北京十三陵导游词【合集20篇】

各位游客们：

大家好!我叫张豪乾，大家怎么称呼我呢?叫我张导就行了，很高兴我能陪同大家一起参观故宫。北京故宫位于北京市中心，是明清两代的皇宫，故宫有称为“紫禁城”。

故宫经历有明清两个朝代和24个皇帝。故宫规模宏大，西东宽750米，南北长960米，占地72万平方米，建筑积15万多平方米，有房屋1000多间，是世界历史上最大最完整的古代建筑。进了故宫的大门，你就会看见五座汉白玉石桥为什么是五座，而不是七座、八座，甚至十座呢?原来，古时候的皇帝都必须带有仁、义、礼、智、信这种特点，所以才是五座石桥的。

桥上有上百根石柱，柱子上刻着无数的小狮子，那么多的小狮子，有的颔首低眉，好像是忧闷而不开心的样子，有的张牙武爪，好像是展示自己的威武。 故宫的御花园，原名宫后椀，占地一万二千平方米。以鉄安殿为中心，园林建筑采用石砖来修建，左右对称的格砖紧凑。殿东北的堆秀山上筑御景亭，每年重阳节，皇上就在此登高。

好了游客们我们在这里歇一会，休息一下，你们也可以拍下自己喜欢的景点，注意卫生和安全。

dear tourists

hello and welcome to beijing. im your guide.

prince gongs house garden is a unique garden located behind prince gongshouse, also known as cuijin garden. it is located at no.14, liuyin street. itwas built in 1777. according to research, it was rebuilt on the old garden ofming dynasty. the park covers an area of 28000 square meters, with 31 ancientbuildings. prince gong has skilled craftsmen in the garden to rebuild thegarden, adding mountains and woods, colorful paintings, integrating thelandscape architecture of the south china and the northern architecture. it is agarden for the western architecture and chinese classical gardens. after itscompletion, it was the crown of the hundred imperial palace of beijing. it isthe essence of the existing art of wang fu in the city of beijing, and it can becalled the pearl of the shichahai. among them, the western gate in the garden,the stele with the word "fu" in yushu, and the indoor theater building are alsoknown as the "three wonders" of prince gongs mansion. some scholars believethat this garden may be the prototype of the grand view garden in a dream of redmansions written by cao xueqin.

wangfu is the largest and best preserved palace of qing dynasty in is located at no.17 qianhai west street, northwest of shichahai. it is now akey cultural relic protection unit in china. prince gongs mansion was built atthe end of the 18th century. in the early period of the reign of emperorqianlong, it was the residence of a bachelor named helian. in the fourth year ofjiaqing (1799 ad), helian was convicted, and the residence was confiscated andgiven to prince qing. in the first year of xianfeng (1851 ad), it was given toprince gong, aixinjueluo?.

in qing dynasty, there were strict regulations in the royal residence,which stipulated that the princes residence had five main gates, seven mainhalls, five back halls, seven back bedrooms, and a side hall on the left andright. however, many royal palaces have gone through many vicissitudes and havelong been beyond recognition. only prince gongs mansion is the most completeand well decorated qing dynasty royal mansion in beijing. mr. hou renzhi, afamous scholar, called it "a palace of prince gong, half of the history of qingdynasty".

prince gongs residence is divided into three parallel roads, east, middleand west. it is the largest courtyard in the world. the three buildings on themiddle road are the main body of the mansion. the first is the main hall, thesecond is the back hall, and the third is the extension building. the extensionbuilding is 160 meters long from east to west and has more than 40 houses. thereare three courtyards on east road and west road respectively, which echo thebuildings on middle road. the last part of the palace is the garden, with morethan 20 different scenic spots.

the garden of prince gongs mansion has both central axis and symmetry. thewhole garden is divided into middle road, east road and west road, forming anumber of courtyards. on the central axis are yuanmen, feilaifeng, bat pool,anshantang, fangchi, rockery, yuetai, lvtianxiaoyin and bat hall. the buildingson the middle road are basically symmetrical with the mountains and waters,while the east and west roads are only symmetrical with the mountains andbuildings. the whole garden is surrounded by six mountain dragons: two mountainsin the south, east and west, and one mountain in the back of the middleroad.

the east road is mainly built. in the east, there are two mountains runningnorth and south, each turning into a enclosure in the southeast and building is divided into three small courtyards. in the south, it is closeto the east courtyard. looking up, there is an exquisite vertical flower , there is a long and narrow courtyard. bamboo was planted in thecourtyard. the main hall is behind the grand theater, the west chamber is behindthe middle road mingdao hall, the east chamber is a row of wing rooms, and thewest chamber is another long and narrow courtyard. at the entrance of the mooncave gate, he said, "sing the fragrance and drink the moon.". on the north sideis the main building of east road, the grand theater building, which is a smalltheater with an area of 685 square meters. there are front hall, auditorium,stage, acting room, etc. in the theater, the decoration is luxurious, and it isthe viewing place of the palace.

the west road is dominated by mountains and rivers. the beginning of thewest road is from feilai peak to the west, and at the south end is a majesticpass between the two mountains. the name of the pass is yuguan, which is theshanhaiguan pass of the great wall. it is the symbol of the great wall and isknown as the first pass in the world. at that time, the emperor of the qingdynasty entered the pass from then on. setting this pass in the garden is enoughto show that the garden owner does not forget the great achievements of the qingdynasty when he came to the central plains from shanhaiguan. before yuguan,there is dafangchi, the center of the west road. in the southeast corner of thedafangchi, there is a small stream, which is connected with fuhe river in theeast. in the dafangchi, there is a square island with a fish watching platform,which is used to describe zhuangzis allusion to the joy of watching fish onhaoshang. in the west of the pond is xishan. in front of the pond, there arefive hall houses. the chaoshou corridor in the east is connected with the curvedcorridor in the middle road.

the theme of the garden is obvious. there are some new ideas in mountainenclosure and yuguan xiongshi, but there are many buildings in the east, and theenclosure of curved corridor in the middle is not organic enough, especially thewater management is poor. from the perspective of rockfill, architecture, plantsand pattern, it still has the characteristics of northern garden.

prince gongs residence is located on the north bank of shichahai. it isthe largest courtyard in the world and the most complete one among more than 60qing dynasty palaces in beijing today. it is divided into parallel east, middleand west roads. the three buildings on the middle road are the main body of themansion, one is the main hall, the other is the back hall, and the third is theextension building. yanlou is 160 meters long from east to west and has morethan 40 houses. east road and west road each have three courtyards, which echothe middle road. the last part of the palace is the garden, and more than 20scenic spots are different.

prince gongs residence is the residence of prince gong zhong, the sixthson of emperor daoguang of qing dynasty. it was formerly the residence ofqianlongs bachelor and arsenic. in the fourth year of jiaqing (1799), he wasconvicted, and his residence became an official. emperor jiaqing gave part of itto his younger brother, prince qingfu yongp, as the palace of prince , xianfeng city took back king qings residence and gave it to his youngerbrother yiyi as prince gongs residence. during the reign of xianfeng andtongzhi, it was renovated and a garden was built behind the mansion.

because prince gongs mansion has some scenery described in a dream of redmansions, it is said that the garden of prince gongs mansion is the blueprintof grand view garden. however, many people put forward different opinions.

yi chu, the owner of the palace, is a first-class aristocrat. therefore,his mansion is not only spacious, but also has the highest standard ofarchitecture, which shows its insurmountable level. the obvious signs are thefacade and the number of houses. there are five front rooms, seven main rooms,five back rooms, seven back rooms, and a side room. there must be no more royalmansions than these. the form of the house and the color of the tiles cannot bereplaced.

the former owner of prince gongs mansion was prime minister hekun. theqingyi hall he built imitated the emperors ningshou palace. when the emperor"bestowed a gift and ordered him to commit suicide", this was one of thecrimes.

the building of prince gongs mansion can be divided into two parts: themansion and the garden. covering an area of 46.5 mu, the mansion is divided intothree roads, east and west, each of which is composed of multi entrancequadrangles, surrounded by a two-story back cover building with a length of morethan 160 meters. at the back of the building is a garden, covering an area of38.6 mu. the buildings in the garden also form three roads, i.e. the east-westroad, the east-west road, the east-west road, the east-west road, the east-westroad, the east-west road, the east-west road, the east-west road, the west-westroad, the west-west road, the west.

in the front of the middle road are the gate with 3 rooms in width and thetwo gates with 5 rooms in width. in the gate, the original main hall, yinanhall, has been destroyed, and the existing rear hall, namely jiale hall; theeast road is composed of three entrance courtyard, which is the living room ofprince gong yizhe; the main room of the west road is xijinzhai, which has agrand courtyard and a grand style. after the third road courtyard, there aremore than 40 two-story back buildings with a length of 160 meters from east towest, namely zhanwu building in the east and baoyue building in the west. thegarden behind the building is pingjin garden, commonly known as gongwangfugarden, covering an area of 28000 square meters. the buildings in the park aredivided into three roads: the middle east, the middle east and the west, andthere are also some axes. there are scattered rockeries, pavilions andpavilions, and flowers and trees in the pool. the main buildings are scorpionhall, inviting platform, grand stage, qinqiu pavilion, etc.

