明三暗五”。五个门洞都有各自的用途：中门是皇帝专用的，或者皇帝大婚的时候，皇后可以从这里入宫，科考三甲也可以从这里入宫;平时，文武百官走左门，宗室王公走右门;掖门只有在大型活动的时候才开，三品以下的官员按照文东武西分别通过东西掖门，外国使节要从西掖门才可以入宫;在殿试的时候，考生分单双号，从东西掖门中通过。

进入午门，我们首先看到的就是内金水河，它自西向东蜿蜒流过太和门广场，上边还有五座汉白玉石桥，就是内金水桥了。内金水河的作用不仅是故宫中排水的主要通道，也是建筑和灭火的主要水源，同时还起到了点缀景观的作用，使太和门广场在雄浑中不失秀美。

在太和门两旁还有两道门，就是德昭门和贞度门。每逢皇帝出宫，都要在太和门换车，而且皇帝大婚的时候，皇后也要从太和门进入皇宫。在光绪四年的时候就发生了这样一件事：在光绪皇帝大婚前夕，太和门突然被火烧毁了，可是大婚当天皇后要从这里经过，所以朝廷就在北京寻找了能工巧匠，连夜用彩绸还有木料搭建了一座假的太和门，才使得婚礼如期进行，而在第二年，太和门才重建完成。

过了太和门我们就进入了太和殿广场，它面积有3万多平方米，在每年的元旦、冬至、还有皇帝生日以及一些重大活动的时候，都要在太和殿以及太和殿广场举行隆重的朝礼。

现在我们面前这座宏伟的建筑就是太和殿了，它和中和殿还有保和殿是建立在一个土字型的三层台基上，台基南北长230米，高8.13米，在四周围还建有一些楼阁，其实就是清朝内务府所管辖的库房。太和殿是故宫中最高最大的建筑，面积有2377平方米，通高35.05米，面阔11间，进深5间。其实在明朝奉天殿的时候，这里市面阔9间，进深5间的大殿，到了清朝年间，将它改为了现在的大小，其实在两侧的夹室是封闭的，不能作为正殿使用，所以实际上还市面阔9间，进深5间，同时，也将它改名为太和殿。太和二字出自于《周易》中的：“保合大和”，而太和的观念是上古天人和一观念的延伸，强调了君臣之间，人与自然之间还有个民族之间的和谐。在太和殿的屋顶正脊上还有一个高3.36米的大吻，往下还有11个垂脊兽，在我国古代，异兽的数量越多，代表了殿宇等级越高。在殿内有72根大住支撑，当中的六根是沥粉贴金云龙图案的金柱，上面支撑了藻井，再藻井当中雕刻有蟠龙，龙口中衔有轩辕镜。轩辕二字出自于我国古代天文学中的轩辕星，意思就是轩辕黄帝之星，也是掌管雷雨之星，在殿顶上建有藻井，一是为了代表当朝的皇帝才是中华民族的正统继承人，第二则是起到了镇火的作用。

殿内的陈设也非常的多。金銮宝座是明代的遗物，清朝的皇帝继续使用。在袁复辟的时候，曾经将它换成了一个中西合璧，不伦不类类似沙发的座椅，解放以后，专家们在家具库中发现了原来的宝座，经过一年多的整修，终于恢复了它本来的面貌。

殿内的地平床高6尺多，上面设有屏风，宝座等，在台面上还有香亭、仙鹤等等。在皇帝上朝的时候，就要点燃檀香，烘托出一种神秘的气氛。殿中有一只象，身上驼着宝瓶，里面放有五谷，寓意天下太平，吉庆有余。而象身四脚立地，稳如泰山，象征社会和政权的稳固。称为太平有象。角端，是传说中的一种神兽，象征着当今皇帝是圣明之君。仙鹤被古人认为是一种长寿鸟，象征着江山长存。香亭是从香炉演变而来的，放在殿中，象征着国家安定。

在太和殿外还有很多的陈设。日 ：是我国古代的计时器，在此处标准的北京时间。

嘉量则是乾隆年间全国的标准化计量器，在乾清宫前也有一个。铜龟铜鹤都是长寿的动物，放置在这里也是寓意长寿。在故宫内有大小水缸308口，用来防火，叫做太平缸。在太和殿外的这两个镏金大缸，重2吨，可是上面的黄金却被八国联军用军刀刮走了。围绕着太和殿，还有一些故事。在1920xx年12月，四岁的溥仪在太和殿登基，他的父亲跪在宝座下，扶着他，可是溥仪却哭喊着说：“我不再这儿，我要回家，我不再这儿，我要回家。”他的父亲只好说：“别哭了别哭了，快完了。”典礼结束以后，文武百官窃窃私语说这不是个好兆头。果不其然，三年以后，孙中山先生领导辛亥革命胜利推翻了清王朝，结束了中国的封建帝制。可是在1920xx年，袁窃取了辛亥革命的胜利果实，自称“洪宪皇帝”，企图恢复封建社会，还在太和殿搞了登基典礼，把三大殿中匾额上的满文统统去掉了。而且还命令京城内的煤铺把墙上的“元煤”去掉，把元宵改为汤圆。不过他只作了83天的皇帝，就在全国一片倒袁声中死了。

你们好，我是你们本次颐和园游的导游，我叫朱巧琪，也可以叫我朱导。我这次带大家去的是颐和园，请大家听我讲解。

颐和园是个美丽的大公园。位于的郊海淀区。距15千米，是利用昆明湖作为蓝木，是一座规模最大的自然山水公园。占地面积约293公顷。它是中国现存最大，最完整的皇家园林。那里有长廊，佛香阁，昆明湖，十七孔桥等美丽景观。其构思之巧妙，建筑之精致。素有“皇家园林博物馆”之称。其实，颐和园早在1886年，慈禧挪用海军经费和其他费用，并于1888年改名为颐和园。1900年，颐和园又遭八国联军严重破坏，1902年再次修复。

