北京的导游词(优秀20篇)

大家好，我叫张一鸣，今天很高兴能当上大家的导游。我们现在准备去的地方是北京颐和园。

游客朋友们，颐和园到了，请大家随身带好自己的贵重物品，有次序地下车。现在我们来到的是有名的长廊。长廊很长，共有七百多米，一眼望不到头，分成273间。在每一间的横榄上都有着美丽的画，有的画着风景、有的画着花草树木、还有的画着人物。在这条长廊里，有着绿漆的柱子和红漆的栏杆，一根根柱子看上去非常整齐，像一个个训练有素的哨兵。长廊的两旁都栽满了花草树木，这一种花还没枯萎，那一种花又开了，使长廊里常年洋溢着花的香味。

游客朋友们，我们已经游完了长廊，接下来我们准备去的是万寿山。请大家小心梯级，有孩子的家长们请照看好自己的孩子。现在，请旅客朋友们往上方看，在我们的眼前，出现了一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑物，这个就是佛香阁。在佛香阁的下面，还有一排排宫殿，就是排云殿。游客朋友们，我们已经登上了万寿山的山顶。现在，请大家往山底下望，颐和园美丽的景色大半都收在眼前，有葱郁的树丛，美丽的宫殿……。正前面，昆明湖静得像一面镜子，绿得像一块碧玉。

游客朋友们，我们现在来到的是昆明湖，请大家不要随地吐痰、扔垃圾，要保护好这里的美好环境。昆明湖围着长长的堤岸，堤岸上栽着多得数不清的垂柳。在昆明湖上，有几座式样不同的石桥，游人可以走过石桥，到小岛上玩。这一座石桥一共有十七个桥洞，叫十七孔桥，在桥栏杆上有许多根石柱，每根石柱上都雕刻市面上姿态不一的石狮子，这么多石狮子，没哪两只是相同的，美极了。

游客朋友们，今天我们的颐和园一日游就到此结束了，希望你们有机会再来细细游赏，再见!

iam pleased to serve as your guide today.

this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.

it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.

manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river)

now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.

现在，大家已经乘车来到了位于北京市中心的故宫。这里曾居住过24个皇帝，是明、清两代的皇宫，现在是故宫博物馆。故宫整个建筑金碧辉煌，庄严绚丽，无论是平面布局、立体效果还是形式上的雄伟堂皇，都堪称无与伦比的杰作。

我们先来观看故宫的中轴吧!这条中轴在北京城的中轴线上。三大殿、后三宫、御花园都位于这条中轴线上。在中轴宫殿的两旁，还分布着许多殿宇，也都宏伟华丽。

参观完了中轴线，就要去艺术珍品馆啦!故宫的一些宫殿中建立了综合性的历史艺术馆、绘画馆、分类的陶瓷馆、青铜器馆、明清工艺美术馆、铭刻馆、玩具馆、文房四宝馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆和清代宫廷典章文物展览等，收藏有大量的古代艺术珍品。据统计，有102653件，其中很多文物都是绝无仅有的无价之宝。

故宫的四个城角上，每个角都有十八柱七十二条脊的角楼，有一个关于角楼的传说。有一天，永乐皇帝让大臣们在故宫的四个犄角上修建一座九梁十柱七十二条脊，这可把大臣们给难住了。有一天，一位木匠见了一个装蝈蝈的笼子，觉着笼子非常奇怪，就走过去看了看，一数，这正是九梁十柱七十二条脊!木匠立刻交给了大臣。从此，就留下了这样的角楼。

各位游客，我们今天的游览马上就要结束了，对我今天的讲解，欢迎您提出意见和建议，我深表感谢。最后，祝大家玩得开心!谢谢。

各位游客：

大家好。

我是这次旅游的导游冯奕嘉，我很荣幸能够带领大家去故宫参观旅游，希望我能带给大家最好的服务。

现在展现在我们面前的就是气势雄伟的古代宫殿——故宫了。大家看这个四面就是宫墙，而且宫墙四面都建有高大的城门，南为午门，也就是故宫的正门，北为神武门，东为东华门，西为西华门，这宫墙四门的角楼都是风格独特、造型绮丽的。

现在请跟我一起去故宫中最大的宫殿太和殿看看！这里是明、清皇帝召见百官、发号施令、举行庆典的地方。全殿面阔11间，进深5间，外有廊柱，殿内外共立72跟大柱。殿高35米，殿内净空高达14米，宽63米，面积2377平方米，为全国最大的木构大殿。我再给大家介绍其他的宫殿吧！

现在我们来到了中和殿。中和殿是为帝王太和殿途中的演习礼仪之地。保和殿是皇帝宴请外藩王公贵族和京中文武大臣之处。我们再来看看文华殿，他是明代皇子读书。乾清门是故宫外朝和内廷的分界处，由此向北便是内廷。乾清宫是明、清皇帝居住和处理政务的地方。慈宁宫就是皇上住的地方。你们看过还珠格格这部电视剧吗？它就是在故宫里拍的。

规划严整，气魄雄伟，极为壮观，这就是我国的故宫。无论在平面布局，立体效果以及形式上的雄伟、堂皇、庄严、和谐都属于无与伦比的杰作。它标志着我国悠久的文化传统，显示着500余年前我国在建筑艺术上的卓越成就。

现在大家可以自由参观，可是我要提醒大家一定要注意保持故宫的环境。

各位同学大家好，我是今天的小导游，我将陪伴大家共同游览北京的故宫名胜景区，希望通过我的讲解，能够使您对北京故宫留下美好的印象，好，现在我们就开始今天的游览吧。

故宫过去叫紫禁城，它是明清两代的皇宫。紫禁城始建于明朝永乐四年(1420xx年)永乐十八年建成，占地面积72万多平方米，距今已有620xx年的历史。整个建筑群气势宏伟豪华，布局开阔对称，内外装饰壮丽辉煌，是我国古代建筑艺术的精华。1987年被列入《世界文化遗产名录》。

那么为什么叫“紫禁城”呢?这里面有很深的文化内涵。人们认为那是天帝居住的宫殿，称它为“紫宫”。皇帝称自己为天子，就是天帝的儿子，他所居住的宫殿就叫“紫宫”，这是其一，其二呢，皇帝居住的宫院，对寻常老百姓来说，是绝对的禁忌之地。于是两层含义合起来，所以就叫“紫禁城”。从明朝永乐到清朝宣统，共有24位皇帝在这儿居住过，统治中国达491年。

相传紫禁城有宫殿9999间半，实际上是8700多间，是我国也是世界上目前规模最大、保存最完整的宫殿建筑群。在这些宫殿还会欣赏到青铜、玉器、书画、珠宝等珍贵的文物。要知道，这些文物都是从故宫博物院150多万件藏品中

精心挑选出来的，在那些文物的背后，在眼前这些殿宇之中曾经发生过许许多多令人荡气回肠的故事，足以让您听不够、想不够。简单一句话，您今天走进了这明清两代的皇宫，就是走进了中华文明的宝库。

这些年来，故宫博物院除了保存和复原三大殿、后三宫和西六宫外，又开辟了青铜、陶瓷、书画、珍宝、钟表等专馆，并经常举办各种临时的主题性展览。

好了，我今天的讲解至此为此，谢谢大家的耐心倾听!

prince gongs residence is located in qianhai west street, xichengdistrict, beijing. it is the largest palace in qing dynasty. it was successivelyused as the residence of the corrupt official and prince qing. later, it wasgiven to prince gong yixin, hence the name of prince gongs residence, which isstill in use today. prince gongs residence has gone through the historicalprocess of the qing dynasty from its heyday to its decline, so there is a sayingthat "a prince gongs residence, half of the history of the qing dynasty".