各位旅客朋友们：

当您走进这座有着近千年历史的皇家园林，当您仰望美丽的白塔感受着人间仙境般的秀美，急于要走进园中去享受北海山水的时候，我建议您驻足留步，用您几分钟的时间，听我介绍一下北海公园的总体概况，为您的参观游览做一个导游。

北海公园是我国历史最悠久、保存最完整的皇家园林之一。这座拥有近千年历史的园林开发始于辽会同元年(公元938年)，金大定六年至十九年(公元1166—1179年)世宗完颜雍(yōng)又在辽初创的基础上建成一座规模宏大的皇家离宫—太宁宫。太宁宫沿袭中国皇家园林“一池三山”的规制，即北海和中海是太液池，琼华岛如”蓬莱”，团城为”瀛(yíng)洲”，中海犀(xī)山台似”方丈”。并将北宋汴京艮(gèn)岳御园中的太湖石移置于琼华岛上。至元四年(公元1267年)，元世祖忽必烈营建大都，将琼华岛及其所在的湖泊被划入皇城，赐名万寿山、太液池。永乐十八年(公元1420年)明朝正式迁都北京，万寿山、太液池成为紫禁城西面的御苑，称西苑。清朝承袭明代的西苑，乾隆七年至四十四年(公元1742—1779年)对北海进行大规模的改建，奠定了此后的规模和格局。

辛亥革命后，1925年北海辟为公园对外开放。新中国成立后，党和政府对北海公园的保护极为重视，拨巨资予以修葺，1961年被国务院公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位。

北海是中国历史园林的艺术杰作。全园占地面积69万平方米(其中水面面积39万平方米)，主要由琼华岛、东岸、北岸景区组成。

走过由汉白玉雕琢的永安桥、穿过堆云牌楼，您就来到了琼华岛。琼华岛上树木苍郁，殿宇栉(zhì)比，亭台楼阁，错落有致，白塔耸立山巅，成为公园的标志。走进永安寺的山门，拾阶而上您可以登上白塔。关于永安寺的壮丽景观我将在您到达时详细介绍。您走下白塔沿岛步行，你可以欣赏到又一些美景。西侧，那里有著名的“阅古楼”内存有三希堂法帖，它是享誉世界上最著名的书法作品集成。西北面被一组沿湖长廊所环抱，北面山坡上，可见到相传为秦汉时期的文物“铜仙承露盘”;东侧山脚下是琼岛春阴碑，它是老北京著名的燕京八景之一。“半月城”亦称般若香台，在东坡依山而建;下面是“般若香台牌楼”，过“陟山桥”折而向北就来到东岸景区。

沿湖建有北京目前历史最悠久的船坞;环湖的垂柳掩映着东岸的著名景点——濠濮间、画舫斋。濠濮间是一处马蹄形小山围成的水潭，在这座人工建造的皇家园林中现出它独特的野趣。由濠濮间向北就是画舫斋，著名的古树——唐槐就在其中，画舫斋以其宁静、幽雅的园林意境名扬中外。出画舫斋西门就可看到清代“先蚕坛”的大门。从先蚕坛北过桥向西而行就到达北岸景区。

北岸景区从东到西布满景点：东侧有静心斋——人称“乾隆小花园”、大西天景点有西天禅林喇嘛庙建筑群，“华藏界”牌楼、“天王殿”、金丝楠木建成的“大慈真如宝殿”、九龙壁等建筑;九龙壁西南是“快雪堂”“铁影壁”，再往西您就看到了北海五龙亭、阐(chǎn)福寺、小西天等众多著名景点。

从小西天极乐世界殿出来向南，可以从北海公园西门出园，也可乘游艇回到琼华岛由南门出园。北海园林博采众长，有北方园林的宏阔气势和江南私家园林婉约多姿的风韵，并蓄帝王宫苑的富丽堂皇及宗教寺院的庄严肃穆，气象万千而又浑然一体，是中国园林艺术的瑰宝。您每到一个景点游览，我都将伴随您，为您做更详尽的讲解。

“琼华岛”是北海的中心景区，四周碧水环绕，树木苍郁，殿宇栉比，亭台楼阁，错落有致，白塔耸立山巅，成为公园的标志。南面有永安桥连接团城。穿过堆云牌楼就是永安寺;永安寺始建于顺治八(1651)，初称白塔寺。乾隆六年(1741)改称永安寺并进行了大规模的扩建。

这里是永安寺的山门。根据佛教理论，寺院的第一座殿堂称天王殿。殿内供奉的是东，南，西，北四大天王。我们一起来看一下。怀抱琵琶的是东方持国天王，他可以增长人的善根;手拿宝剑的是南方增长天王，他可以保护佛法不受侵犯;手持宝伞的这位是北方的多闻天王，他可以保护人们的财富;这一位是西方的广目天王，他可以以其净眼观察世界。由于这四位天王手中所持法器不同，中国百姓习惯上称他们为“风，调，雨，顺”。预示着国家的五谷丰登，永安太平。

穿过山门，我们可以看到东面建有钟楼，西面建有鼓楼。过去，每当皇帝来此拜佛，钟鼓齐鸣，香烟缭绕，气象庄严。在钟楼上有一口大钟叫永安钟，如果您有兴趣可以亲自去敲响它。据说这是一口祈求天下太平的宝钟，敲钟三下，一定会给您带来一年的好运。

这个院落的正殿叫殿，是永安寺中最重要的一座大殿。它面阔五间，大殿的屋顶非常好看，为单檐庑(wǔ)顶，屋脊中间是一个琉璃小塔，旁边是二龙戏珠的浮雕。造型精美。龙是中国的象征，据说龙能潜入海底，飞上高空。没有人亲眼见过龙，但是龙的形象被世代相传。

进入大殿，释迦牟尼端坐正中。他是古印度人，出生于公元前565年，是佛教的创始人，在他的两侧是八大菩萨和十八罗汉。这个殿的设计思想很特殊，是根据乾隆皇帝的意愿安排的。释迦牟尼象征着皇帝本人，其他佛像则代表文武百官。

走出殿，迎面我们可以看到许多台阶。永安寺里一共有三组台阶，它们分别是36，54，72。都是9的倍数。为什么呢?因为永安寺是一组皇家寺院。

登上36级台阶是龙光紫照牌坊，牌坊代表着皇权至上。龙光紫照牌坊建于1751年，设计精美，为四柱三楼式建筑，绿琉璃瓦覆顶。正面额曰“龙光”背面为“紫照”，为木质阳文，是牌坊中等级较高的，也是中国古建筑的典范。

在牌坊两侧东面是引胜亭，西面是涤蔼亭，每个亭内各立有石碑一块，分别刻有“白塔山总记”和“塔山四面记”，碑文分别采用汉，满，蒙，藏四种文字雕刻，记载了北海名胜及北海历史，皆为乾隆御笔。乾隆是清朝一个颇具文采的皇帝，在他统治期间，进行了长达30年之久的扩建和修葺，兴建了许多新的亭台殿宇，使得北海布局更加协调统一。

在亭子前面，摆放着两块奇特而峻峭的石头，分别树立水波纹石座上，东为昆仑石，西为岳云石，石上刻的字都是乾隆御笔。昆仑，岳云在我国古典园林中分别代表三山五岳，在这里则表示名山大川的美景在琼岛被体现，使琼岛更像是一处人间仙境。

昆仑，岳云石后面还有一组由太湖石堆叠而成的楞伽(lénɡɡā)窟。它建洞两层，内供石雕佛像13尊。洞内绘有精美的壁画。

在石窟的上面有两个小亭子，可以供游客休息和观赏四周景色。

从山洞穿行而过，现在我们来到了正觉殿门前。正觉殿是永安寺的第二重山门。它建于1651年。迎面我门可以看到大肚弥勒佛，在大肚弥勒佛的后面还有一位威武的将军，那就是韦驮。他手中拿着一根金刚杵(chǔ)，用来驱赶妖魔鬼怪。

穿过正觉殿，现在我们来到了永安寺的第二个院落，院落中的正殿称普安殿。

向西是静憩轩，环境优雅，意为得以安静休息之轩。是乾隆皇帝到永安寺拈香时休息读书的地方。穿过静憩轩，我们来到悦心殿，悦心殿即悦目赏心之殿。这组建筑建于清顺治八年(1651年)，乾隆皇帝经常在此处理政务和召见官员。殿内梁枋沥粉贴金，华丽异常，正中设置有九龙宝座和鹿端、象驮宝瓶等吉祥之物。上方有“正大光明”匾额。两侧是皇帝休息和读书的地方。

从这里返回，普安殿内供奉的是密宗黄教的佛像。慈祥端座于正中的这位便是黄教的创始人宗喀巴大师。殿前东，西各有一个大铜轮叫转经桶。它来源于西藏，是寺院所特有的。这种转经桶不论大小都藏满了经书，转动一圈就等于将里面所有的经文都念过一遍。您有兴趣不妨试一下。但请大家一定要注意，转经桶的转动是有方向的，一定要顺时针转动。这里是喇嘛诵经为皇帝祭祀祈祷的地方。

穿过普安殿的后门，我们现在就要登上白塔了。见到白塔就要知道白塔的由来：1644年，明朝覆灭，清军入关，建都于京。1651年，为民族和睦，在广寒殿的废址上建藏式白塔，因此这座白塔也是我们这个多民族国家民族团结的象征。白塔位于琼岛制高点。塔高36米，全部为砖木结构，由塔基、塔身、宝顶三部分组成。白塔四周有汉白玉石栏环绕，塔基为砖石须弥座，座上为三层圆台，中部塔肚为圆形，最大直径14米，上部称为“相轮”，也称“十三天”，顶部为铜铸镏金华盖，上面有地盘、天盘、日、半月、火焰。在塔身正面是一幅由藏文、动物及花草组成的图案，寓意吉祥。此处俗称“眼光门”，也称为“时轮金刚门”。塔身周围设有306个通风孔，以防塔内木料潮湿糟朽。

白塔前面有一座琉璃小殿，称善因殿。它是一座仿木结构的琉璃建筑。为双重檐，上圆下方，两层殿顶象征天地。精巧华丽。殿内供大威德金刚佛像，据说是北京的保护神。这尊佛像为牛头人身，造型威武凶悍，颇有除恶务尽之概。殿周围四壁上还镶有小琉璃佛像455尊。