大家看，我们来到了长廊。长廊有着绿漆的柱子，红漆的栏杆，一眼望不到头。这条长廊有700多米长，分成273间，每一间的横槛都有五彩的画，画着人、花、草、树、木，几千副画没有哪两副是重复的。

这里就是昆明湖。这里就是颐和园主要的水面，占地面积是颐和园地面的四分之一。差不多有一个佛山这么大。湖中有一道西堤，两旁桃柳成阴，水面平静。

好了，颐和园有说不尽的美丽，有看不尽的风景，希望你带家人、朋友们再次来到颐和园玩耍。

The alley ways of Beijing a dime a dozen, had eight hutongs world-famous. Because in those days, there was a tobacco LiuHang pronoun. "Eight hutongs" at the top of west pearl street, north of cycas, south of diagonal. "Eight" is refers to, the area at least 15 hutongs of old Beijing "red light district". Recognized as one of the eight hutongs are: best suitable hutong, rouge hutong, Han Gutan (now known as Korea's hutong), shanxi lane, stone hutong, Wang Guangfu diagonal (now known as palm diagonal), zhujiajian hutong, lee shamao hutong (now known as hutong, small hutong) energetically. In the alley outside of the eight lanes, also there are nearly hundred size brothels. Just then, the eight hutongs brothels are second-class, more prostitutes "class" is more high, so it is so famous. Eight hutongs in the past hundred along the hutongs, rouge hutong, Han Gutan, shaanxi lane, focus on the first class brothel; Stone hutong with numerous "teahouse", second class brothel; Wang Guangfu byway, zhujiajian hutong, lee shamao hutong, many scattered third-class brothels.

Yi yuan, such as the golden flower to live in is now a shanxi lane hotel; Small class of cloud, impatiens lived is now a painting; CAI and small impatiens double habitat of cherry byway 11 building, now a long palace hotel...

Eight hutongs, not "red light district" at the beginning, but besides the location of the troupe. The qing dynasty, a policy of "flag of the people points city", the eight banners lived in the inner city of Beijing, han people moved to the front door. Eight hutongs are initially offer vocational school choice in residence, hotels are the properties of the outdoor playhouses concentrated in dashilan, actors have been selected in the dashilan, xinhua street, east to the south of the eight hutongs. "When HuiBan besides just staying at the eight hutongs Han Gutan, best suitable hutong area, then four xi, the stage of spring up one after another in Beijing troupe, best suitable at eight hutongs hutongs, shanxi lane and li3 tie3 turn byway. So the old Beijing has a saying: the way to the tiger to mountain, singing opera from the shun, Han Gutan. Visible eight hutongs and drama activities.

"" xianggong" is developed by drama activity. The characteristics of the qing dynasty is very special, the forbidden SuChang and brothel origin, liyuan pederasty daxing, find '" xianggong "' became the vogue of the upper class, slowly developed into a same-sex love relationship to each other." "Xianggong", "is the male prostitutes, the ancient called" rabbit ", "small singing", or "little sexual abuse", there are also called "small hands", later said, "like the gu", that is like a girl's meaning, then a homonym for "" xianggong". "some even have" first lady "in the title.

In the late qing and early republic, brothels are mainly concentrated in the front door avenue, because here are near the inner city, officials out of the city, and enjoy more convenient; Second, there is the railway station, distributes the passengers; Three is the front door avenue is a famous business street, quite busy; Four is in this area is the concentrated outdoor playhouses, teahouse, restaurant, eat, drink, and be merry, form an organic whole.

, according to a statistics of the 30 s "eight big hutong" was registered on the business of the brothel amounted to 117, prostitutes, more than 750 people, this is just a formal "quotation", not "prostitutes" and "were observed.

Old Beijing prostitutes are divided into "the class" and "north" class two kinds, in general, "south class" prostitute is mainly women in jiangnan area, some high level, not only the color, and talented. The prostitute accompany many dignitaries, such as the national capital famous prostitute "golden flower, small impatiens, etc. "The class" prostitute is given priority to with Yellow River north of woman, looks good, but some poor literacy. "Eight hutongs" prostitutes in the majority with "south" class, so much for one, second-class brothels. And in other parts of the brothel, most is the "north". At that time, many high rank and doing business in the capital city is from the south, as a result, "the eight hutongs" as the border of the dignitaries frequented.

北京胡同英文导游词相关

明朝永乐皇帝在北京南城仿照南京的大祀殿建立了这作用于祭天的圣坛，主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天祈年殿的位置上。天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙，北面是圆形，南面是方形，取意天圆地方。

现在我们正沿着天坛建筑的中轴线向南行进，将要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘坛。圜丘有两道围护墙，使外方内圆，符合天圆地方的说法。需要特别提到的是皇帝恭读祝文所站立的地方，就是刚才所说的台面中心天心石。他是天坛三大声学现象之一。在这里朗读的时候声音特别洪亮，而且现在这里也是一样的，各位游客不妨体会一下这奇特的效果，也像当年的皇帝一样，向上天诉说自己美好的愿望。

也许您刚才就已经注意到了，天坛有非常多的柏树，不错，它就好像北京一个天然的氧吧。而在这许多古柏当中，有一株500余岁的桧柏，就是回音壁西墙外的这棵九龙柏。它的树干纹理非常的奇特，布满了沟壑，而且旋转扭曲，好像9条蟠龙缠绕嬉戏，所以叫它九龙柏真是一点也不过分。请大家不要攀爬树木，注意自己的言行，这是一个神圣的地方，我们要保持宁静的心态，