&this is the description of prince gongs residence in historicalbooks. in terms of its location, it occupies an excellent position in thecapital. the ancients paid great attention to fengshui in building houses andgardens. it is said that there are two dragon veins in beijing. one is the earthdragon, which is the dragon vein of the forbidden city; the other is the waterdragon, which refers to the line between houhai and beihai. prince gongsresidence is just on the connecting line between houhai and beihai, which is thedragon vein. therefore, fengshui is very good. the ancients took water as theirwealth. they found water everywhere in prince gongs mansion. the water of thelargest pavilion in the center of the lake was introduced from yuquan lake, andit only entered but did not flow out. therefore, it is more in line with thetheory of geomantic omen. chinas top ten marshals and guo moruo and others alllived near prince gongs residence and lived a long life. it is said that theplace with the largest number of long-lived people in beijing is near princegongs residence. this place is really a treasure land of geomantic omen.

prince gongs mansion is composed of two parts: mansion and garden. it isabout 330 meters long from north to south and 180 meters wide from east to covers an area of 61120 square meters, including 32260 square meters ofmansion and 28860 square meters of garden. the mansion is not only spacious, butalso the highest standard of architecture. the obvious signs are the front doorand the number of houses. there are five front rooms, seven main rooms, fiveback rooms, seven back rooms, and a side room on the left and right. there mustbe no more royal mansions than these. the form of the house and the color of thetiles should not exceed the standard. there are three courtyards in the middle,east and west roads of prince gongs mansion, and the back two courtyards ofeach road are the main areas for people to visit.

the mansion building is divided into east, middle and west roads, each ofwhich is composed of multiple courtyard buildings running through the strictcentral axis from south to north.

the main buildings on the middle road are yinan hall and jiale hall. theroof of the hall is green glazed tiles, which shows the majesty of the middleroad and the identity of the prince. the front courtyard of east road is calledduofuxuan. in front of the hall, there is a vine that has been growing for morethan 200 years. it is still growing very well. it is extremely rare in thecapital. the main room of the backyard on east road is called "ledotang", whichwas the living place of prince gong yi xin. the siheyuan on the west road isrelatively small and exquisite. the main buildings are baoguang room andxijinzhai. the most exquisite work is xijinzhai, which belongs to thehigh-profile school. there are exquisitely carved sections of nanmu in the hall,which is in the style of ningshou palace in the forbidden city (this is one ofthe "twenty crimes" of hezhens being condemned to death). in the deepest partof the mansion, there is a two-story back cover building, 156 meters long fromeast to west. there are 88 windows on the back wall. there are 108 rooms in thebuilding, commonly known as "99 rooms and a half", which means "when you getthere, you will get rich".

its called "langrun garden" or "cuijin garden". its commonly known asgongwangfu garden. wandering in the garden is like walking in the mountains andrivers. echoing the residence, the garden is also divided into east, west andeast. the entrance of the middle road is a white marble arched stone gate withwestern architectural style, centered on the stele of "fu" written by emperorkangxi, with dulefeng and bat pool in front and green sky xiaoyin and bat hallin the back. the layout is memorable. the grand theater hall on the east road isdecorated with fresh and beautiful decoration. the purple flowers of twigs andvines are in full bloom, making people feel like watching the opera under thevines. at the south end of the theater, the ming daozhai, the winding pathleading to seclusion, the hanging green yue, the singing fragrance and thedrunken moon, and the liubei pavilion constitute the garden in the garden. inthe garden, there are towering ancient trees, lots of strange rocks, wateraround the mountains, pavilions, pavilions and corridors. the landscape of thegarden under the moonlight is ever-changing, with a unique cave. many chineseand foreign tourists come here, looking for the past of green mountains, clearwaters and winding paths.

prince gongs residence, located in qianhai west street, was built in 1776& mdash; 1785. it was originally the private residence of he li, a favoriteminister of qianlong in qing dynasty. after he li was killed in jiaqing forcorruption, the private residence here was given to king qing. during the reignof tongzhi, because prince gong yixin cooperated with cixi to launch a coup,empress dowager cixi gave the house to him and became prince gongsresidence.

the hall of silver luan is the main building of prince gongs residence. asthe main hall of the palace, it can only be opened when there are importantevents and festivals, which plays a role of etiquette. in the early years of therepublic of china, due to an accidental fire, the main hall was burned togetherwith the east and west side halls. now the courtyard of yinan hall isrebuilt.

the architecture in the period of hetao. there is a plaque on the side ofjiale hall. it is suspected that the plaque was given to hezhen by emperorqianlong, but there is no money and seal on the plaque, so there is no reason toconfirm it. however, hezhen has jialetang poetry anthology, which indicates thatit is the room name of hezhen. in the period of prince gong, jiale hall wasmainly used as the sacrificial place of the royal palace, where the tablets ofancestors and gods were offered, and shamanism was the main ritual. princegongs mansion covers an area of about 60000 square meters. it is divided intotwo parts: the mansion and the garden. it has more than 30 buildings of varioustypes, with exquisite layout and extraordinary style. its garden, also known asjincui garden, has a high artistic level in layout and design. the gardenimitates the palace of peaceful longevity in the imperial palace. the park issurrounded by rockeries in the shape of "mountain". in the east, south and west,there are mounds of earth and stone. in the middle of the road, there are cavesand gullies made of fangshan stone. the top platform becomes the highest pointof the whole garden. from a high position, you can see the whole garden. princegongs mansion was rebuilt on the basis of the officials residence. among the20 major crimes he convicted in that year, there was the problem of "potentialwaste and overstepping the system" about the decoration of the eaves. forexample, the 13th section of the article "found that the house of he had a nanmuhall, and its multi box structure and partition doors and windows imitated thesystem of ningshou palace";. therefore, the decoration of the eaves of princegongs residence is unique in the culture of prince gongs residence

1、 it has the highest specifications and can be compared with the palacebuildings

the decoration of the eaves of the main halls of prince gongs mansion isnot only duobaoge and partition, but also xianlou and the sacrificial stove withpilu hat in the temple. and has the indoor rockery pool, the decoration becomesthe indoor small garden, is ingenious.

2、 there are many forms

from the leitu, we can see that there were more than 20 buildings decoratedwith inner eaves in those years, and there were many types, such as taishibi,throne bed, blue gauze cabinet, sacrificial stove, wanzi kang, several legscover, floor cover, kang cover, true and false door, xianlou, shuge, duobaoge,shunshan kang, front and back eaves kang, etc.