善因殿是北海制高点，被誉为京城最佳观景点。站在这，京城美景尽收眼底。向南眺望，的秀丽景色尽收眼底，东南面的故宫在阳光的.照射下更显得金碧辉煌。向北眺望，我们还可以欣赏到公园北岸的五龙亭。北岸景区

游客朋友们：你们来到了北海最为精美的园中之园——静心斋。

静心斋最初名镜清斋。始建于乾隆二十一年(1756年)，俗称乾隆小花园。这座花园是著名的园林造景专家样式雷设计建造的，是举世闻名的园林精品。园内壮丽的殿宇、幽静的书斋、嶙峋(línxún)的怪石、开敞的亭子、深邃的古洞和茂盛的古树在这有限的空间内组成了一座美丽的园林。当时还修建了一条从到静心斋的长达1公里的铁路，当年慈禧太后来静心斋游玩时就由太监拉着火车到这里来。这可能是中国第一条铁路。

这里是花园的主要建筑——镜清斋，它得名于四周的水池中象镜子一样的池水。镜清斋正门座北朝南，一明两暗为三大开间，前出廊后出厦，苏州式彩绘，雍容气派。进入大门，院子四周被建筑封闭，隔水相望是镜清斋的正殿。室内设有御座，金玉满堂。乾隆皇帝所题匾额“不为物先”出自《史记·太史公自序》“不为物先，不为物后”。是道家“无为”的主张。是指他不与万物争先后，顺应形势来成就功业。

这里有清朝的代表性家具，它们看上去闪闪发光是因为上面镶嵌了贝壳。在大殿的两侧各有一个大瓶子叫“百子瓶”，在瓶子的四面分别有一副瓷画，上面描绘有100多个男孩玩耍的情景，它代表皇帝大富大贵，多子多孙。

在镜清斋的后面，“沁泉廊”坐落水中。它位于全园的中心，左有曲桥为径、右有“玉带”相通、后有怪石为屏。在沁泉廊下有一个梯形的滚水坝，水从这里流过象泉水一样，故此得名。水中有金鱼游弋，平添了许多乐趣。

在镜清斋的东面有三重院落，院内奇石点景，绿竹成林，松柏苍劲，四季如春。这正面的三间是皇帝的书房——老子曰“见素抱朴，少私寡欲”故取名“抱素书屋”。乾隆皇帝用道教的思想为此书屋命名。他十分喜欢这座按照自己意志建造的园林，经常来此游玩并让皇太子在此读书，现在这里陈设着书案及文房四宝。这里到处是清澈湖面，乾隆皇帝曾以“临池构屋如临镜”的诗句，寓意“以镜子般的池水映照自己的心灵和品格。”他的诗句不仅仅是自我警示，也像后人说明他是一位克己严格、廉洁清明的君王。这是乾隆为“镜清斋”取名的寓意所在。

东屋两间名为“韵琴斋”，因为在当时这里有一个小小的瀑布，水流过的声音如抚琴一般，故此得名。坐在韵琴斋内打开南侧山墙的小窗，您可以看到太液池和白塔美丽的景色。这立体的画面被框在小窗之中，给人以“碧(壁)出仙(鲜)境”的感觉，在窗外设“碧鲜亭”。

沿抱素书屋后廊东行，即为焙茶坞，焙茶是指茶农将新鲜茶叶进行烘烤、焙干的过程，这是中国南方特有的风景，这座建筑是根据乾隆皇帝到江南游览所见的情景而建成的。这里是皇帝品茶的地方。

此园处处是精美的画面。这水面上的两座精美小桥，也属别具一格的佳作。一座是东面这座是汉白玉的小玉带桥，两侧还各有一个麒麟，小石桥精雕细刻，玲珑奇特;一座是西面的木栏曲桥，这两个小桥不仅连接了南北交通，还起到了分割水面的作用。在山石顶端的八角小亭是枕峦亭，它象一朵莲花盛开。这一山、一水、一池、一屋都恰到好处地点缀和美化了静心斋的整体环境，这座小园子曾经在1984年英国利物浦国际园林节上获奖。

桥的东侧池边山石层层叠叠，如云如画将罨画轩托起，罨(yǎn)画轩内的匾额题为“标青”。意思是从罨画轩内平视前方，树梢呈现一片绿色，给人以春意盎然之感。这里有一个对联“一室之中观四海，千秋以上验平生”其含义是皇帝坐在罨画轩里，心中却装着整个国家;眺望浩淼的水面和远处的白塔，面对自己得做为，浮想联翩。意在赞颂皇帝的丰功伟绩是“青史明标”，将万古流芳。

当您走在廊上时会有步移景换的感觉，沿假山上的半壁廊，即可到达叠翠楼。它是全园最高的建筑。是慈禧太后在1885年挪用海军军费修建的。匾额也是慈禧所提，从楼上可以观看四周景色和市井民风。从叠翠楼东侧沿廊而下可进入迷离的山洞。请看这座宏伟的假山，它是静心斋的主要景观，一些山石连接在一起，一些山石排列成曲折的样子，形成了了一个整体。当冬天大雪降下，这些山石就象是片片白云一般。

静心斋浓缩了中国古典园林之精华，在不足一顷之地，建造了辉煌的殿堂、静雅的小室、精巧的叠石、开阔的亭子、小桥、泉瀑、山洞、树木，所有这些都和谐统一，呈现出四季景色。静心斋是一座美丽的园林。同太液池相比，您是否觉得这座小园林更幽静和安详。

各位游客：

大家好，欢迎大家来到位于北京的八达岭长城。

春秋战国时期，为了抵御外来入侵，各诸侯国纷纷修筑了自己国家的烽火台。到秦始皇需要统一中国后，动用了大量的劳力和物力，连接起各国烽火台，形成了气势磅礴的长城。这样气魄雄伟的工程，真不KUI是世界第八大奇迹啊！那时没有火车、汽车，没有起重机，靠着无数的肩膀无数的手，一步一步地把重达几千斤的条石抬上这陡峭的山岭。其中，十分之六的修筑者在赶赴修长城的路途中累倒在地而死去，剩下的人们有些因为没按时到达而被斩首，还有些幸存了下来。因此，这样气魄雄伟的工程凝结了多少劳动人民的血汗和智慧啊！这其中还流传着一个凄美的传说：孟姜女哭长城。传说孟姜女的未婚夫也被抓去修长城，几年下来没有一点音信，孟姜长途跋涉来到长城打听她丈夫的消息。结果被告知她的未婚夫早就累死了。这睛天霹雳让她痛不欲生，她守在丈夫的'尸体旁痛哭了三天三夜，突然，长城“哗”的一声从中间断开了。人们便说，是孟姜女哭倒了长城。因此，我们所站立，所抚摸到的每一块砖石都浸透着劳动人民的血和泪。1987年，这被纳入《世界文化遗产名录》。

中国有句俗话：不到长城非好汉！现在，请各位好汉们攀登长城、饱览长城的秀美风光吧。

明十三陵位于北京昌平区天寿山，因明代迁都北京后有十三位皇帝埋葬于此，故称十三陵。明十三陵自永乐年间建长陵至今已有近600年的历史，它用一条总神道、一座石牌坊、一组石像生，把整个陵区联系在了一起，形成了一个整体，是世界上保存完整、埋葬皇帝较多的帝王陵墓群。

明永乐年间，明成祖朱棣的皇后徐氏去世，朱棣命礼部尚书和一名江西术士前往北京一代卜选陵址。大概两年后，选中了今昌平区康家庄楼子营一带。这一带青山环抱，绿水长流。北面的“龙脉”奔腾而来，气势磅礴。至此三峰并峙，山前一马平川，蟒山绕其左，虎峪踞其右。外围重峦叠嶂，如“万骑簇拥，千官侍从”。正是风水理论中的“山川大聚”之势，真正只有帝王才配享用的宝地。朱棣亲临阅视后十分满意，封其山为“万寿山”，选择吉日，动工兴建。永乐十一年玄宫建成后，从南京迎皇后徐氏的棺椁北上，择吉入藏，并将陵寝命名为“长陵”。此后长陵的附属建筑仍在逐步营建，直至宣德二年，长陵工程在大体完工，历时18年，加之陆续建成的神道等设施，到长陵最终建成，共历时130余年。

朱棣在北京建造皇陵主要有两个原因，首先是政治原因。朱棣发动“靖难之役”，推翻了侄子建文帝朱允炆的政权，朱允炆在宫内大火中不知所终。朱棣登基后一直心有不安，除了派人寻找朱允炆的下落外，又制造的“壬午殉难”，大杀朱允炆朝臣，但人心终究不服。北京是朱棣经营多年的根据地，所以自他登基之初便计划迁都北京。皇陵随之建在北京，也是顺理成章的事。

其次是战略原因。明朝初年，元朝的残余势力逃到漠北，成为明朝北方的长期威胁。而南京鞭长莫及，难以控制北方的局势。所以朱棣迁都北京的同时在北京卜选陵址是极具战略意义的，而这一举措也确实对明朝疆域的巩固起到了重要的作用。明正统年间，发生了“土木之变”，英宗被俘。这是就有人建议迁都南京，反对者就说“怎么能弃祖坟于不顾，丢给敌人呢?”这一道理保住了大明江山。

清朝时对明陵进行了管理、修葺，并找到了明皇室的直系后裔朱之琏，封他及其后代为一等延恩侯，世代负责明陵的祭祀及管理。

从第一代朱之琏开始，朱氏侯爵的身份延续了11代。民国年间最后一代延恩侯朱煜勋被民国政府委以明陵保管员之职，但他不但白拿钱不干活，还有监守自盗的嫌疑。民国政府下令撤销其职位，将明十三陵交由昌平县管理。从此明陵香火断绝，延恩侯退出历史舞台。