解放以后天坛不仅成了着名的旅游景点，而且还是北京城市绿地的组成部分，来这里的不光是旅游者，还不乏一些专门为了强身健体的老人们。

今天的游览结束了，希望这次游览能让大家记住、在大家的心里留下深刻的回忆。

希望大家下次再来哦。

世界各地的游客们，你们好!欢迎来到北京故宫，下面我就带大家去游赏一番吧。

故宫的正门是午门。午门从正面看有三个门洞，可是走进去转过头再看，却成了五个门洞，这就叫做“明三暗五”。

进了午门，就看见五座桥，叫金水桥，中间的最宽，是专门给皇帝用的。金水桥的前面是太和门，过了太和门，就是太和殿了。太和殿大门口有两只很大的铜狮子，里面有皇帝的宝座。

太和殿后面是中和殿和保和殿，都是皇帝办公的地方。

过了一道红墙，就进入了生活区，有皇帝住的乾清宫、皇后住的坤宁宫，最后是御花园，里面有很多很多的松树和柏树，还有一种树叫龙爪槐，长得像龙的爪子一样，非常好看。在御花园里还有一座山叫堆秀山，是用米汤、鸡蛋清把石头粘在一起堆成的，十分坚固。

故宫到处有美丽的景色，说也说不尽，希望你有机会去细细游赏。

清代皇室为了显示他们的特殊地位和便于管理，清代王府一般都设在内城。

“铁帽王府”。清初对入关有功的8家王爵，封为世袭罔替，俗称“铁帽王”，他们的王府就叫铁帽王府，共有8处，5处在西城，三处在东城。

以后又封了几个铁帽王，共12个世袭罔替王爵。

北京有两个恭亲王，一个是顺治皇帝的第五子常宁，府址在今东四十条。

另一个是道光皇帝的第六子奕*，1852年将原庆王府转赐奕*，此处原是和珅宅，位于前海西街17号，这个恭王府是保护得最好的一个王府。

恭王府位于前海西街17号，是清代规模最大的一座王府，据说恭王府总面积为一百多亩。相当于中山公园，这是至今保存最好的一座王府，曾是和珅的宅邸。

1996年10月起开放的只是恭王府的后花园，占地9亩，但其规模已经是非常可观的。

恭王府分中东西三路，分别由多过四合院组成，后为长160米的二层后罩楼。

恭王府假山，此假山是用糯米浆砌筑成的，非常坚固，山上置两口缸，缸底有管子通到假山上，通过往缸中灌水的办法来增加院中的湿度，过去整个假山上都长满了青苔。

假山正中有一康熙皇帝为其母祝寿写的“福”字碑，这是恭王府的“三绝”之一，碑石长7.9米，贯穿整修假山。

垂花门，因门上有两个倒垂的花卉而得名，门前的两棵龙瓜槐在和珅居住时就有，这种树比较珍贵。

垂花门内的牡丹院，院中有紫藤萝架。 院子正中造形呈蝙蝠形状的小湖。

在清代的北京，往住宅中引入活水，是要经皇帝特批的，恭亲王府是少有的几个享此殊荣的王府之一。

西式门，据说在当时在北京只有3个。这也是恭王府的三绝之一，另一绝是戏楼和福字碑。

花院门内的假山石，起到影壁的作用，名称为“独乐峰”。

各位游客：

大家好，我是你们的导游，陈XX。

下面我要给大家讲讲天坛的传说，现在大家抬头看一下这就是美丽的天坛，从远出看是个八角形宝塔。

天坛是王屋的主峰，高峰耸寺深古纵横，一峰突起，万峰臣伏，唯我独尊，从南向北看中间高，两边低，好似屋顶像王者之屋，称王屋山。天坛原名叫琼林台，因皇帝在山顶设坛祭天，后人为了纪念，该为天坛。为了纪念皇帝老师华盖对皇帝指点，把天坛峰前的山叫华盖峰。

我们走过天坛，又来到了望景寺，这里可以这人观赏天坛的风景。

天坛是世界文化遗产，国家5A级旅游景区，全国重点文明保护单位。于北京正阳门，东南方自，为明清两朝皇帝祭天，求雨和祈，寿年专用祭坛，是世界上现在规模最大，最完美的古代祭天建筑群。总面积273平方米。1918年作为公园正式对外开放。

坛为三层圆形石台，坛区占地20万余平方米。因此;明清时期北京的天坛与历朝代郊坛有一脉相承的渊源。

天地坛遂改称为天坛。消沿明制，天坛一称沿用至今。从乾隆八年1743年起，对天坛建筑进行了多次修理，天坛终于形成了南北两坛，规制严谨的盛郎风貌。

天坛到处有美丽的风景，说也说不尽，希望你有机会细细游赏。

而我国曾经出现了三个修筑长城的高峰，分别是秦长城，汉长城，明长城。秦始皇在公元前221年统一中原，建立了秦王朝，为了加强统治，防御北方游牧民族的入侵，所以派大将蒙恬30万军队和很多劳力将原来北方的燕、赵、秦长城连了起来，并加以扩充，历时9年修筑了一条西起临洮东到辽东绵延万里的长城，这也就是中国历史上第一道万里长城。到了汉朝，汉武帝也是为了加强防御，“不叫胡马度阴山”，修筑了一条近两万里的长城，同时这也保护了新开发的丝绸之路，汉长城是秦长城的一道前沿阵地和防线，它西起新疆，东到辽东，是中国历史上修筑长城最长的朝代。而明长城则是中国历史上修筑长城的最高峰，工程之大，技术之精是独一无二的。当年朱元璋在统一全国建立明王朝的过程中，采纳了“高筑墙，广积粮，缓称王”的建议。当时元朝虽然已经灭亡，但是还保持着比较完整的军事实力，加上逐渐崛起的女真族的不断侵扰，所以开始修筑长城。明朝大规模修筑长城达到了18次之多，到了明朝末年才基本完工，东起辽宁丹东鸭绿江边的虎山，西到甘肃嘉峪关的明长城全长6350公里。明长城具备三个特点，筑构完备，管理完善，布局严密。而我们今天所看到的八达岭长城就是明长城的一部分。而长城在我国古代最原始的目的虽然是防御，但是它同时还起到了其他的作用。第一就是军事作用，第二则是经济作用，它不仅促进了屯田的开发和北疆经济的发展，而且也是中原的百姓安居乐业，第三是促进了各民族的融合。此外，它还保护了通讯和促进了对外开放。值得一提的是，在我国古代，不仅仅只有这三次修筑长城的经历，据统计，在上下两千年里，先后有20多个诸侯国和封建王朝都修建过长城，有人做过粗略的计算，如果将长城改建成一道高5米，厚1米的大墙，绕地球10圈儿多都有富裕。著名的民间传说：烽火戏诸侯和孟姜女哭长城也是发生在万里长城上的。如今，长城在经过几次修整之后，基本恢复了以往的面貌，在1987年被联合国教科文组织列入《世界文化遗产名录》，而且它还是当今世界上最长的防御性城墙!遍布了我国16个地区，全长达到了10。8万里。