3、 flexible demarcation and rich space:

the main halls of prince gongs mansion are composed of solemn and solemnopen space, private space, symmetrical space, asymmetric space and flexiblespace. some are suitable to receive senior guests, some are used for shamanismsacrificial activities, some are suitable for daily life, and some are used assleep, so different space needs are appropriate.

4、 exquisite workmanship and superb skills:

it can be seen from the decoration remains of prince gongs mansion thathardwood is used. the processed wood can be made into small sections, and thecarving patterns are undulating accurately. moreover, various kinds of wagonscan be made by using circles or curves. only on the basis of fine processing canit be completed. the construction difficulty is amazing. unfortunately, most ofthe original eaves decoration of prince gongs mansion has disappeared. today,through the study of the culture of prince gongs mansion, we should furtherexcavate it, combine with the future exhibition requirements of the museum ofprince gongs mansion, and reproduce the glory of that year.

in 1776, the 41st year of emperor qianlongs reign, he lin began to buildhis luxurious house, which was called "he di";. it is said that during the reignof emperor hongzhi of the ming dynasty, li guang, the great eunuch, was onceplaced here. on the third day of the first month of the fourth year of jiaqing,emperor hongli returned to heaven. on the next day, jiaqing stripped theminister of military aircraft and the governor of jiumen from his home. it isestimated that his total wealth is about 800 million taels of silver, which isequivalent to the fiscal revenue of the qing government for 15 years. therefore,there is a saying that "when he falls, jiaqing is satisfied.". on february 22,1799, on the 18th of the first month of the same year, he was ordered to commitsuicide;. the house itself, however, is owned by prince qingyu, his youngerbrother.

at the same time, qianlongs daughter and princess xiao, who were marriedto the son of hetao, still lived in half the house. in 1851, the first year ofxianfeng, prince gong yi, an important political figure in the late qingdynasty, became the third generation owner of the house and changed its name toprince gongs house, which is still in use today. &"a prince gongs mansion,half of the history of qing dynasty" is the evaluation of prince gongs mansionby hou renzhi, a historical geographer. in the early years of the republic ofchina, the palace was sold to the church by prince gongs grandson pu wei for400000 yuan. later, it was redeemed by furen university with 108 gold bars andused as a school for girls. after the founding of new china, wangfu has beenused by dormitories of the ministry of public security, fan factories,conservatory of music and other units.

prince gongs mansion is the most complete preserved building complex inchina, which is divided into two parts: the mansion and the garden, with themansion in the front and the garden in the back. the opening of prince gongsresidence was put on the agenda as early as 30 years ago. in 1975, premier zhouentrusted gu mu with three unfinished tasks in his hospital bed, one of whichwas the opening of prince gongs residence.

prince gongs residence was built in the reign of emperor qianlong of theqing dynasty. it was the private residence of heshi, a bachelor.

in the early years of tongzhi, yixin, the third generation of the hosthere, was the king of politics and the leader of the military plane. he was verypowerful and distinguished for a time. he built the mansion and renovated thepart of the mansion. it was at that time that the architectural scale andpattern of prince gongs mansion was finally formed.

the first half of prince gongs mansion is a magnificent mansion, and thesecond half is a deep and beautiful classical garden, covering an area of nearly60000 square meters. the mansion is dignified and solemn, simple and elegant,with bright corridors and ridges. it is second only to the imperial palace. thecuijin garden at the back of the mansion is surrounded by water and mountains,with towering ancient trees, winding corridors, pavilions and pavilions.

according to the existing literature, in this fengshui treasure land on thewest bank of qianhai in the capital, surrounded by "panlongshui", there was alarge-scale temple in the yuan and ming dynasties, which was full of incense andfull of visitors. even the emperor came here to worship the buddha. it was onlyin the middle of the 16th century that the temple was gradually abandoned andreduced to a supply factory of the ming dynasty. after the qing dynasty came tobeijing, a number of courtyards of different sizes were built here for ordinarybanners such as the house of internal affairs.

around the 40th year of emperor qianlongs reign, he lin, who was red andpurple in front of the emperor, fell in love with this fengshui treasure land,which is surrounded by water, connected to the western mountains, and not farfrom the emperors home. he bought many properties here at a high price andbuilt them into famous "and" di ";.

prince gongs residence is known as "half of the history of qing dynasty",which is closely related to the three generations of owners living here. as weall know, the first generation of government leader he lu was a zaifu and abachelor in the late qianlong period. he was also a famous corrupt official inhistory. he attracted peoples attention in the history of the qing dynasty, andthere were so many legends about him. in particular, his son, fengshen yin de,later married the youngest daughter of emperor qianlong, gu lun, and princessxiao, which made the mansion a real princess house for a while;

in the fourth year of jiaqing, he zhen died for his crime, so the emperorof jiaqing gave the house to his younger brother yongzhen, the king of is probably the most beloved of all the owners of this mansion. as earlyas when he lin was in power, all the princes of qianlong agreed that no matterwho became emperor in the future, he would be killed. but the 17th princeyonglin said: "no matter which elder brother becomes emperor in the future, iwill be satisfied if he lins mansion is awarded to me!";

when it comes to yongyao, many people are not familiar with him. but whenit comes to his grandson, yizhe, the prince of qing who signed the "treaty ofsorrow and disgrace" with li hongzhang and the allied forces of the eightcountries, im afraid everyone knows about him. yi zhe is also a famous corruptofficial in modern chinese history, but compared with the cowardly andincompetent bailey in the late qing dynasty, he is still a man who dares to beresponsible and can entrust heavy responsibilities. therefore, since the tongzhidynasty, yi zhe has been favored by empress dowager cixi. before xianfengchanged his residence to prince gong, he lived here as a general of theauxiliary country.

as for prince gong yixin, he was one of the most important politicalfigures in modern chinese history. he participated in the second opium war andalmost all the major political activities after it (1853-1898). during the"xinyou coup", he helped cixi to the throne of "hanging curtain to listen topolitics"; it is no exaggeration to say that without yi xin, the whole modernchinese history, and even the later chinese history, would have beenrewritten.

if all things in the world are spiritual, then this beautiful buildingsurrounded by "panlongshui" is destined to be a miserable garden full of sadtemperament and ill fated from the day it was born.

in the fourth year of jiaqing (1799), after he was executed, emperorjiaqing gave the west half of the mansion to his seventeen younger brotheryongyu, who only wanted to live in hes house but not in the emperors seat. thereason why they only gave him half of them was that the emperor qianlongs tenprincesses and their son-in-law, fengshen yinde, lived there at that time.