现在的明十三陵面积约80平方千米，陵内葬有13位皇帝，23位皇后，1位皇贵妃及殉葬宫人数十人。另外还有7座妃坟园寝和一座太监墓(王承恩)。现在明十三陵已成为闻名中外的旅游胜地，并于2003年列入《世界遗产名录》

长陵神道总长约7.3米，走向随地形变化而回转起伏。在这条神道上，自南向北依次建有石牌坊、大红门、长陵神功圣德碑、石像生、棂星门。

石牌坊位于神道最南端，建于明嘉靖年间，是我国现存建筑等级最高的大型仿木结构石牌坊。此牌坊用青白石料组装雕琢而成，其结构为“五间、六柱、十一楼”。石牌坊是十三陵的标志性建筑，其位置的选择十分重要。南北方向上，牌坊中门正对着天寿山主峰，东西方向上与龙山、虎山相应。陵区南侧，龙、虎山相距稍远，欲连未连，石牌坊建在这里，正可弥补空间上的不足，使其地势贯通。

大红门是陵区的正门，位于龙、虎山之间，距石牌坊1.25千米。其规制为单檐庑殿顶，红墙黄瓦，开券门3洞。明朝时门两侧建有红墙，红墙上设有左右随墙门以便日常出入。门前左右立下马碑两方，正反面刻有“官员人等至此下马”8字。大红门正门为帝后棺椁及神御物品的通道，左门为皇帝谒陵时行走，右门为大臣们谒陵时行走。

穿过大红门继续向前走就来到了长陵神功圣德碑碑亭。碑亭为重檐歇山顶，四面辟门，正方形，碑亭四角各立有一座汉白玉华表。碑亭内便是神功圣德碑。

长陵神功圣德碑上为盘龙碑首，下为龟趺驮碑，碑首上刻“大明长陵神功圣德碑”9字。“神功圣德”指的是对帝王历史地位的评价。石碑的正面是明仁宗朱高炽为其父撰写的3000余字的碑文，其余三面原来没有文字，清乾隆时期在碑的背面刻了御制诗《哀明陵三十韵》，后又在碑的左侧刻御制诗一首。清嘉庆时期在碑的右侧刻了御制文一片，讲的是明朝亡国的教训得失。

穿过碑亭，走在神道上，可看到两侧的石像生。陵墓前设置石像生始于秦汉，是用来象征死者生前的仪仗用的。明十三陵的石像生沿用了明孝陵的规制，但增加了4尊功臣像。长陵石像生以一对望柱开始，望柱呈六边形，底为须弥座，柱雕云纹，顶为云龙纹柱帽。石望柱之后800米的神道上排列着石兽12对、石人6对，石兽每种两对，两立两卧。这些石像生分别是：

狮子：象征威武 獬豸：象征公平正义 骆驼：象征运输和坚忍不拔的精神 大象：象征力量和祥瑞 麒麟：象征太平和祥瑞 马：象征皇帝的御用仪仗 将军：象征帝王朝会中的将军 品官：象征帝王朝会中的各级官员 功臣：象征帝王朝会中的功臣。

走过神道，迎面可见的是棂星门。此处棂星门为三开间，门上中间各饰火焰宝珠，故又称火焰牌坊，也叫龙凤门。棂星门象征着天宫之门，宫殿、坛庙、陵寝中的棂星门均有尊天子宫寝之门为天门的意思。

相信有些朋友在家也吃过所谓的北京烤鸭，我出差去外地时也吃过几回，但一尝，都是按照当地口味改良过的，。像广东的名菜“过年金猪”，烤得皮又硬又厚又脆，片下来的时候也只有皮没有肉，那怎样是北京烤鸭呢，应该叫广东烤鸭才对!所以今天大家既然来到了北京，还是应该尝一尝最正宗的北京烤烟是什么味吧!

要说北京呀，经营烤鸭的店很多，但是最正宗的是哪一家?就是大名鼎鼎的全聚德!烤鸭的历史可悠久了，最早在南北朝的《食珍录》中就已记载“炙鸭”。后来朱元璋在南京建都后，皇宫的御厨把南京著名的湖南鸭用碳火烘烤，大受皇帝的赞扬。到了名成祖朱棣迁都北京，烤鸭技术也带到北京，故宫《五台照常膳底挡》中记载：13天中，乾隆皇帝吃烤鸭8次。不过那时的烤鸭还是采用闷炉烤鸭，嫩是嫩了，但不香脆，后来是全聚德的创始人改良了烤法，才成为今天名传海外的北京烤鸭的。

要说这全聚德的鸭子好吃，那是从选料、宰杀、烧烤、上桌都有自己一套独特的究竟。先说这选料吧，首先就要选著名“北京填鸭”它羽毛洁白光泽、翅短背长、腿粗体壮。最早是饲养在海淀区玉泉山的温泉里，因此鸭羽毛洁白，外貌格外漂亮，而且玉泉山的温泉入冬不冻，泉区一年四季有水草，鸭子在这里喝的是矿泉水，吃的是矿泉鱼虾和水草，品质格外的好。

在明朝是，由于有北京鸭的鸭油制作点心别具风味，其他油脂难以比拟，因此，当时人门样鸭的目的多为提取鸭油制作糕点。当时为了得到更多的鸭油采用了一种独特的填喂法，就是35天前的雏鸭可自由取食，而最后15-20天，就开始采用一种人工的喂食器，把鸭子一只只地抓过来喂食器填喂，每6小时进行一次填喂，每昼夜填四次，这样鸭子长得才快，油量多，因为非常费事，所以价值极高。后来自从发现这样养出来的鸭子不但油多，而且肉特别嫩之后，这个办法更是流传海外。

全聚德的烤鸭一定要选用饲养期40天、重5斤半的。饲养时间短肉不够厚、时间长又会过老，影响口感。宰杀后的鸭子退毛也很讲究，比如鸭脯部位的皮肤特薄，择毛时要用钳头一根根拔，决不能把鸭皮弄破，不然在进行全聚德独特的冲气流程时就会漏气而不能用来烤制了。

说道这打气的程序可真是十分有趣，用拇指沿食管向嗉囊推进，使食管与周围的结缔组织分离。然后把气泵的气嘴由刀口插入颈腔，慢慢将空气充入鸭皮下脂肪与肌肉组织之间，当气充到八成满时，关上气门，取下气嘴，紧紧卡住鸭颈根部防止跑气。打气时不能过足，以免造成破口跑气，如果充气太少又会使外形皱瘪不丰满，所以是很讲究的。

在充好气才开始开膛，厨师要一直在过程中保持气不漏掉，而且开膛也不是像平常所谓的开膛破肚，而是从鸭右腋开一个只有1寸的小口，用非常奇异而独特的工具和方法取出内脏。脏全部掏净后，用高粱秆一节，一头削成三角形，一头削成叉形，做成“鸭撑”。然后从那个小口伸入鸭膛撑住，这样就能使鸭脯隆起，烤制时不会扁缩。

烤制的木材也是十分讲究的，一定要选用果木，以梨木和枣木最佳，也有用苹果木和柿子木的，果木燃烧时游离出的芳香物质可使鸭子有一种特殊的异香。刚刚出炉的鸭子色呈枣红，油润发亮，皮脆肉嫩，，外焦里嫩，香气扑鼻。

现在传统的吃法就是拿起一块荷叶饼，用筷子夹上三至四片片好的烤鸭，蘸上甜面酱，放在荷叶饼上，再放上几跟葱条，将荷叶饼卷成一卷，送进嘴离一咬，酥、香、脆、鲜一齐涌上，回味不尽。

大家好，欢迎来到__旅行社，参加这次的颐和园之旅。我是你们的小向导，我姓高大家能够叫我高向导。

我问：“你们明白有关颐和园的知识吗”大家一致回答：“不明白。”那我来告诉你吧!颐和园是皇家园林博物馆。还是清代皇上和他的妃子的大行宫，是妃子游玩赏花之地。

此刻我们此刻我们快要进入颐和园的大门了，大家是不是很兴奋呢!必须是的。进入颐和园的大门，绕过大殿就进入了有名的长廊。大家站在长廊是不是感觉一眼望不到头呢!必须是的。我们颐和园的两旁栽有数不清的花木。这一朵花还没谢，那一朵花又开了。这条长廊有七百多米长，总共分成273间。每一间的横监上都有一幅五彩的画，画中画的人物活灵活现的，好想立刻就能从画里蹦出来似的。请跟进我们的队伍，不要走丢了。

走完长廊就来到了万寿山的脚下，这就是万寿山了，我们要上万寿山了，请大家看好自我的小孩(儿)不要乱跑。上了万寿山走进佛香阁，就能够看见颐和园大半景色收在眼底。真美啊!最终的时间请大家自由参观，两个小时，参观后请到指定地点集合，不要忘了时间了。

集合了，人全部都到了。我们向昆明湖出发，到了昆明湖，我已经买好船票。大家能够坐上游船细细游赏昆明湖。游玩了昆明湖应当到小岛上玩了。下了船我号召大家一齐去小岛上玩。这座桥有十七个洞，有上百根石柱，上头还雕刻着姿态不一的小石狮可爱极了。下头是自由玩耍的时间。两小时后请在大门集合。

今日的旅途结束了，期望大家以之后颐和园。

大家好，我是宋玉琳，是你们的导游，大家可以叫我宋导。今天，我带领大家来参观北京的颐和园。

北京的颐和园是一个美丽的大公园。中国现存规模最大、保存最完整的皇家园林，中国四大名园（另三座为承德避暑山庄、苏州拙政园、苏州留园）之一。位于北京市海淀区，距北京城区十五公里，占地约二百九十公顷。利用昆明湖、万寿山为基址，以杭州西湖风景为蓝本，汲取江南园林的某些设计手法和意境而建成的一座大型天然山水园，也是保存得最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为皇家园林博物馆。