刚才我们所经过的路，就位于关沟中。关沟是燕山山脉和军都山山脉的交会处，南起昌平区南口镇，西北到延庆县八达岭长城的城关，全长40里。是中原地区通往西北高原的咽喉要道。明代在这里布置了四道防线，分别是南口关，居庸关，上关，八达岭。在关沟中的叠翠山上，曾有金代著名的燕京八景之一：居庸叠翠，可惜现在景观已经不复存在了。

刚才我们所看到的那条铁路就是由我们中国人自己设计建造的第一条铁路，由詹天佑设计的京张铁路。因为八达岭地区地势复杂，技术难点很多，所以詹天佑所设计的人字型铁路，成功解决了火车不能直接爬坡和转弯的难题，而打通长达1091米的隧道也令中外人士叹服。现在在青龙桥火车站树立的铜像就是詹天佑的，还有纪念碑。

关沟因为居庸关而著名，我们可以看到前面宏伟的建筑就是居庸关，它的名字起源于秦朝，以秦始皇迁徙“庸徒”在这里居住所以得名。在关内，有一个著名的汉白玉石台，就是云台。它是元代的一坐过街塔，上边原来有三座藏式佛塔，在后来的地震中毁坏了。明代又在原处]建立了泰安寺，而在康熙年间又被毁了，只留下现在我们所看到的柱础和望柱。云台的面积有310平方米台下的券门上刻有狮、象、四不象、金翅鸟等浮雕，分别代表了佛教密宗五方五佛的座骑，还有天龙八部护法天神的浮雕。内壁上还有四大天王浮雕和神兽图案，券顶上还布满了曼陀罗的图样，花中刻有佛像，共2215尊。还有六种文字镌刻的《陀罗尼经咒》和《造塔功德记》，这些都是元代的艺术精品，具有很高的艺术价值。

八达岭长城是明长城中的杰出代表，因为这里四通八达，故成为八达岭。可能大家会问，为什么要讲长城修筑在这里?其实这主要是因为八达岭地区重要的地理位置。它不仅守卫着明皇陵，而且也是京师的西北大门。

八达岭长城是历史上许多重大事件的见证，例如萧太后巡幸，元太祖入关，慈禧太后西逃等等，八达岭都是毕竟之路。说到这里，还有一个故事要讲给大家：位于关城东门路旁，有一块巨石，传说在1900年八国联军攻入北京，慈禧在西逃的途中经过这里，曾经站在这块石头上回望京城，所以这块石头也就被叫做望京石。但现在这块石头已经不那么突出了。

有一句话大家一定都知道：不到长城非好汉。刚才介绍了那么多景观，您一定急切的想来到景区游览一番，不用着急，马上您也要成为好汉了。好，这里就是著名的八达岭长城远处是壮丽的景色，而往下看就是长城重要的组成部分翁城，他一般都修建在地形险要的交通要道上。翁城两门之间相距63.9米，西门匾额：北门锁钥，我在前面已经讲过了。东门的匾额为：居庸外镇，意思是居庸关外又一重镇。现在我们向右下放看，在登城口的南侧陈列着一门大炮，名为：神威大将军。是崇祯年间制造的。

八达岭长城有三台两墙组成，什么是三台两墙呢?现在就让我给大家来解释一下，三台分别是城台，敌台，其中城台构造的非常简单，只是驻守的官兵避风寒的地方。那敌台的构造相对就要复杂一些，分为两层，下层是由田，井，回，等字形组成，上层有垛口和望孔是观察军情和射箭用的，所以这里也具有防御敌人的功能。

下面就到了烽火台，又叫烽燧，狼烟台。是不和长城相连的独立建筑。一旦敌人来犯，就点燃烽火通报军情，古人奖白天点燃的烟叫做烽，晚上的叫做燧。明朝的时候，还对烽火与敌人的关系作了严格的规定：敌人百余个，燃一烟点一炮;五白人，燃两烟点两炮;千人以上，三烟三炮;五千人以上，四烟四炮;万人以上，五烟五炮。就通过这种方式，在边关的军情能够飞速的传递到皇城大内。

说完了三台，下面就来说一下两墙。长城外侧的高墙叫做牒墙，有垛口是用来防御敌人的。而内侧不足一米高的则叫作女儿墙，也叫做宇墙。在最开始长城内侧是没有女儿墙的，可是经常有人会跌下山崖，所以就修建了这道墙。在长城墙根的地方每隔不远就有一个小水沟，雨天的时候由吐水嘴向外排水，以免水冲刷城墙。而长城的墙体里面使用石头块铸成的，外边砌上砖，再在上面铺上石板，从而使建筑非常牢固!