princess hexiao is the most legendary princess in the whole history of qingdynasty. her biological mother is wangs favorite concubine in the late years ofemperor qianlong. in the first month of qianlongs 40th year, when the youngestdaughter came to the world, whose temperament and appearance all resembled herfathers, the emperor was already 65 years old. although the ten princesses werewomen, they were born with divine power. they could open ten strong bows andoften rode with their father in hunting. as a result, qianlong loved her morethan all his children. he sighed more than once: "if you are an elder brother,the throne will belong to you in the future!" indeed, the ten princesses werenot only excellent in martial arts, but also had an extraordinary mind. when hewas happy, his son-in-law relied on his father-in-law and behaved delicatelyeven though, the princess once sternly reprimanded him: "you, amar, have beengracious to my father. you dont want to repay him, but you only know how totake bribes. im worried about you. on the day when my wealth is not guaranteed,even i will be affected by you“

although the ten princesses words were unfortunately right, emperorjiaqing still remembered his brother and sisters love and did not deprive himof the title of his younger sister husband. the princess and his wife stilllived in their original home. therefore, the house was divided into two parts:qingwangs house in the west and princesss house in the east. it was not untilseptember 1823, when the tenth princess died, that the whole house came underthe name of qingwang. at that time, yongyu had been dead for more than threeyears;

after 1911, according to the regulations of the government of the republicof china on preferential treatment of qing dynasty, the palace became theprivate property of the owner. later, because of the political turmoil and thedifficulties of livelihood, the posterity kings and grandchildren came intobeing one after another

大家好，今天我们来到的是著名的世界遗产之一故宫，它以园林景观和容纳了家具及工艺品的9000个房间的庞大建筑群，成为明清时代中国文明无价的历史见证。

首先来到的是太和殿。太和殿俗称金銮殿，在故宫的中心部位，是故宫三大殿之一。殿内有金漆木柱和精致的蟠龙藻井，上挂“正大光明”匾，话说先帝死前会把写有继承人的纸条塞入匾后。殿中间就是封建皇权的象征——金漆雕龙宝座。这太和殿红墙黄瓦，在阳光下金碧辉煌，是故宫最壮观的建筑。

参观完太和殿，就来到中和殿。中和殿是故宫三大殿之一，位于太和殿后。平面呈方形，黄色琉璃瓦、四角攒尖顶，正中间有镀金宝顶。形体壮丽，建筑精巧。

保和殿也是故宫三大殿之一，在中和殿后。平面长方形，建筑装修与彩绘十分精细绚丽。

乾清宫在故宫内庭最前面。从前此处为康熙皇帝居住和处理政务之处，清雍正后皇帝曾移居养心殿，但依旧在此批阅奏报，选派官吏和召见臣下。

再看，交泰殿在乾清宫和坤宁宫之间，含天地交合、安康美满之意。其建于明代，是座四角攒尖，镀金宝顶，龙凤纹饰的方形殿。明、清时，此殿是皇后生日举办寿庆活动的地方。坤宁宫在故宫“内庭”的最后面。明代时为皇后住所。清代时改为祭神场所。其中东暖阁为皇帝大婚的洞房，康熙、同治、光绪三帝，均在此举行婚礼。

再来到回音壁，它是中国木结构建筑的顶峰，仅凭木榫交结，斗拱支架，全用木材就完成了这一惊世杰作。天坛另一美妙绝伦之处，是奇妙的回声。站在圜丘坛的中心叫一声，你会听到从地层深处传来的明亮而深沉的回响，这声音仿佛来自地心，又似乎来自天空，所以人们为它取了一个充满神秘色彩的名字：“天心石”。在皇穹宇的四周有一道厚约0。9米的围墙，你站在一端贴着墙小声说话，站在另一端的人只要耳贴墙面就能听的异常清晰，并且还有立体声效果，这就是“回音壁”，这可以证明500年前的中国人已经能够运用声学原理了。

故宫是一座庞大的建筑群，我说也说不完，就请你们去细细游赏。

大家好，我是这次旅游的导游，我姓*，大家可以叫我*导!

现在快到目的地--北京天坛，所以我先给大家将一些注意事项：“礼貌、卫生、秩序、眼看手勿动、禁止乱涂乱画”这五点，记得哦!

乘客们，旅游景点已到，请大家有秩序的下车!现在我们来到了天坛的正门，这里是皇帝前来祭祀时进出的大门。现在，就让我一一地为大家介绍吧!

天坛，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。它位于北京城南端，是明、清两代皇帝祭祀天地之神和祈祷五谷丰收的地方。天坛不仅是中国古建筑中的明珠，也是世界建筑史上的瑰宝。

天坛东西长1700米，南北宽1600米，种面积为273万平方米。天坛包括圜丘和祈谷二坛，围墙分内外两层，呈回字形。北围墙为孤圆形，南围墙与东西墙成直角相交，为方形。这种南方北圆，，通称“天地墙”，象徽古代“天圆地方”之说。

以上就是天坛的故事，时间不早了，现在，大家自由参观拍照吧!--转眼间，我们的北京天坛一日游又结束了，大家有秩序的坐车回家吧!

篇四：北京六大景点导游词颐和园

各位游客，大家好!今天我要带大家去颐和园 各位游客，大家好!今天我要带大家去颐和园游玩，希望大家在颐和园留下一段美好的回忆。我叫黄嘉仪，你们叫我黄总导。

现在我们已经来到了长廊。你们看，绿漆的柱子，红漆的栏杆，一眼望不到头。这条长廊有七、八百米长，分成二百三十七间。每一间的横槛上都有五彩的花，画着人物、花草、风景，几千幅画没有哪两幅是相同的。长廊两旁栽满了花木，这一种花还没谢，那一种花又开了。微风从左边的昆明湖上吹来，使人神清气爽，你感觉到了吗?

大家看，我们现在走到了长廊的尽头。我们面前就是万寿山。大家抬头向上看，那一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑耸立在半山腰上，黄色的琉璃瓦闪闪发光。那就是佛香阁。下面的一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿，就是排云殿。

下面请大家随我一起去游览一下昆明湖吧!你们看，昆明湖多美呀!静得像一面镜子，绿得像一块碧玉。游船、画舫在湖面慢慢地滑过，几乎不留一点儿痕迹。

颐和园的景色说也说不尽。你们看那，还有湖心岛和十七孔桥，请你们自己细细观赏吧!今天大家玩得开心吗?希望你们下次来，我还是你们的导游。

各位来宾朋友：大家好！欢迎大家来到北京的故宫，我是你们的导游莹莹，今天就由我带领大家一起游北京故宫。

我先介绍一下故宫的概况。

故宫建于北京的中央，以南北为中轴线，座北朝南，充分体现了皇权至上的封建统治思想。故宫城外是皇城，皇城外又有北京城，真是城城包围！

历史上，故宫因火灾或者其它原因，曾多次的重建，但基本格局没有改变，主要分为外朝和内廷两部分。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，文华、武英两殿为两翼，是皇帝上朝接受朝贺、接见群臣和举行大型典礼的地方。内廷有乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫、御花园及两侧分列的东西六宫，是封建皇帝进行日常活动和后妃皇子居住游玩及奉神的地方。

广场南面的保和殿是外朝三在殿的最后一座，规格等级仅次于太和殿，面阔9间，进深5间，重檐歇山顶，翼角置走兽9个，内外檐均施金龙和玺彩画，菱花梧扇，生落在高大的汉白玉“三台”之上。