我们先到有名的长廊，长廊位于万寿山南麓，面向昆明湖，北依万寿山，东起邀月门，西止石丈亭，全长728米，共273间，是中国园林中最长的游廊，1992年被认定为世界上最长的长廊，列入“吉尼斯世界纪录”。廊上的每根枋梁上都有彩绘，共有图画14000余幅，内容包括山水风景、花鸟鱼虫、人物典故等。画中的人物画均取材于中国古典名著。然后我们再登上万寿山，万寿山原名金山、瓮山，海拔109米，南依昆明湖，以佛香阁为中心，形成了一组气势雄伟、巍峨壮观的建筑群。东侧有“转轮藏”和“万寿山和昆明湖”的石碑，西侧有五方阁和宝云阁。登临山顶，可俯看昆明湖景色。从万寿山下来，就是昆明湖，是颐和园的主要湖泊，占全园面积的四分之三，约220公顷。南部的前湖区碧波荡漾，烟波淼淼，西望起伏、北望楼阁成群；湖中有一道西堤，堤上桃柳成行；十七孔桥横卧湖上，湖中3岛上也有形式各异的古典建筑。

颐和园到处有美丽的景色，说也是说不尽，希望大家再次来参观！

大家好！我是星星导游社的导游王景瑶，也可以叫我小王。我们今天游览地方是故宫，希望可以和大家度过美好的一天。

故宫又称紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫，堪称当今世界上无与伦比的建筑杰作。很多人慕名来到故宫，就是为了欣赏中国古代建筑的辉煌与帝王的奢华。

故宫始建于1406年，1420年竣工。这片堪称世界最宏伟的宫殿建筑群，南北长961米，东西宽753米，建筑面积有15.5万平方米，内有大小院落九十多座，房屋980间。都是用上等木材、琉璃瓦顶、青白的石座与各种金碧辉煌的彩画交相辉映，尽显出故宫的富贵荣华。故宫很大，它的庞大往往超出了人们的想象范畴。东华门，午门、西华门、神武门分守故宫东南西北4个方向。故宫内部可分为“外朝“与“内廷“两部分。外朝以太宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫为中心，是皇帝与后妃的住所。后人不远千里迢迢来到这座红色城池前瞻仰、游览、触摸、感怀……

好了，今天我的导游就到这里结束了，下面请大家自己观赏这美丽的风景吧！但是大家一定要记住，请大家不要乱扔果皮，谢谢配合。445分钟后，请大家来这里集合，愿你们开心快乐。

据野史上讲，记得弘历年少时(后来的乾隆皇帝)有一次在宫中玩耍，看到年贵妃在梳头，而这个年贵妃是清朝大将军年羹尧的妹妹，是清朝十大美女之一，叫年秋月。弘历被她的美貌打动偷偷过去从后面蒙住了她的眼睛，年贵妃吓了一跳也不知后面是谁，拿起簪子向后一划，恰好划破了弘历的额头。后来此事让皇后得知，因为此事传出去对弘历的名声不好(她是雍正爷的贵妃，弘历应叫她额娘。)下旨年贵妃上吊自尽。弘历当时痛哭一场，因为他的一个轻浮举动使年贵妃丧生。暗暗发誓等我当了皇帝再得相见，不修今世修来世。于是沾着朱砂在年贵妃的耳后印了一个红红的指印。多年以后弘历当了皇帝就是乾隆爷。当他第一次看到和珅时，和珅还是个粘杆卫(走在轿子边上的小官)。乾隆大吃一惊觉得和珅长得酷似多年前死去的年贵妃。于是走下宝座问他家中有没有姐妹，和珅说只有兄弟二人，和珅、和璘。当皇上失望之时，突然看到和珅的耳后有一个红痣，与年贵妃不但面貌相似，而且痣的大小位臵也一样。所以皇上认为和珅就是年贵妃的投胎转世。于是皇上把和珅收在身边倍加宠爱，和珅也凭借自己的聪明才智讨乾隆喜欢。于是和珅就像坐直升机一样，职务和地位直线上升，三年内乾隆皇帝多次传旨升和珅的官职，几乎把大清各种高官做遍，风光享尽，仅担任军机大臣一职就长达23年，权势赫赫，人称二皇帝。

很多朋友都是慕名来到恭王府的，影视作品对和珅的炒作也是沸沸扬扬，但是和珅的真实形象和影视作品形象有很大的差距，和珅是一个地地道道的美男子，玉树临风，脸庞白皙，行动敏捷，举止端庄，言语诙谐。

Beijing is the capital of the people's Republic of China, a municipality

directly under the central government, a national central city of China, and a

center for political, cultural, educational and international exchanges. It is

also the decision-making center and management center of China's economy and

finance. Beijing is located in the north end of the North China Plain, connected

with Tianjin in the southeast, and the rest is surrounded by Hebei Province.

With a history of more than 3000 years and a history of more than 850 years,

Beijing is one of the "four ancient capitals of China" and has a certain

international influence. Its earliest name in literature is "Ji". Beijing is a

city with the largest number of world cultural heritages in the world. Beijing

is also one of the areas with the most rainfall in North China. Peking

University and Tsinghua University are also located in Beijing.

Beijing has the largest number of world heritage sites (6) in the world,

and is the first capital city with world geoparks in the world. Beijing is rich

in tourism resources. There are more than 200 tourist attractions open to the

outside world, including the world's largest imperial palace, Forbidden City,

Temple of heaven, Royal Garden Beihai, Royal Garden Summer Palace and

Yuanmingyuan, as well as Badaling Great Wall, Mutianyu great wall and the

world's largest Siheyuan palace, Prince Gong's mansion. The city has 7309

cultural relics and historic sites, 99 National key cultural relics protection

units (including the Beijing section of the great wall and the Beijing Hangzhou

Grand Canal), 326 municipal cultural relics protection units, 5 national

geoparks and 15 national forest parks. World Cultural Heritage: the Forbidden

City, the Great Wall, Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site, the temple of heaven, the

summer palace and the Ming Tombs. World Geopark: Fangshan World Geopark,

Beijing. National Scenic Spots: Badaling, Ming Tombs and Shihua Cave. Famous

streets of Chinese history and culture: Guozijian street and yandaixie street. A

famous historical and cultural town in China: Gubeikou Town, Miyun County. A

famous historical and cultural village in China. Mentougou District: Cuandixia

village of Zhaitang town, Lingshui village of Zhaitang town, Liuliqu village of

Longquan town.

In the Western Zhou Dynasty, it became the capital of Yan, one of the

vassal states of the Zhou Dynasty. Since the Jin Dynasty, it has become the

capital of ancient China. Since the Yuan Dynasty, it has become the capital of

China. The Ming Dynasty began to expand Beijing on a large scale after becoming

its ancestor. During the Ming Dynasty, Beijing became the capital of the first

Han Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty carried out some renovation and expansion on the

basis of the continuation of the Ming Dynasty Beijing city. At the end of the

Qing Dynasty, Beijing became the largest city in the world. Beijing has a

history of 3000 years and 859 years. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, Beijing

has been an important military and commercial city in northern China. In 1860,

the Allied forces of Britain and France invaded Beijing; in 1900, the Allied

forces of the eight countries invaded Beijing again. The beautiful city of

Beijing was seriously damaged and looted, and a large number of cultural relics

were looted by the invading forces and the bad people. After the 1911

Revolution, on January 1, the first year of the Republic of China, the capital

of the Republic of China was Nanjing. In March of the same year, the capital of

the Republic of China was moved to Beijing. Until the 17th year of the Republic

of China, the Northern Expedition army captured Beijing, Zhang zuolin was

defeated and returned to the northeast, and the Beiyang government stepped down.

At the beginning of the Republic of China, the local system of Beijing was still

in accordance with the Qing system, which was called shuntianfu.

Until the third year of the Republic of China, shuntianfu was changed to

Jingzhao, which was directly under the central government and Beiyang

government. During this period, Beijing built a new tram system and a number of

modern cultural and educational institutions, such as Tsinghua University,

Yanjing University, Peking University, Fu Ren University, Union Medical College,

etc. After the July 7th incident in 1937, Peiping was occupied by Japan. The

provisional government of the puppet Republic of China was established here, and

Beiping was renamed Beijing. On August 21, 1945, the Japanese army that invaded

Beijing surrendered and renamed it Peking. On January 31, 1949, the Chinese

people's Liberation Army entered Beiping City, realizing the liberation of

Beijing. On September 27 of the same year, the first plenary session of the

Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference adopted the resolution on the

capital, calendar, national anthem and national flag of the people's Republic of

China, and Beiping was renamed Beijing. On October 1, 1949, the Central People's

Government of the people's Republic of China was established in Beijing.

Beijing city not only gathers the world's five famous religions (Taoism,

Buddhism, Islam, Christianity and Catholicism), but also has its own

characteristics in architecture and culture. For example, in just a few

kilometers on Chaofu Road, there are four religious buildings (Dongyue Temple,

Dongsi mosque, longfu temple, Guangji temple, emperors' temple and Baita temple

outside Chaoyang Gate). In Xuannan area of Beijing, the surrounding area with

the memorial column of Beijing Jiancheng as the center, there are many famous

activity places of the five religions. They are: Tianning Temple, Fayuan temple

and Changchun Temple of Buddhism; baiyun temple of Taoism; Zhushikou Church of

Christianity; Xuanwumen Church of Catholicism (South Hall); Niujie worship

Temple of Islam; This kind of "religious and cultural area" is rare in the

world's big cities, which embodies the Oriental "harmony" cultural atmosphere,

the unique charm of Beijing's urban culture, and the great cohesion of the

Chinese nation.