“北京欢迎你 为你开天辟地 流动中的魅力 充满着朝气北京欢迎你 在太阳下分享呼吸在黄土地刷新成绩······”

作为北京奥运会倒计时100天的主题歌《北京欢迎你》是以“同一个世界，同一个梦想”为主题，所以这首歌凝聚了许多不同城市出来的歌手，他们不同的声音，不同的表达方式来唱出这首歌曲。这首歌的创作展现了了中国歌手热情欢迎从世界各地到来的友人到我们的首都北京参与奥林匹克运动会的积极和真挚感情。

这首歌开始发布要征选歌手时，所有中国热门歌手舍去了自己手头的商演，主动自费来到北京报名参加这个歌曲录制。他们来北京录制的身份不是一个大牌明星，而是一个为了表达对奥运会支持的心，这是一名普普通通的奥运参与者。

当时他们的心情不是心里暗地想这次去唱了这首歌肯定红，而是用虔诚的心去唱。他们的心情是感到欢乐的，因为他们为奥运会出了分力。《北京欢迎你》不仅是一首歌，它是无数热爱奥运的人们的心声，歌手们有责任把这种心情传递的世界的每一个角落，让人们感受到北京的热情，让北京奥运的音符激荡在奥运的天空。

当在看电视时，看的是嘻哈剧。但是这个节目放出广告时，手不由的去按别的台。当按到海南台时，电视机里传来了非常热情的歌曲“我家大门常打开 开放怀抱等你 拥抱过就有了默契 你会爱上这里 不管远近都是客人 请不用客气 相约好了再一起 我们欢迎你 ···”

整首歌曲句句附有浓厚的感情，浓厚的北京味。每句附有一个含义，每句附有一个地方，每句附有一个响亮的歌声，每句附有中国各地的中国特色。这句“我家大门常打开 开放怀抱等你 拥抱过就有了默契 你会爱上这里 不管远近都是客人 请不用客气 相约好了再一起 我们欢迎你 ···”这句以中国国旗的颜色“红色”的热情，以中国人友好的心情热情的欢迎你。无论你是什么地方的人，只要来到中国，来到了北京或者是中国的任何一个地方。迷路了，我们的中国人民会以主人的身份来招待你，帮助你。如果你想对中国的领土认识得少，会有热心的中国人民当你的导游带你去了解和参观，为你解说中国古代悠久故事。

《北京欢迎你》不仅是首中国人其他国家欢迎的歌曲，也是世界人民的眼睛。听着这首歌曲，眼睛仿佛看到全世界，随着歌曲走过世界的每一个角落。随着歌曲在脑袋里留下美好的回忆。

北京欢迎你导游词相关

基本介绍

黄花城水长城旅游区位于北京市怀柔区九渡河镇境内，距北京市区65公里，是以奇而著称，融山川、碧水、古长城为一体的旅游休闲胜地。而这里的“三绝景”更是引人入胜，叹为观止：

“一绝”建于明永乐年间的长城盘旋于山脊之上，环绕在灏明湖畔，景色秀美壮观。

“二绝”湖水将长城自然断开，形成长城戏水、水没古城垣的奇特景观。

“三绝”明代板栗园，古树盘根错节，形态各异。那巨龙戏珠之躯和撑掩苍天之冠，令人嘬舌赞不绝口。

沿古道、过木桥、涉小溪、跨怪石，上行可达黑龙潭。途中，龙尾洞、紫翠峰、醉女山、石浪谷、情人峰、三珠连潭等自然景观更是令人心旷神怡，流连忘返。

寻幽怀古，回归自然，请到黄花城水长城旅游区!

昨天下午，我们刚来时导游姐姐提醒我们北京的饭菜很差，被游客们称之为“三乎”。哪“三乎”呢，就是咸乎乎、黑乎乎、黏糊糊。

今天早晨，我们体验了来北京的第一顿早餐。来到餐厅排着队，我伸长脖子一看，大出意外，还不错哦。有小笼包、豆浆、茶蛋，还有清爽的小咸菜。吃过后，我觉得味道还不错，和那“三乎”好像一点也不挨边，虚惊一场。导游姐姐是故意吓唬我们吧。

吃过饭，大家坐上车来到了新前门大街。 北京的前门是古都北京九门之首，前门大街位于中轴线上的南端，为皇帝祭天之道，所以也被称为“天街”。现在是北京重点打造的历史风貌保护区。

这里有古色古香的五牌楼，风格各异的仿古建筑，别有一番风味。这条街很长很长，街两边都是一些商店，有卖衣服的，有卖茶叶的，还有卖小饰品的。

不过，因为我们来的太早，好多商家还没营业呢。这里汇聚了许多老字号的店铺，比如谦祥益、全聚德、大北照相馆等。这里曾是老北京三大商业区之一，始于明盛于清。颠峰时期商贾云集，老字号多达上百家。

青石铺就的路面干净整洁，路中央铺着长长的铁轨。不过，很遗憾没有看见传说中的“铛铛车”。

这里的路灯与众不同，有鸟笼形的，有糖葫芦形的，不知道晚上点亮后会是怎样的美景呢?

北京自然博物馆位于天桥南大街126号，它的的前身是中央自然博物馆筹备处，始建于1950年，1959年建成，占地12,000平方米，建筑面积18,000平方米,展览面积6,000平方米。以展示生物和人类发展史，普及自然知识为主中，是一座大型自然主题博物馆。

这里有生动的生物进化史陈列，展示了形形色色的动物，千姿百态的植物的各种个样的生物化石和标本，自然博物馆有5个展厅，分别是四个基本陈列和一个恐龙世界博览。馆藏文物、化石、标本10余万件，大型整体古哺乳动物化石数量居世界第二，黄河古象化石、恐龙化石名扬海内外。

“动物陈列”按系统发育顺序展示了现生主要动物类群，反映了动物界从单细胞到多细胞、从水生到陆生、从简单到复杂的演化历程。“植物陈列”展示了原核生物的细菌、蓝菌，真核生物的藻类、真菌、裸子植物、被子植物等的大量标本及生态照片，展现了诸位的多样性，再现了植物演化的历程，反映了植物对动物、人类的生存所具有的不可缺少的作用。“古生物陈列”踏着史前生命的足迹，通过大量的化石标本展示了脊椎动物从水生到陆生、由变温到恒温、由卵生到胎生的演化历程。“人之由来陈列”展示了由猿到人的历史进程，以及个体的人十月怀胎的诞生过程，勾画出人类自身的发展轨迹。“恐龙世界”利用高科技手段将恐龙复原，配以声光电，让观众仿佛回到了亿万年前的远古生态环境中，因而成为孩子们的乐园。