我的讲解到此为止了，祝大家游玩愉快！

远古的拒马河水很大，河上不能架桥，每拐一个大弯进一个村庄就有一个渡口，在一渡至十渡20千米内共有10个弯，也就有10个渡口，十渡也就由此而得名。

另一种说法就与佛教有关，“十渡”是佛教的“十方世界，普渡众生”的简称。十方世界即东，南，西，北，东南，东北，西南，西北，上，下，为什么十渡的一至五渡没有叫“渡”，而从六渡开始才叫“渡”呢，因为佛教的信徒要做到五戒(亦称五关)即不杀生，不偷盗，不邪淫，不妄语，不饮酒。只有过了这五关才能得以度化。(五渡叫西关上)六波罗蜜又称“六度”，“六到彼岸”，是佛教提出的从生死彼岸到达涅磐彼岸的六种途径。这六种途径是：布施，持戒，忍辱，精进，禅定，智慧，把有缘，应该得度的众生，统统度化了，众生度尽，方证菩提，自利利他。“十渡”是功圆果满的象征。

各位游客：

大家好！

欢迎大家来到颐和园。我叫徐苗，大家可以叫我徐导，很高兴能为大家服务。

颐和园是中国四大名园之一，位于北京市海淀区，原为帝王行宫花园。金贞元元年完颜亮设为行宫，明时皇室改建为好山园。清乾隆十五年又改建，名为清漪园。咸丰十年被英法联军所毁。光绪十四年慈禧太后移用海军经费重建，改名为颐和园。颐和园面积约

2.9平方千米，水面占总面积的四分之三。1998年12月2日，颐和园被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》。今天大家来到这里，相信一定会不虚此行的。

看，展现在我们眼前的是著名的长廊。这条长廊非常长，全长728米，分成了273间。廊上的每一根枋梁都有五彩的画，共有14000余幅，而其中没有哪两幅是相同的，难怪被称为“世界第一长廊”。

走完长廊，我们现在来到了万寿山脚下。请大家抬头看——那座耸立在半山腰的八角宝塔形的三层建筑，就是佛香阁。爬上万寿山，我们可以看到颐和园的全部风景。

郁郁葱葱的树丛掩映着黄的、绿的琉璃瓦屋顶和朱红的宫墙，给人一种壮观而又神秘的感觉。

大家再往前看，这就是碧波荡漾的昆明湖。游船在平静的湖面上游弋，不时传来游客的欢歌笑语。湖上有一座美丽的石桥！这座石桥有17个桥洞，叫十七孔桥。桥栏杆上有上百根石柱，柱子上都雕刻着姿态不一的活灵活现的小狮子。

朋友们，今天我们的游览就要结束了，希望这段美好的时光能成为您永恒的记忆，同时也祝大家旅途愉快，合家幸福！欢迎大家再次来颐和园游玩！

亲爱的游客们，大家好！我是你们的导游，我姓林，叫我林导游好了。很高兴认识你们，现在我将带领你们游览北京故宫，欣赏我国文化遗产。

现在我为大家简介一下故宫：故宫是我国明清二朝的皇宫，也是现在最大，最完整的古建筑群。希望大家在游览时做个文明的游客。不乱扔垃圾，不触摸物品，这样才能欣赏到有着历史气息的故宫。

现在我们进入太和殿的大门，战线在宴请的便是一座座雄伟的宫殿。正前面那座最大的木构建宇，很是引人注目，那就是太和殿。它是皇权的象征，每当有重大的活动，皇帝都在此举行。

后面这一排金碧辉煌的尬宫殿，分别是中和殿，保和殿。游完了辉煌的太和殿，大家估计累了吧，我们在这休息一会，大家可以在周围走走看看。20分钟后我们在御花园门口集中。

休息时间到了，大家都人齐了。我想问问你们是否能感受到这儿的生活气息很浓呢？这里的一切起居用品在当时都是堪称一流的，后宫里的户外养心之处是御花园。它的格局，布局紧凑，古色古香，花草树木点缀其间。非常美丽。亭台楼阁相依相承。是个清心雅致，赏心悦目的好地方。

这次旅游到此结束，祝大家愉快！谢谢！

Далее в пекине сообщил, что в столице китая, по всей стране политического, культурного центра международных контактов, а также в узел из известных исторических и культурных городов, полна император в газ, грубость знатный. В начале 70 миллионов лет назад, в пекине в ZhouKouDian возникла первобытный человек сообщество "пекинец». Первоначально в пекине среди хроники имя "артишок". 1045 году до нашей эры в артишок, йен страна князей, столичный город. В 221 году до нашей эры цинь шихуан единства китая до нашей эры 937 году Пекин был на севере китая, организованная и местные власти в столичный город. Нашей эры правления 1938 года, на севере китая в пекине (Liao говорит YanJing); PeiDou После того, как золото, элемент, открытая, увековечить всех поколений в столице все путем, и до 650 лет.

1 октября 1949 года КНР в пекине был создан в столице китая. Здесь есть крупнейшим в мире, GongQiang BiWa, усиленно охраняемой императорский дворец запретный город, проявить королевский сад QiDu в парк ихэюань, храм, храм неба JiTian императорский сад в северном, горный хребет бадалин, MuTianYu, SiMaTai великая китайская стена, а также крупнейшим в мире сыхэюйан GongWangFu такие достопримечательности. Поголовно прозрачный на продемонстрированному навязываюсь. В качестве культурных древняя столица, тысячи лет, годы здесь отстойный, глубокий историко-культурными, кроме того, эти манеры изощренный королевской здание, просто это улочках YiCaoYiMu, сыхэюйан в Один кирпич Один черепица, подворье XiLou Один стервятник момент, уже рассказал нам это давняя. Это перед нами выросли на знаменитостей дом-музей поголовно документально YiDuanDuan HongHong LieLie исторические памятники истории, это YiChuChu поголовно в рассказать на одно смертельная запечатлеть в сердце исторических событий.

Но это все не мешает это и модернизации и стыка переплетаются, огромный ChangAnJie отличающийся большим движением и оживлением, вдоль и поперек вперемежку эстакада разветвленный, WangFuJing BuHangJie дрожащие неоновая, SanLiTun, ShenChaHai бар, на улице ярко освещенный колыхаться богатство цвета, имеет «силиконовой долины» китая в ZhiChen шумных жонгуанкун, поголовно в столице народ гордость. Пекин все движемся к более величественные завтра соваться в.