Beijing is an ancient capital for thousands of years. In history, because

it has been at the intersection of the Central Plains and the northern

nationalities for a long time, it has integrated the cultures, customs and

languages of many nationalities. Over time, Beijing customs with local

characteristics have emerged. For example, the Beijing temple fair, which

integrates eating, drinking and playing.

The traditional festivals in Beijing are various in form and rich in

content, which is an integral part of the long history and culture of the

Chinese nation. From these popular festival customs, we can clearly see the

wonderful picture of ancient people's social life. Special festivals include

Longqingxia Ice Lantern Festival, Xiangshan red leaf Festival, Baiyunguan temple

fair, Dongyue Temple Fair, etc.

北京，中华人民共和国首都、中央直辖市、中国国家中心城市，中国政治、文化、教育和国际交流中心，同时是中国经济金融的决策中心和管理中心。北京位于华北平原北端，东南与天津相连，其余为河北省所环绕。北京有着3000余年的建城史和850余年的建都史，是“中国四大古都”之一，具有一定的国际影响力，其最早见于文献的名称为“蓟”。北京荟萃了自元明清以来的中华文化，拥有众多名胜古迹和人文景观，是全球拥有世界文化遗产最多的城市。北京也为华北地区降雨最多的地区之一。历史悠久的国际高等大学北京大学、清华大学也坐落于北京。

北京是全球拥有世界遗产(6处)最多的城市，是全球首个拥有世界地质公园的首都城市。北京旅游资源丰富，对外开放的旅游景点达200多处，有世界上最大的皇宫紫禁城、祭天神庙天坛、皇家花园北海、皇家园林颐和园和圆明园，还有八达岭长城、慕田峪长城以及世界上最大的四合院恭王府等名胜古迹。全市共有文物古迹7309项，99处全国重点文物保护单位(含长城和京杭大运河的北京段)、326处市级文物保护单位、5处国家地质公园、15处国家森林公园。世界文化遗产：故宫、长城、周口店北京人遗址、天坛、颐和园、明十三陵。世界地质公园：北京房山世界地质公园。国家级风景名胜区：八达岭?十三陵、石花洞。中国历史文化名街：国子监街、烟袋斜街。中国历史文化名镇：密云县古北口镇。中国历史文化名村。门头沟区：斋堂镇爨底下村、斋堂镇灵水村、龙泉镇琉璃渠村。

西周时成为周朝的诸侯国之一的燕国的都城。自金朝起成为古代中国首都中都。自元代起，开始成为全中国的首都。明朝自成祖后开始对北京进行大规模扩建，明朝时期北京成为第一个汉族王朝的首都。清朝在延续明北京城的基础上又进行了一些修缮和扩建。至清末北京成为当时世界上最大的城市。北京有着3000余年的建城史和859余年的建都史。自秦汉以来北京地区一直是中国北方的军事和商业重镇。1860年，英法联军打进北京;1900年，八国联军再次打进北京，美丽的北京城受到了非常严重的破坏和洗劫，大量文物被侵略军和坏民劫掠。1911年辛亥革命后，民国元年1月1日，中华民国定都南京，同年3月迁都北京，直至民国十七年中国国民dang北伐军攻占北京，张作霖败回东北，北洋政府下台。民国伊始，北京的地方体制仍依清制，称顺天府。

直至民国三年，改顺天府为京兆地方，直辖于中央政府北洋政府。这一时期，北京新建了有轨电车系统，和一批现代的文化教育机构，如清华大学、燕京大学、北京大学、辅仁大学、协和医学院等。1937年七七事变后，北平被日本占领。伪中华民国临时政府在此成立，且将北平改名为北京。1945年8月21日，入侵北京的日本军队宣布投降，重新更名为北平。1949年1月31日，中国人民解放军进入北平市，实现对北京的解放。同年9月27日中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议通过《关于中华人民共

和国国都、纪年、国歌、国旗的决议》，北平更名为北京。1949年10月1日，中华人民共和国中央人民政府在北京宣告成立。

北京城不仅汇聚了世界上著名的五大宗教(道教、佛教、伊斯兰教、基督_、天主教)，而且这五大宗教建筑和文化也各有特色。比如，现在我们行驶的朝阜路上，短短几公里，就聚居了四个宗教(朝阳门外的东岳庙、东四清真寺、隆福寺、广济寺、历代帝王庙、白塔寺)的建筑，而在北京宣南地区，以北京建城纪念柱为中心的周边地区，可以说聚集了五大宗教的许多著名活动场所。这些场所有：佛教的天宁寺、法源寺、长椿寺;道教的白云观;基督_珠市口教堂;天主教宣武门教堂(南堂);伊斯兰教牛街礼拜寺;这种“宗教文化区”在世界大城市中是罕见的，体现了东方“和”的文化氛围，体现了北京城市文化的独特魅力，体现了中华民族的伟大凝聚力。

北京是座千年古都，历史上，因长期处于中原与北方民族的交汇处，故而曾融合了众多民族的'文化、习俗与语言。久而久之，便产生出了富有本地特色的北京风俗习惯。例如集吃喝玩乐于一体的北京庙会等。

北京的传统节日形式多样、内容丰富，是中华民族悠久历史文化的一个组成部分。从这些流传至今的节日风俗里，可以清晰地看到古代人民社会生活的精彩画面。特色的节日如龙庆峡冰灯艺术节、香山红叶节、白云观庙会、东岳庙庙会等。

各位游客：

大家好。我是东厦旅行社的导游，名字叫余旭芸，大家叫我余导游就行了。今天，我们要去列入世界遗产的一座宫殿——北京故宫。

北京故宫始建于1406年，建成于1420年，是明清两朝的皇宫，又名紫禁城。故宫占地面积72万平方米，建筑面积15万平方米，屋子有9999间半。故宫四周饶10米高的城墙，外有50多米宽的护河城。现在，我们已经来到了北京故宫门前。各位游客们，你们看，这座故宫的四个城角上都有一座九梁十八柱七十二条脊的角楼。现在我们已经进入了外朝皇帝处理政事的地方。它们主要有三大殿：太和殿。中和殿。保和殿。现在，我们已经来到了太和殿，它是三大殿中最为高大的，它金碧辉煌，非常好看。看，这个台基四周矗立成排的雕栏，称为望柱，柱子上雕刻着云龙云凤的图画。非常显目且好看。我们出出进进都有四个门：南有午门，北有神武门，东有东华门，西有西华门。其中午门为正门。

东路以建筑为主。东有两山南北奔趋，两山各在东南和东北转折成围合状。建筑分三个小院。，南面靠东院入，抬头是一精致垂花门，入内为狭长院落，院内当年种竹，正厅为大戏楼之后部，西厢为中路明道堂之后卷，东厢为一排厢房，院西为另一个狭长院落。入口月洞门，曰:吟香醉月。北面是东路的主体建筑大戏楼，戏楼自成一个小院，面积达685平方米，院内有前厅、观众厅、舞台、扮戏房等，厅内装饰豪华，是王府的观戏处。

西路以山水为主。西路的起始部分从飞来峰西走，在南端是两山之间的一个雄关。关名曰:榆关，榆关即长城的山海关，是长城的象征，素有天下第一关之美称，当年，清代皇帝就是从此入关，在园中设此关足以表示园主不忘记清祖从山海关入主中原的丰功伟绩。榆关之前是西路的中心大方池，方池东南角出细流折东与福河相连，大方池之中有一个方形小岛，岛上是观鱼台，以此来喻庄子濠上观鱼之乐的典故;池西是西山;池前有五间堂屋。东出抄手廊与中路滴翠岩的曲廊相接。

全园以福字贯穿，表明主题明显。山势围合有新意，榆关雄峙也有新意，但东部建筑较多，中部曲廊的围合也不够有机，特别是理水较差。从堆石、建筑、植物、格局上看仍有北方园林特点。

恭王府位于什刹海北岸的恭王府是世界最大的四合院，也是今日北京城里，60余座清代王府中保存最完整的一个。分为平行的东、中、西三路。中路的3座建筑是府邸的主体，一是大殿，二是后殿，三是延楼。延楼东西长160米，有40余间房屋。东路和西路各有3个院落，和中路遥相呼应。王府的最后部分是花园，20多个景区各不相同。

恭王府是清道光帝第六子恭忠亲王府第。前身为乾隆时大学士和砷的邸宅。嘉庆四年(1799年)和砷获罪，邸宅入官，嘉庆帝将其一部分赐给其弟庆僖亲王永磷，是为庆王府。以后咸丰市将庆王府收回，转赐其弟奕沂，是为恭王府。咸丰、同治年间曾整修，并在府后添建花园。

各位来自世界各地的游客们：

你们好！欢迎来到“世界遗产”之北京故宫，我是来自遂昌的翁导游，下面我就带大家去细细游赏一番吧，

中国明清两代的皇宫，又称紫禁城，地点位于北京城中心。开始建造与明永乐四年至十八年，也就是现在说的1406年至1420年，后来经过多个朝代的劳动人民细心修改，变的非常的富丽堂皇，但仍保持着原来的布局和规模，是世界上保存的最完整、规模的古代木构架宫殿建筑群。最先的设计人是蔡信、阮安等，主持施工的人是蒯详、陆详等，名字里都有详哦！

我们说完了北京故宫的历史和人物建造，现在该说说外观和排列顺序了把！

这座城设四个门，南门正中面是午门、北边是神武门、东为东华门，西为西华门，四门个建有重檐庑殿顶门楼。这座城的四个角都还布有一些结构精巧、外观秀丽的角楼。外面的墙有10米多高呢！还有护城河宽52米，够宽的吧！长3800米，整个建筑群按南北中间的中轴线为对称布局，层次分明，主次有序。

听完了一以上那些，你应该对北京故宫有些了解了吧！可能你还不知道把，连皇帝的住所都是那么井井有条！

文化殿，武英殿是面阔九间的但檐歇山顶建筑。文化殿是皇帝听大臣讲书的地方，武英殿是皇帝吃饭、居住和召见大臣的地方。后三宫、东西六宫和乾清宫和坤宁宫通直御花园。坤宁宫和乾清宫是内廷的正殿、正寝，是皇帝、太后和皇后的正式居住场所，平均面积宽九间，为重檐庑殿顶。

前三殿是全宫的建筑群，占地面积有达8.5万平方米，是宫城的12%，后三供则为前三殿的25%，期于宫殿依次递减，主要突出前三殿、后三宫的主要地位，1961年定位中国第一批全国重点文物保护单位，已被联合过教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

Hello, everyone. Today we are going to visit the summer palace, which was

listed in the world cultural heritage list in 1998. It is the most abundant and

well preserved Royal Garden in the world.