人类拥有地球，地球养育了世间的万物生灵。热爱我们的家园，就必须用科学的态度和方法了解这块热土上的自然历史变迁。自然博物馆，将帮助人们重溯自然界的轨迹，并且为弘扬中国光辉灿烂的文明史，让世界了解中国发挥着极其重要的作用。

各位游客们，大家好，我是你的导游_，大家可以叫我张导或小张。今天将由去我带领大家参观这美丽的颐和园。lets go!

进了颐和园的大门，绕过大殿，就来到了有名的长廊，别小看了这条长廊，它有七百多米长呢!绿漆的柱子，紅漆的栏杆，一眼望不到头。长廊有273间，每间的横栏上都有五彩的画，几千幅画中没有哪两幅是相同的。

走完长廊，我们就来到了万寿山脚下，大家抬头看一下，那一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑物就是佛香阁。下面的一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿就是排云殿。

现在我们已经在万寿山的山顶了。大家向东远眺，是不是隐隐约约可以望见几座古老的城楼和城里的白塔?

下山以后，如果需要乘坐游船的游客可以到昆明湖里荡舟。不坐船的游客请跟随我到十七孔桥上欣赏昆明湖的美。最后，我们到湖中心的小岛集合。坐船的游客请不要往湖里扔垃圾，以免污染了昆明湖的美丽景致。

目前我们脚下踩着的就是十七孔桥，桥上有上百根石柱，柱子上都雕刻着小狮子，各个惟妙惟肖，姿态不一。走完石桥，各位游客请随我和其他几名游客汇合。

这次的游览活动到此结束，颐和园还有许多美丽的风景，希望大家有机会去细细游赏。

prince gongs residence is located in the northwest of beijing, nearqianhai in the east and houhai in the north. in the early stage, a canal fromthe northeast corner of jishuitan (west sea) water area in deshengmen bypassedthe west wall of prince gongs residence, turned outside the south wall(commonly known as yueya river), and flowed into shichahai (qianhai) throughthree bridges. facing water in the west and south, and near water in the eastand north, it can be said that it is surrounded by water and has a beautifulenvironment. by the early 1950s, the canal had been filled up to form liuyinstreet and qianhaixi street.

prince gongs residence was first built in 1776, with a history of morethan 230 years. in the fourth year of jiaqing, he was convicted and his housewas confiscated. after that, the house was divided into two parts: the east andthe west. emperor jiaqing of the west gave the house to his younger brotherprince yonggui, and the east left it to the ten princesses. in the first year ofchengfeng (1851), emperor xianfeng gave the whole palace to prince gong yi? tolive in. so far, it was named prince gongs palace, which is still in use remember the two main masters of the garden: big corrupt official andprince gong yi?.

prince gongs residence is 330 meters long from north to south and 180meters wide from east to west. there are dozens of palaces in beijing, whichwere either destroyed or used for other purposes. only prince gongs mansion,which has been preserved in its original style, is open to the outside world. asan ancient garden of manchu royal family, it is composed of two parts: mansionand garden, covering an area of more than 60000 square meters, including 32000square meters of mansion and 28000 square meters of garden.

the buildings in the mansion are divided into three roads: the east road,the middle road and the west road. from the south to the north, they arecomposed of many three-way quadrangles with strict central axis. the layout isclear. the east road goes to park shanghua, the middle road is solemn andsolemn, and the west road is simple and elegant. the three roads areself-contained and harmonious. in these houses, there are not only the buildingsreflecting the royal style and majesty, but also the exquisite architecture anddecoration style from the folk, which constitute the biggest feature of theroyal culture. the garden integrates jiangnan garden and northern architecture,and integrates western architecture and chinese classical garden gongs mansion is not only one of the important representatives of theqing dynastys mansion architecture, but also an important performance of themost mature period of chinese traditional architecture and gardening skills. renzhi, a famous scholar, called it "a palace of prince gong, half of thehistory of qing dynasty".

prince gongs house was listed as a key national protection unit in 1982,and the garden of prince gongs house was opened to the public in 1988. in theprocess of my explanation, in order to better protect this precious heritage andensure the safety of your visit to the park, please cooperate. first, do notsmoke. second, do not climb rocks. third, take good care of your , take good care of the environment and do not litter in the park

1、 the first master of the mansion, he (born in 1750 a.d. in the 15th yearof qianlong and died in 1799 a.d. in the 4th year of jiaqing), was originallynamed shanbao, with the word zhizhai and the surname niuhulu. he belonged to thezhenghong banner of manchuria (once carried into zhenghuang banner, but hisfamily members were classified as zhenghong banner after being convicted).)among the eight banners, they are not aristocrats (eight banners are dividedinto yellow flag, yellow flag, white flag, white flag, red flag, red flag, blueflag and blue flag). the yellow flag, the yellow flag and the white flag led bythe emperor were the upper three banners, the nobles and the lower five banners.)how could he be the greatest favorite of emperor qianlong if he was not borninto a noble family and had no degree of jinshi

there are five main reasons why he is favored

first, smart. he? has an amazing memory, makes a clear reading and makes asmart decision. even jiaqing affirmed that he was "smart and agile". when he wasa child, he studied in xianan palace, the best school in the capital at thattime (xianan palace is in the imperial palace, which is equivalent to thecurrent national key school. it mainly recruits the children of the internalaffairs government and eight banners officials who are both good-looking andgood-looking). he is proficient in manchu, chinese, mongolian and tibetanlanguages, and can be both civil and military. at the age of 19, he inheritedthe position of third-class light truck captain earned by his ancestors. threeyears later, there was another vacancy for the third class bodyguard, which gavehim a chance to get close to emperor qianlong.