早上好!欢迎参加由展一小四(1)班旅行社组织的“奥林匹克森林公园南园一日游”，导游就是我了。

奥林匹克森林公园北起五环路，南至民族园路和北土城路;东起安立路及北辰东路，西至林翠路及北辰西路，总占地面积680公顷，是离北京市最近的森林公园。整个公园分南园和北园两部分，由于时间关系，我们今天只游玩南园。现在我声明一下注意事项：1.请跟紧队伍，以防走失;2.山路危险，小心脚下;3.请不要在您停留过的地方留下垃圾;4禁止明火，以防火灾。最后，祝我们游玩愉快。

奥林匹克森林公园南区的“主山主湖”是整个公园的标志性工程。主山体以398万立方米土方堆砌填筑而成，主湖体“奥运湖”和景观河道构成奥林匹克森林公园中的“龙”形水系。

今天我们要从南门进入公园。首先，我们来到入口北侧的露天广场，它位于主湖“奥海”南岸，与奥林匹克观景大道连为一体。此广场面积为4万平米，可容纳2万名游客，北侧还有呈弧形设计的音乐激光喷泉。这个喷泉是北京最为壮观的户外表演场所。

往西走，就是园内最吸引人的人造湿地了。在大片芦苇、香蒲、球穗莎草等植物的指引下，我们就能找到它了。湿地上有一座小桥，下桥走500米就到了水下沉廊。它是从南园到北园的惟一入口。水下沉廊的廊体是由新型玻璃筑成，完全是透明的，大家可以观赏一下水底景色。

现在已经到中午了。我们就到森林公园制高点--“天境”上野餐吧。“天境”位于“仰山”峰顶，在这里我们可以清楚地看到鸟巢和水立方的全貌。这里还有29棵苍翠油松，寓意着第29届奥运会。

我们现在看到的那块景观石，高5.7米，重63吨，是特意从泰山运来的。我们可以在周围野餐，一个半小时后就在这块景观旁集合。

北京奥林匹克公园

大家都到齐了吗?好，我们将要从西门返回了，沿途我们还将经过“雕塑广场”。有银光闪闪的大型雕塑“运动员之路”，还有金奖作品“和平塔”等等。

好了，上车返航的时间到。我们还可以在车上讨论观园感想，如果有哪位对下一次游园活动“奥林匹克森林公园北园一日游”有什么建议的话，请尽快告诉我哟!Today is best day !

大家好!我是一位小小导游。大家好!我是你们这次游览的导游。大家可以叫我小陈。今天是个好天气，认识你们很高兴，如果有什么问题，可以找我帮忙。祝大家旅行愉快!

请大家跟我去停车场乘坐大巴，长城在北京郊区，一百公里以外，我们要坐两个小时的车。

大家都坐好了吗?我们出发了。现在我就给出大家介绍一下着名的世界遗产——长城。

毛主席曾经说过：“不到长城非好汉。”今天，你们要登长城做好汉了!祝贺你们!长城是中国的像征，身为中华儿女的我们，又怎么能不骄傲呢?

大家记得古时候有一个传说吗?那是勤劳的孟姜女为了找被官兵捉去建筑长城的丈夫，经过许多艰难困苦，来到长城边。当她四处打听，才知道丈夫被活活地累死了，于是，她在长城哭了三天三夜。突然，只听”轰隆“一声，长城被哭倒了800里。孟姜女终于见到了自己死去的丈夫。游客们，这是多么感人的故事啊，可见，万里长城凝结了千万人民的血汗，是中华人民智慧的结晶。

长城从东头的山海关到西头的嘉峪关，有一万三千多里。我们今天去看的是最有名的八达岭长城。大家请跟我来。看，长城高大坚固，是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的。城墙顶上铺着方砖，十分平整，像很宽的马路，五六匹马可以并行。城墙外沿有两米多高的成排的垛子，垛子上有方形的瞭望口和射口，供瞭望和射击用。城墙顶上，每隔三百多米就有一座方形的城台，是屯兵的堡垒。打仗的时候，城台之间可以互相呼应。现在，大家站在长城上远眺，是不是前看不到头，后见不着尾呢?

游客们，我先介绍到这里了，请大家慢慢欣赏。

大家注意了，在游览时，不要乱丢垃圾，乱涂乱画，爱护长城这一人们用血汗换来的世界遗产。

各位游客你们好!欢迎来到北京故宫观光旅游，希望大家通过我的介绍，对北京故宫留下美好的印象，谢谢!

现在展示在你们面前的就是气势雄伟的故宫。故宫位于北京中心，又称紫禁城，这里曾居住过24位皇帝，是明清两代的皇宫，北京故宫是我国现存最大、最完整的古建筑群，总面积在12万多平方米，有殿宇宫室9999间半，其中最有名的是三大殿和天安门，宫殿四周围着高10米、长340米的宫墙，墙外引人注目的护城河有52米宽。

三大殿中的太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑，也称金銮殿。是皇帝举行大典的地方，殿高28米，东西63米，南北35米，有直径达1米的大柱92根，御座设在殿内高2米的台上，后面有精雕细刻的围屏，整个大殿金碧辉煌、庄严绚丽。

今天的观光旅游将结束，美丽的故宫欢迎您下次光临，谢谢!

​

我姓苏，叫我苏导游，今天带你们来游览一下我国著名的天坛。

我国天坛建于公元15世纪上半叶，坐落在皇家园林当中，四周杏松环保，是保存完好的坛庙建筑群，无论再整体布局还是单一建筑群上，到反映出天地之间的关系，而这一关系在中国古代宇宙观中占着核心位置。同是，这些建筑还体现出帝王将相在这一关系中所起的独特作用。

天坛位于北京市崇文区永定门内大街左侧，是明清两代帝王祭天祈谷、夏至祈雨、冬至祭雪的圣地。

天坛主要建筑均位于内坛，从南到北排列在一条直线上。全部宫殿、坛基都朝南呈圆形，以象征天。整个布局和建筑结构，都具有独特的风格。祈年殿是皇帝祈祷五谷丰收的场所，是一座三重檐的圆形大殿，高38米，直径32.72米，蓝色琉璃瓦屋顶，全砖木结构，没有大梁长檩，全靠28根木柱和36根枋桷支撑，在造型上具有高度的艺术价格。

看过“北京天坛导游词”

北京农学院是一所特色鲜明、多科融合的北京市属都市型高等农业院校，始建于1956年,几经变迁、数易校名，1965年正式升格为大学，1978年经国务院批准定名为北京农学院。学校占地面积2159亩(校本部1136亩，科技园区1023亩)，是北京市“花园式”单位，先后被授予“北京市文明校园”和“首都文明单位”等荣誉称号。

学校现有15个二级学院(教学部)：生物技术学院、植物科学技术学院、动物科学技术学院、经济管理学院、园林学院、食品科学与工程学院、计算机与信息工程学院、人文社会科学学院、城乡发展学院(继续教育学院)、国际学院、思想政治理论教学科研部、基础教学部(外语教学部、体育教学部)。有教职员工770余人，其中专任教师424人，教授74人，副教授196人。教师中受聘为“外籍院士”1人，北京市有突出贡献的科学、技术、管理人才1人，北京市高层次人才2人，享受国务院特殊津贴4人，北京市教学名师5人，北京市创新人才7人，北京市级中青年骨干教师65人，北京市优秀学术创新团队和优秀教学团队13个，兼职博士生导师12人。学校现有各类在校生8300余人，其中研究生610余人，本科生6140余人，高职生1170余人，继续教育类学生400余人，已形成以本科教育为主、加快发展研究生教育、兼有高等职业技术教育和继续教育的多类型、多层次的都市型高等农业教育体系。