Located in the northwest of Beijing, the summer palace covers an area of

290 hectares, of which the water surface is about 220 hectares. The summer

palace, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, was built in 1750 to celebrate the

birthday of his mother in the year of Emperor Qianlong. In 1860, it was burned

by the United Kingdom and France, and most of the buildings were destroyed. Cixi

misappropriated the Navy's military expenditure and took 10 years to rebuild.

After completion, it was renamed the summer palace. Cixi spent most of her later

years in the garden, where traces of major events of that year can still be

traced. The basic layout of the summer palace can be divided into three parts:

the administrative area with Renshou hall as the center, the living area for

emperors and empresses with Yulan hall and Leshou hall as the main parts, and

the tourist area with Kunming Lake and coastal scenery and scenery of Front

Mountain and back mountain as the main parts. If you add the paiyun hall, it can

also be divided into four parts.

At first there was no name. In the Liao and Jin Dynasties, Jinshan palace

was built on the mountain, so it was called "Jinshan" and "Jinhai". It is also

said that an old man dug out a stone urn at the foot of the mountain, and the

Yuan Dynasty changed the name of this place to "wengshan" and "wengshanpo".

Wengshan park is located in the west of Dadu in Yuan Dynasty, with enchanting

scenery, so it has the reputation of "West Lake" in literati's works. In the

Ming Dynasty, some temples and temples were built here. The emperor called it

"good mountain garden". In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, large-scale

construction of royal gardens began here. At that time, there was the famous

"three mountains and five gardens". They are: Yuquan mountain, Wanshou mountain,

Xiangshan Mountain, Changchun Garden, Jingming garden, Jingyi garden, Yuanming

garden, Qingyi Garden. Qingyi Garden is now the summer palace.

When we arrived at the east palace gate, our tour officially began. Outside

the East Palace is the largest crossing archway in the Qing Dynasty. The east

palace gate is also the main gate of the summer palace. The plaque on the door

of the summer palace is the handwriting of Emperor Guangxu. The word "Yihe"

means "Yiyang spirit, peace of mind".

Entering the east palace gate, we first came to Renshou hall. The word

"Renshou" comes from the meaning of "Renzhe Shou" in the Analects of Confucius.

That is to say, those who govern with benevolence can live a long life. Renshou

hall used to be the hall of diligent administration during the reign of Emperor

Qianlong. After the reconstruction of the summer palace, it was changed into

Renshou hall. This is the main place for Royal political activities in the

garden. The five Taihu stones we see face to face are called fengxu Wulao, which

means longevity. The bronze monster on the throne of Han white jade Xumi, known

as Qilin and Sibuxiang, is one of the nine sons of the dragon, symbolizing

auspiciousness and wealth. In front of the hall, there are two pairs of bronze

censers in the shape of dragon and Phoenix, arranged in such a way that the

Phoenix is on the inside and the dragon is on the outside, highlighting the

position of the Phoenix. This has something to do with the fact that Empress

Dowager Cixi listened to the government behind the curtain at the end of the

Qing Dynasty.

Now the furnishings in Renshou hall are basically the same as before. There

are royal cases, throne, corner ends, palm fans and screens on the ground bed in

the hall. The screen is made of red sandalwood and carved with nine dragons. The

center of the screen is a glass mirror with 226 characters of longevity written

in different ways. The palm fan is a palace decoration decorated with peacock

plume. The horn end is a unicorn, which is said to be able to "communicate with

the four barbarians". The practical use is the censer. On the walls on both

sides of the hall, there is a picture of a hundred bats holding longevity. The

word "Shou" in the middle is written by Cixi. Bat and Fu have the same

pronunciation, which means more happiness and more longevity.

Through the rockery behind Renshou hall, we can see Kunming Lake in front

of us.

The best view of the summer palace is on the East Bank of Kunming Lake.

Here we can look at foxiangge in the north, Yuquan mountain in the West and

Nanhu island in the south.

Next we will visit the empress living area.

Now we can see that this group of chic and elegant courtyard is Yulan hall,

"Yulan" comes from the verse of Jin Dynasty poet Lu Ji: "Yuquan gushes in the

gentle waves". This is the place where Emperor Guangxu lived and dealt with his

daily affairs when he came to the summer palace. After the failure of the reform

movement of 1898, Guangxu was put under house arrest here. In order to control

his every move, Cixi even closed the cloisters on the East and west sides with

brick walls. All these are the witness of the reform movement of 1898. Yulan

hall is a traditional courtyard building with breakfast room in the East,

dormitory in the West and study in the middle.

Behind the Yulan hall is the Yiyun Museum, which means "Yiyun" is suitable

for collecting books. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, it was the place

where the emperor collected books. After reconstruction, it was changed into the

palace of empress Longyu.

After walking through Yiyun hall, the corridor in the northwest corner is

Leshou hall. "Leshou" comes from the Analects of Confucius, which means that

this is the place where the benevolent and the wise live. Leshoutang is the main

building in the living area. It has two floors. It was originally the place

where Qianlong's mother lived. After reconstruction, it was changed into the

residence of Empress Dowager Cixi.

Entering the courtyard, we can see a lot of things here. Copper deer,

copper crane and copper vase are used to refer to the homophony of deer, crane

and vase, which means "Six Harmonies and peace". Magnolia, Begonia and peony are

also planted in the courtyard, which symbolizes the wealth of Yutang. The Taihu

stone on the south side is just the shadow wall of leshoutang. Because the shape

is like Ganoderma lucidum and cyan. So it's called qingzhixiu. There is also a

true story about qingzhixiu. In the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, there was

a senior official named Mi Wanzhong who was addicted to stones. After he found

this stone in the mountains of Fangshan County, he wanted to transport it to his

home. But because the family ran out of money, and as a result, he lost his

family. Therefore, the stone is also known as the "black sheep's stone", which

was later discarded on the roadside of Liangxiang. After more than a hundred

years, Qianlong went to the Western mausoleum to sweep the tomb. When he passed

Liangxiang, he saw this stone. They ordered the soldiers to transport them to

the Leshou hall under construction. But because the stone was too big and the

door was too narrow, they broke in. Only because the shape of the stone is

similar to ganoderma lucidum can it be preserved.

Now, let's go to the gallery. The gallery, also known as "wanjuan Gallery",

has 273 rooms with a total length of 728 meters, starting from the moon gate in

the East and ending at Shizhang Pavilion in the West. There are four beautiful

pavilions, Liujia, Jilan, Qiushui and Qingyao. The corridor is like a ribbon

connecting the scenery in front of the mountain. There are more than 14000

pieces of Soviet style paintings in the gallery, which made it the world's

largest gallery by Guinness World Records in 1900.

Finally, I'd like to introduce Qing Yanfang, which is located at the west

end of the corridor. When Emperor Qianlong built Qingyi Garden, he used the

allusions of Wei Zheng to persuade Cambodian Li Shimin by borrowing the verses

in Er Jing Fu. The Qing Yan boat was built in the courtyard. It is used to

encourage oneself and to warn future generations. This is the place where the

emperors enjoyed tea and the scenery of Kunming Lake. Emperor Qianlong also set

free here. When it was rebuilt in the reign of Guangxu, machine wheels were

installed on both sides of the stone ship, which seemed like a Western ship.

接团导游词北京英语4

Hello, everyone. Today we are going to visit the largest and most complete

royal palace complex in the world,

The Palace Museum is located in the center of Beijing, formerly known as

the Forbidden City. It was built in the fifth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty and

completed in the 18th year of Yongle in 15 years. It is the palace of 24

emperors in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Its name is borrowed from Zihui Xingyuan.

Covering an area of 720000 square meters, it is rectangular, 960 meters long

from north to South and 750 meters wide from east to west. It is surrounded by a

50 meter wide moat and a 10 meter high city wall. There are more than 9000

rooms.

It has a history of nearly 600 years. It is the largest and best preserved

royal palace complex in the world. This group of large-scale buildings is built

according to the principle of "front Dynasty, back room, zuozu and YouSHE" in

"Zhouli KAOGONGJI", with rigorous structure, brilliant color and regular

layout.

The Palace Museum is divided into two parts: the former dynasty and the

latter. The former dynasty was the main place for emperors to hold ceremonies

and summon officials. The central buildings were Taihe hall, Zhonghe hall and

Baohe hall, as well as Wenhua hall and Wuying hall. The harem can also be

divided into three parts. They are the main palace with the theme of Qianqing

palace, Jiaotai palace and kunningguan palace, the east palace with the theme of

Fengxian palace and Huangji palace, and the West Palace with the theme of

Yangxin palace and Chuxiu palace.