second, the united tobacco royal family. his son, fengshen yinde, was giventhe name by emperor qianlong, which means longevity in manchu. moreover,qianlong married his 65 year old daughter gu lun and princess xiao to his sonfengshen yinde. the relationship between emperor qianlong and "he" changed fromthe relationship between master and slave, the relationship between monarch andminister to the relationship between daughter and family, and qianlong becamethe real umbrella of "he".

thirdly, according to unofficial history, i remember that when hongli wasyoung (later emperor qianlong), i once played in the palace and saw nianguifeicombing her hair. nianguifei was the younger sister of general nian genyao ofthe qing dynasty and one of the top ten beauties of the qing dynasty. her namewas nianqiuyue. hongli was moved by her beauty and secretly went over to coverher eyes from behind. qing, nians concubine was startled and didnt know whowas behind. she picked up the hairpin and rowed back, which just cut honglisforehead. later, the empress learned about it, because it spread that it was notgood for honglis reputation (she was the royal concubine of yongzheng, honglishould call her erniang. )next year, the imperial concubine hanged cried bitterly at that time, because one of his frivolous actions killednian guifei. i secretly vowed that when i became an emperor, i would meet again,not to repair this life and the afterlife. so stained with cinnabar, she printeda red fingerprint behind her ear. many years later, when hongli became emperor,he was emperor qianlong. when he first saw him, he was still a stick ng was surprised and felt that he looked like the young lady who died manyyears ago. so he stepped down from the throne and asked if there were anysisters in his family. he said that there were only two brothers, he and he?.when the emperor was disappointed, he suddenly saw a red mole behind his ear. itwas not only similar to nianguifeis face, but also the size and location of themole. so the emperor thinks that he? is the reincarnation of nian guifei. so theemperor kept him close to him and favored him. he also used his intelligence toplease qianlong. as a result, his position and status rose like a three years, emperor qianlong passed orders to promote him to theposition of official. he almost made all kinds of high-ranking officials in theqing dynasty. he had been a military aircraft minister for 23 years, and wasknown as the second emperor.

many friends come to prince gongs residence with admiration. the film andtelevision works also make a lot of hype about ho. however, there is a big gapbetween the real image of ho and the image of the film and television works. hois a real beautiful man with a white face, quick action, dignified and humorousspeech.

the second master, prince gong yi? (1833-1898), was the sixth son ofemperor daoguang. he was named prince gong in the imperial edict of emperordaoguang in 1850. he was an important and influential figure in the politicalsituation of the late qing dynasty. after the death of emperor xianfeng in 1861,he and cixi jointly launched the "xinyou coup" to eliminate eight ministers,such as sushun, which paved the way for cixi to reach the peak of power. afterthat, he was appointed as the king of political affairs, walked on the militaryplane, and participated in military affairs as a prince, which was very rare inthe qing dynasty. as a "leader", he, together with zeng guofan, zhang zhidongand other feudal officials, set off the famous "westernization movement" inmodern chinese history. under his invitation and planning, the qing governmentestablished in 1860 the first official "ministry of foreign affairs" in chinesehistory, the premiers national affairs yamen, to deal with foreign affairs. in1862, under his own planning, the qing government established the capitaltongwen school in beijing. the establishment of tongwen school was the beginningof the establishment of a new school in china. it entered the school of beijingnormal university in 1902 and became the earliest part of the establishment ofpeking university. it seems that the prince of the late qing dynasty has acertain relationship with peking university. yi? was the sixth son of emperordaoguang. at that time, he was famous for his foreign affairs. therefore, peoplenicknamed him gui zi liu, and he didnt mind. because yi? was very independentand active in politics, he was afraid of empress dowager cixi. later, he lostpower and lived in seclusion in jiehe temple. yi? became the tenth iron hat kingof the qing dynasty in 1872. he is the author of the collection of works ofledaotang. after the sino japanese war of 1894-1895, it was used again. it wasthe prime minister of the navy, the council for military affairs, and the innercourt. he died in 1898 with the posthumous title of "zhong". )

2、 scenic spots in the mansion

the main hall of the palace of yinan, commonly known as "yinan hall", isthe place where important ceremonial activities are held. a group of screens andthe throne of the prince are placed in the center of the hall. it corresponds tothe jinluan hall of the forbidden city. jinluan hall was the place where theemperor summoned and held important ceremonies.

the tall building you see now was newly built in this overhaul as it was inthe guangxu reign of tongzhi. the original yinan hall, together with the eastand west side halls, was destroyed by burning incense on the night of thelantern festival on january 15, 1921.

the new construction process of yinan hall:

the yinan hall was built according to the strict architectural regulationsof the qing dynasty and the highest standard roof of the royal palace.

tourists, please observe the color of the tiles on the roof of the mainhall, the number of animals on the roof ridge, the number of doornails on themain door, etc. how are they different from the palace museum you can see?

the roof of the imperial palace is covered with golden colored glass, whichis the symbol of imperial power; the roof of the main hall of the royal palaceis covered with green colored glass tiles, and the roof of the auxiliary hall iscovered with gray tiles, which indicates the princes status.

in ancient architecture, door nails were only used on board ally used to guard against the enemys fire attack, so zhuoyi was coveredwith mud to prevent fire. doornails are usually made of copper. in the qingdynasty, the use of door nails was regulated. in royal architecture, there arenine nails for each door, nine in each direction, and a total of ninety-nine andeighty-one nails. nine is the pole of yang number, symbolizing the higheststatus of the emperor. because the imperial temple is dedicated to the emperorsof the past dynasties, it also has nine road studs; seven roads in the royalpalace take seven roads, but seven roads in the princes palace take nine roads;further down there are five roads take five roads.