学校现有7个一级学科硕士学位授予点，覆盖了21个二级学科硕士学位授予点。有2个类别涉及12个领域的专业学位硕士授予点，28个本科专业，其中园艺、动物医学、农林经济管理3个专业为国家级特色建设专业，农学、动物医学、园林、食品科学与工程、农林经济管理、园艺等6个专业为北京市级特色建设专业;有1个北京市大学科技园、3个北京市人才培养基地和3个北京市实验教学示范中心;有果树学、临床兽医学、农业经济管理、农产品加工及贮藏工程、园林植物与观赏园艺5个北京市重点(建设)学科，有农业部都市农业(北方)重点实验室、兽医学(中医药)北京市重点实验室、农业应用新技术北京市重点实验室、农产品有害微生物及农残安全检测与控制北京市重点实验室、北京市新农村建设研究基地、北京都市农业研究院、首都农产品安全产业技术研究院等7个北京市级(省部级)重点实验室或研究机构。

学校坚持以培养具有创新精神和创业能力的应用型复合型人才为中心，努力打造和完善都市型现代农业高等教育体系。“十一五”期间，“都市型现代农业人才模式创新与实践”获得北京市教育教学成果一等奖，“都市型现代农业人才培养模式创新试验区”被批准为北京市级人才培养模式创新试验区。学生在中国青年创新大赛、“挑战杯”首都大学生创业计划竞赛、北京市大学生学科竞赛、全国跆拳道锦标赛等一系列科技、文艺、体育竞赛中获得北京市级(省部级)以上奖励260余项，其中一等奖40余项。毕业生一次就业率始终保持在96%以上，研究生就业率保持在100%，学校多次被评为“北京地区高校毕业生就业工作先进集体”，并被授予“北京地区高校示范性就业中心”称号。 尤其是大学生“村官”培养工作，得到了中央领导的肯定，中央政治局委员、中组部部长李源潮同志批示：“北京农学院培养‘村官’的经验很好，为新农村建设输送了新型人才。”

学校紧密围绕首都新农村建设和都市型现代农业发展需求，积极开展农业科技创新和科学研究，努力打造和完善都市型现代农业科技创新体系。“十一五”期间，学校共承担各级涉农类科研项目1000余项，其中省部级以上科研项目168项。获省部级以上科技成果奖励14项。尤其是近三年来，学校共获得国家级科技进步奖、国家技术发明奖3项，其中主持(第一完成单位)1项。我校依托北京都市农业研究院主持研究并形成的“北京沟域经济发展的理论与实践”得到了北京市委市政府的肯定和采纳，目前发展沟域经济已经成为北京市都市型现代农业发展的着力点。

学校坚持“立足首都、服务三农、辐射全国”的办学定位，积极开展社会服务工作，努力打造和完善都市型现代农业技术推广服务体系。“十一五”期间，学校创建实施了“政产学研推”服务新农村建设特色模式，深入推进农村实用人才“1+1+X”科技培训工程，通过开展“百名专家兴百村”、“科普惠农兴村计划”和“双百对接”活动，推广和转化农业技术和成果380项，帮助京郊70个村镇完成了经济社会发展规划编制，培训农村实用人才36000余人次。学校被授予“全国城乡妇女岗位建功集体”“北京市社会力量参与社会主义新农村建设先进单位”荣誉称号，全国人大会副委员长韩启德为我校题词：“把论文写在京郊大地上，把成果凝结在农民的收获里”。

学校坚持开放办学，积极开展国际交流与合作。“十一五”期间，先后与美国、英国、俄罗斯、意大利、澳大利亚、日本等11个国家的20所大学签署合作协议或备忘录。与英国哈珀•亚当斯大学学院开展了本科“3+1”合作办学项目，与日本麻布大学、波兰波兹南大学开展了研究生交流学习项目，与美国、荷兰的涉农类公司企业开展了专科生“2+1”研修项目。学校积极承办和参与第四届国际板栗学术会、动物福利国际会议、欢庆国际诺鲁孜节暨中塔友谊杏树移栽仪式、中德都市农业发展与合作研讨会等大型国际学术会议和重要活动，提升了学校的国际化办学水平。

学校在长期的办学实践中，形成了“艰苦奋斗，勤于实践、崇尚科学、面向基层”的优良传统，“以农为本、唯实求新”的办学理念，“立足首都、服务三农、辐射全国”的办学定位。当前，全体“北农人”在科学发展观的引领下，解放思想、团结一致、努力进取，正在为实现把学校建设成为特色鲜明、多科融合的都市型现代农林大学的目标而努力奋斗!

亲爱的游客们，我们已经来到长城脚下了。长城是在春秋战国时期秦始皇始建的。接着是明朝的大建，现在比较雄伟的长城关口基本都是明朝建的。比如山海关、八达岭、居庸关等。到清朝以后就基本不大规模修建了，直到现在。

让我们登上长城看看吧，这里的城砖十分平坦难，像很宽的马路，五六匹马可以并行。城墙外沿有两米多高的成排的垛子，垛子上方形的洞是瞭望口和射口。游客们请注意，不要爬到垛子上和城墙上，以免摔伤。城墙顶上每隔三百多米就有一座方形的城台，那是屯兵的堡垒，打仗的时候城台之间可以互相呼应。

关于长城还有一个传说：相传秦始皇时劳役繁重，青年男女范杞梁，孟姜女新婚三天，新郎就被迫出发修长城，不久因饥寒劳累而死，尸骨被埋在长城脚下。孟姜女历尽艰辛，万里寻夫来到长城脚下，得到的却是丈夫的噩耗，她在长城脚下大哭了三天三夜不止。长城为止迸裂露出范杞梁的尸骸，孟姜女绝望之中投海而死。从此山海关被认为是孟姜女哭长城之地，并建了孟姜女庙、孟姜女路等。

各位游客，下面可以自由活动一会儿，一小时后集合返程。

大家好，我叫吴wq，大家叫我吴导吧!现在我们要游览举世无双的北京故宫。

你们看，我们来到了雄伟的故宫，故宫又称紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫;故宫是世界上规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群，为我们国家最大的古建筑群。它使建于明永乐(公元1406年)，14年才完工呢，有24位皇帝在此登基。“好了，我们现在准备去大殿里，请游客朋友们跟上队伍，千万别掉队，否则走丢了，就找不到我们了!”

进了故宫，大家首先看见的就是人……为什么这么多人来到这里呢?因为明朝永乐年间，一百万劳工花了十四年的时间修筑起来的故宫是世界是最大的宫殿，非常有名，每天都有数万名游客来这里观光。

故宫的面积约是天-安-门广场的两倍，比凡尔赛宫殿还大，是日本平安神宫的十倍左右。故宫的历史开始于570年前，请大家把思绪拉回到570年前来游览故宫吧!