duofuxuan is commonly known as "tengluoyuan". the main hall was called"yanxi hall" in the period of peace, which was the residence of the son andprincess of peace. it was called "duofuxuan" in the period of prince gong. itwas the hall and living room of the palace. it was mainly used by the host toreceive visitors, relatives and friends or subordinates who came to report backto the official affairs. it was also used to store gifts sent by the emperor."duofuxuan" was inscribed by emperor xianfeng. it means the palace of a lot ofhappiness. the plaque of "tongde yanxi" is hung in the center of the hall, whichis intended to warn the host that only when you and the emperor have the samevirtue can you extend the xi (xi: good luck and long life). please observecarefully that the four walls of the hall near the ceiling are all hung with theinscription of "fu shou". the inscription of "fu shou" is written on the redsquare paper (i.e. "dou fang") and is placed in a shuttle shape. the inscriptionof "fu shou" is made in pairs.

since the reign of kangxi in the qing dynasty, every winter, the emperorhad to write the words "fu" and "shou" in person and give them to the king, theduke, the minister and the empress. the word "shou" will be added to every majorbirthday celebration. according to convention, the old "fu shou" dou fang cannot be removed. instead, the new "fu shou" dou fang is pasted directly on theold one, meaning "fu tian shou". now what you see is the original copy.

please carefully observe the phoenix and seal painting of qianlong periodon the roof beam. although only partial phoenix tail pattern remains, it hasspecial value. its existence confirms that fudi east road was once princessmansion.

hexi painting is also known as palace architectural painting. this kind ofarchitectural painting is the highest level painting in the qing dynasty, mostlypainted on palace buildings or buildings related to the royal family

ledaotang is the largest building on the east road and the last one toenter the courtyard. the main room is called "ledaotang". on the interior beams,there are two hundred years of colorful paintings of baojindi and phoenix in themiddle qing dynasty, which indicates that it was the residence of the princessduring the period of peace. in the period of prince gong, this is the livingroom of the prince. now the interior is displayed as it was when prince gonglived. the plaque of "ledaotang" was given to yi? by emperor daoguang expresses a fathers wish for his sons happiness and auspiciousness.

he is not a prince. in the qing dynasty, when the feudal hierarchy was verystrict, why did he build such a luxurious private house in spite of large-scaleconstruction? you can see the reason from the following records.

yin de, the son of he, was born on the 19th of the first month of the 40thyear of qianlong (1775), half a month younger than princess he xiao. he andqianlong formed a family of sons and daughters, and became the most unattainablerelatives of the emperor. he jianhe house was actually built as princess house,so he jianhe house was built according to the double specifications of princesshouse and first-class officials of the imperial court

jiale hall

jiale hall is the hall name of hejin period. it is said that the plaque ofjiale hall was given to hejin by qianlong. during the period of prince gong, itwas the "temple", that is, the place where shamanism activities were held.

shamanism sacrificial activities: ancient mongolians believed in shamanismfirst. shamanism worships gods and divides the world into three kinds: heavenabove, earth in the middle and hell below.

the most important way of shaman sacrifice is to worship ancestors andheaven. it is said that the ancestors of manchu people fell into a trap in abattle and had to hide in a big tree in a hurry. the birds on the tree did notmove, so they did not expose the ancestors of manchu people to the enemy and letthem survive. therefore, manchu people revered the birds as gods.

grand theater

the grand theater building of prince gongs mansion, built during the reignof tongzhi (1862-1874), is a place for prince gong and his relatives to watchthe opera. this theater is the only existing fully enclosed theater in china. inthe archives of the qing dynasty, theatrical buildings were called "bigtheatrical rooms". the building area is 685 square meters, and its architecturalform adopts a three volume hook and build fully enclosed structure. it is saidthat although the whole theater building is of brick and wood structure, it doesnot use an iron nail. in particular, it is worth mentioning the sound effect ofthe grand theater. in order to ensure the fidelity of the sound, several largetanks are placed under the stage. the ingenious and special structure increasesthe resonance reverberation space, so that the audience can clearly hear thesinging of the actors without any sound transmission tools at any position inthe theater. once, after a famous singer came here to sing, he excitedly praisedthat the timbre effect of the grand theater building was better than that of theconcert hall.

in the peony courtyard, the location of the theater is general, but theinside is resplendent. on both sides of the stage, the two pillars, the fourwalls and the top are all painted with twigs and vines. the scene of greenleaves and purple flowers in full bloom makes people feel like watching theopera under the vines. it is said that at that time, even empress dowager cixiwas sitting in the courtyard. prince gong worried that he would be guilty ofoverstepping the system, so he painted a lot of vines on the roof, which meansthat this is the vines rack, not the lobby. its very kind of him. there are 20large palace lanterns hanging on the top of the shed, and 20 eight immortalstables with taishi chairs are placed in an orderly manner. the back walls of thetheater are light brown wooden lattice, with dark blue silk cloth as the bottomlining. on the south side of the hall is a stage about one meter high. above thestage, there is a black plaque with gold characters, which is written with fourseal characters of "enjoy yourself". in the south, there is an actors dressingroom in the backstage and a stage in the front. in the north, there are placesfor vips and their wives to watch and rest. yis birthday is in the late octoberof the lunar calendar. when holding a birthday party, a fire is needed, so thegrand theater is also called "warm building" by the government. in addition toacting, it was also the place where the wedding ceremony was held in princegongs mansion. every time the important figures in the mansion die, the theaterwill be full of couplets, buildings, cigarettes, long hanging, and monks andnuns in each temple will sprinkle sutras one after another to pass the dead.

in 1936, pu ru, the grandson of prince gong yi? who lived in the garden atthat time, celebrated his mother mrs. xiangs birthday and organized a hall playin the theater. at that time, famous actors in the peking opera circle gatheredin the grand theater and performed on the stage one after another. this is thelast meeting of prince gongs mansion. now?