这个建筑是故宫朝南的正门，叫作午门。午是正晌午时的午，是位于正中的意思。午门的下面，有五个拱门，正中间的门只有皇帝才能出入，即使地位很高的大臣，也只能使用两侧的门;地方上的诸候只能使用最两端的小门。这些都是根据身份，等级来严格规定的。过去，只有皇后在结婚的时候，才能从午门进入一次，其它女性一律禁止出入午门。当然现在是谁都可以进啦。过去对皇帝的心腹都是这样严厉，一般百姓就更不用提啦。连靠近故宫都不行。所以，这个故宫又被称作紫禁城。紫是紫色的紫。过去有天帝之子，老子住的地方当然也得是紫色的宫殿才中!于是，用了个紫字。禁就是禁止入内的禁字，也就是禁止随便进放的意思。

这正中的路是皇帝专用的。这条但是故宫的中轴线，也是整个北京城的中轴线。北京的主要建筑大多都沿着这个中轴线而建，两边的建筑也多是对称的。皇帝的宫殿位于这中轴线的中间，显示着”普天之下，唯我独尊”。这条路是用大理石铺成的。请看，这大理石路比两边的路高出一块儿来。当皇帝将走这段路时，还要在上面铺上地毯之类的东西，这样就高了。所以纵然皇帝身材短小，在这上面一走，也显得高大伟岸!

皇帝是了不起的”爷们儿”，这中间的门也是了不起的”爷门儿”。每当皇帝经过这中间的门时，都要敲响大钟、大鼓伴奏才行。皇帝就这样迈着步子：咚咚---咚咚咚咚---咚---咚真戳威严无比!皇帝打心眼儿里感觉到：看!还是老子伟大!下面，我们大家也假装当回皇帝，体会一下皇帝走路的感觉吧!

(在太和门前)这个建筑叫太和门，是故宫里最大的木制大门。在这个大门的前面，放有一对狮子，这是明代用青铜的。狮子强悍，吼声震天，使百兽惧怕，放在这里，代表着皇帝的威严。那里有个石头做的像邮筒似的东西，那是大臣，诸候求皇帝时，要写申请书放在里边，由皇帝的仆人转达给皇帝：”万岁，此人求见，可以吗?””好。””是，遵命。”就可以有进了。如果皇帝狱：”不行!”那求见的人就会被撵走。和它相对称的那边，还有一个石头做成的东西，它的形状像一个大印，象征着皇帝的权力。也就是说：老子的权力坚如磐石，不管世间有何变动，老子的权力永远不变!

(经过太和门之后)前面的大殿叫太和殿，是故宫内最大的建筑物，并且是过去北京城最高的建筑物。皇帝下令：任何人的房子也不能高出老子的房子。所以京城只好建了平房，北京过去曾被称为”平房之都”，下边的广场是太和殿广场，为什么要建这么大的广场呢?如果不建这个广场或是建个小广场，那么，人们就不会感觉到太和殿的雄伟壮观。只有建这么大的广场，站在这里向对面看去：蓝天之下，黄瓦生辉。再加上下面白色的石台，给人以豪华绚烂之感。举行大典的时候，皇帝坐在太和殿正中的御座;文武百官跪伏在广常那时还要往石台上的大鼎里放入绿叶松枝燃烧，弄得烟雾缭绕，太和殿直就像云中楼阁一样，文武百官仰望着云中楼阁呼万岁，坐在御座上的皇帝感觉是多么良好，就可想而知啦。

(在太和殿广场)尽管故宫周围有十米高的城墙和52米宽的护城河，皇帝还是担心有人挖地道钻进故宫暗杀他，吓得睡不好觉，，绞尽脑汁想了个办法，就是把广场用十五层砖横、竖交叉地铺严实了，才终于放下心来。从这件事也可以看出，当时的权力斗争是何等激烈!当然在大典时，文武百官三呼万岁，但皇帝还是怀有戒心：这里面，这家伙，那家伙，说不定哪个家伙想暗杀老子，不注意哪行!这广场的砖层大约有三、四米深。

(在太和殿的石台上)这个由石头做成的东西叫嘉量，嘉量是当时的标准度量衡，表示皇帝公平处事，谁半斤，谁八两，心里自然有数。对面还有一个石头做成的东西，叫作日晷。发音和日记一样，但不是日记，是用来看时间的石头表。皇帝的意思是：重量和时间的基准都在老子这里。

那边有鹤和龟，”千年仙鹤，万年龟”，是长寿的象征。不过，中国和日本不同，是颠倒过来说的，叫作”万年仙鹤，千年龟”。为什么说法不一样呢?大概是过去日本的留学生在中国学了词句之后，乘船归国途中，由于船的颠簸使头脑产生混乱，记颠倒了。还有许多例子，如：日本讲良妻贤母，中国讲贤妻良母;日本讲平和，中国讲和平;日本讲-法政大学，而在中国叫作政法大学。文章的意思完全一样，但只是顺序不同，大概就是乘船颠簸所致。那鹤和龟不单是一种装饰物，也是一种香炉。它们的背都盖着盖儿，每当大典时，就把盖掀起来，放入檀香燃烧，那烟就从它们的嘴里缓缓溢出，就好像它们都在吞云吐雾一样。

请大家从石台上回头看广常我们进了故宫之后还没有看见过树。为什么在这么宽阔的地方连一树都不种呢?……不是为了防止暗杀，而是为了制造气氛。如果种了树，郁郁葱葱一片绿，鸟儿在上面又唱又叫的，就会呈现出生活的气息。如果不种绎，就会产生庄严的气氛。我们来想像一下：过去大臣、诸候要见皇帝时，全都得从天-安-门走着进来，走在宽阔的路上看着高大的建筑，在庄严肃穆的气氛中，大臣、诸候就会越走越感到压力沉重，当走到皇帝面前时，就会自然地双腿打着哆嗦跪下来了。

中国历史上最后一个皇帝---爱新觉罗.溥仪三岁时当上皇帝的，他即位时的御座就在太和殿的正中。现在开始五分钟自由活动，五分钟后在那凉快的地方集合。

各位游客们：

大家好!我叫张豪乾，大家怎么称呼我呢?叫我张导就行了，很高兴我能陪同大家一起参观故宫。北京故宫位于北京市中心，是明清两代的皇宫，故宫有称为“紫禁城”。

故宫经历有明清两个朝代和24个皇帝。故宫规模宏大，西东宽750米，南北长960米，占地72万平方米，建筑积15万多平方米，有房屋1000多间，是世界历史上最大最完整的古代建筑。进了故宫的大门，你就会看见五座汉白玉石桥为什么是五座，而不是七座、八座，甚至十座呢?原来，古时候的皇帝都必须带有仁、义、礼、智、信这种特点，所以才是五座石桥的。

桥上有上百根石柱，柱子上刻着无数的小狮子，那么多的小狮子，有的颔首低眉，好像是忧闷而不开心的样子，有的张牙武爪，好像是展示自己的威武。 故宫的御花园，原名宫后椀，占地一万二千平方米。以鉄安殿为中心，园林建筑采用石砖来修建，左右对称的格砖紧凑。殿东北的堆秀山上筑御景亭，每年重阳节，皇上就在此登高。

好了游客们我们在这里歇一会，休息一下，你们也可以拍下自己喜欢的景点，注意卫生和安全。