The Palace Museum has four gates. The main gate is the Meridian Gate in the

south, Donghua gate in the East, Xihua gate in the West and Shenwu gate in the

north.

From Tian'anmen Gate to the north is Duanmen gate. You can see the Meridian

Gate when you cross the Duanmen gate. Meridian Gate is the main gate of the

Forbidden City. It was rebuilt in the fourth year of Shunzhi. It is a double

eaves veranda roof building with 95 bays and 35 meters in height. Its plane is

concave, with four double eaves pavilions on each wing. It is commonly known as

wufenglou. The small square in front of the Meridian Gate can hold more than

20000 people. On the first day of the tenth month of the lunar calendar, the

emperor presented a Almanac. In case of going to war or offering prisoners, the

emperor issued an order at the Meridian Gate or accepted the surrender of

prisoners. All the ministers who were criticized as "rebellious scale" for

angering the emperor came to the Meridian Gate to receive the "Imperial Staff".

According to the records, two times in the fourteenth year of Zhengde and the

third year of Jiajing of Ming Dynasty, people were killed by the Imperial

Staff.

After the Meridian Gate, you can see a zigzag, jade belt like artificial

river, which is the jade belt river. The five exquisitely carved white marble

bridges across the river, Yudai bridge, is the only way to the three halls of

the former dynasty.

The three halls of the former dynasty, commonly known as the three main

halls, are Taihe hall, Zhonghe hall and Baohe hall in turn. They are the main

buildings on the central axis and the tallest buildings in the Forbidden

City.

The hall of Taihe can be seen through the gate of Taihe where the emperor

of Ming Dynasty listened to the government. Taihe hall, commonly known as

"Jinluan hall", was built in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty. It was destroyed and

built many times. It was once called Fengtian hall and Huangji hall. Finally, it

was rebuilt in Shunzhi period of Qing Dynasty and renamed Taihe hall. With a

height of about 35 meters and a width of about 63 meters from east to west, and

12 red pillars on the front, it was the largest wooden structure building in

Beijing at that time. The base was built with white marble and Aiqing stone

about 10 meters high. The base is surrounded by a stone pillar with the pattern

of cloud dragon and cloud Phoenix. At the bottom of the base, there are more

than a thousand white jade dragon heads carved with holes for drainage. In case

of rain, we can see the wonderful landscape of "thousand dragons spitting

water". There are 18 incense burners on both sides of the stone steps, and 4

bronze pots on the balcony in front of the hall. The copper tortoises and cranes

on the left and right symbolize the longevity of the emperor and empress

respectively. The sundial in the East symbolizes being ordered by heaven.

Jialiang in the West symbolizes the emperor's justice. There are 48 big columns

in the hall. In the middle is a flat bed, on which there is a gold lacquer

dragon throne. On the top of the hall, there is the meaning of "caisson" to

suppress fire. There is a dragon with a pearl in its mouth on the middle dome.

Pearl coated with mercury, known as "Xuanyuan mirror.". It seems that the

emperor who ascended the throne was a descendant of the emperor Xuanyuan.

The main function of the hall of Supreme Harmony is to celebrate the three

festivals of new year's day, winter solstice and longevity every year. National

ceremonies such as the new emperor's accession to the throne, the issuance of

important imperial edicts, and the issuance of new Jinshi Huang Bang are also

held here.

Zhonghe hall, located behind the hall of Dahe, is a square building with a

sharp top. The weather is also extraordinary. There used to be three names -

Huagai hall, Zhongji hall and Zhonghe hall. The name of this hall itself

reflects the Confucian doctrine of the mean. Its main functions are as follows:

to wait for the time of going to court and rest in the hall of Supreme Harmony;

to accept official congratulations. 2： The day before the emperor went to the

field, he examined the seeds and farm tools. 3： Keep the emperor's

genealogy.

Baohe hall is the rear of the three main halls. The top of the mountain for

the double eaves. It also has three names - Jinshen hall, Jianji hall and Baohe

hall. Baohe hall had two functions in the Ming Dynasty: first, the emperor tried

on his court clothes before going to Taihe hall. 2、 At the end of each year, a

celebration banquet is held here to entertain civil and military officials. In

the Qing Dynasty, it also had two functions: first, on the first and fifteenth

day of the first month of each year, it hosted banquets for foreign vassal

princes, ministers and foreign ministers. 2、 During the reign of Qianlong, the

imperial examination was held in Baohe palace. The palace examination is held

every three years. The emperor made the proposition and examined it in person.

The first name is number one, the second name is top ranking, and the third name

is Tanhua. Palace examination began in the Sui Dynasty and ended in the Guangxu

period of the late Qing Dynasty.

After visiting the first three halls, we came to Qianqing gate, the main

entrance of the back dormitory. The palace to the north of qianqingmen was the

place where the empress lived and lived. The Qianqing gate is the boundary

between the former dynasty and the later palace, where the Qing Emperors "listen

to the government". Several low buildings in the West are the military aircraft

department, the decision-making organ of the central government set up in the

Yongzheng period. To the east of the Qianqing gate is the upper study, which is

the reading place for the prince of the Qing Dynasty.

Qianqing palace is the main hall of the back palace. It is also the bedroom

of the Ming and Qing emperors and the place where they usually deal with

government affairs. Since Emperor Yongzheng moved to Yangxin hall, it is no

longer the emperor's dormitory. On the terrace in front of the palace are four

bronze stoves, a pair of turtles and cranes, a sundial and a Jialiang. On both

sides of the terrace, there is also a "small golden hall of the country" in

Qianqing palace. There is a gold lacquer throne in the center and a gold lacquer

screen in the back. The plaque on it is the place where Yongzheng secretly

established the imperial edict, which is quite mysterious. The main functions of

Qianqing Palace are as follows: first, the emperor dealt with daily affairs

here. 2、 Every new year's day, Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid

Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, winter solstice, new year's Eve and so

on, we have to carry out the activities of inner court ceremony and banquet. 3、

The two banquets of Qianlong and Kangxi in Qing Dynasty were also held here. In

addition, many important events and secrets of the Ming Dynasty that shocked the

government and the public took place here, such as "renyin palace incident",

"Hongwan case", "wuzongxihuo" and "Chongzhen escape".

Behind the Qianqing palace is the Jiaotai hall. Jiaotai is like

"zhengtiandi Jiaohe, Pingan Kangtai". The hall is square in shape, with 25 seals

in the center and a plaque of "Inaction" of Emperor Kangxi hanging above. On the

east side, there is a timer invented by ancient Chinese people, the copper pot

drip, and on the west side, there is a big self ringing clock. In addition,

there is an iron card warning eunuchs not to interfere with the government.

Every year, when the Queen's birthday and grand ceremony, she will receive a

celebration gift in Jiaotai hall. The day before the ceremony, the queen will

review the mulberry picking tools here. After that, Kunning palace, the palace

of the empress of Ming Dynasty, was changed into a place for offering sacrifices

to the emperor and getting married. Dongnuange was the bridal chamber of the

emperor when he got married.

At the back of the inner court is the imperial garden, formerly known as

gonghouyuan. The garden covers an area of only 12000 square meters, but it

contains more than 20 buildings of different styles. In the middle of the

imperial garden is tianyimen, and guotianyimen is Qin'an hall. Qin'an hall is

the main building in the imperial garden and the only religious building on the

central axis of the palace, which is dedicated to Xuanwu emperor. The famous

LIANLI cypress in Beijing is in the imperial garden. In the Royal Garden, there

are four pavilions, Wanchun Pavilion, Fubi Pavilion, Qianqiu Pavilion and

Chengrui Pavilion, which symbolize the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn

and winter.

The buildings in the Forbidden City are the crystallization of the

extraordinary skills and rich imagination of ancient Chinese architects and

craftsmen. They are precious cultural heritage of China and even the world. OK,

let's visit the Forbidden City first.

各位游客们，大家好，我是你的导游，大家可以叫我张导或小张。今天将由去我带领大家参观这美丽的颐和园。Letsgo!

进了颐和园的大门，绕过大殿，就来到了有名的长廊，别小看了这条长廊，它有七百多米长呢!绿漆的柱子，红漆的栏杆，一眼望不到头。长廊有273间，每间的横栏上都有五彩的画，几千幅画中没有哪两幅是相同的。

走完长廊，我们就来到了万寿山脚下，大家抬头看一下，那一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑物就是佛香阁。下面的一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿就是排云殿。

现在我们已经在万寿山的山顶了。大家向东远眺，是不是隐隐约约可以望见几座古老的城楼和城里的白塔?

下山以后，如果需要乘坐游船的游客可以到昆明湖里荡舟。不坐船的游客请跟随我到十七孔桥上欣赏昆明湖的美。最后，我们到湖中心的小岛集合。坐船的游客请不要往湖里扔垃圾，以免污染了昆明湖的美丽景致。

目前我们脚下踩着的就是十七孔桥，桥上有上百根石柱，柱子上都雕刻着小狮子，各个惟妙惟肖，姿态不一。走完石桥，各位游客请随我和其他几名游客汇合。

这次的游览活动到此结束，颐和园还有许多美丽的风景，希望大家有机会去细细游赏。

香山庭院中心是一平圆形水池，清洌的泉水从石雕的龙口中注入，夏来新荷婷立，金鱼嬉戏。池东、南、北三面回廊环抱，内有一小亭伸入池中。池西有轩榭三间，即见心斋。斋后山石嶙峋，松柏交翠。整个庭院清静幽雅，使人留连忘返。当年乾隆帝曾在此读书和赐宴臣僚。

香山公园历史悠久，文物古迹众多,早在1186年就出现了人文景观。香山寺曾为京西寺庙之冠。

香山四季美景不断。如果把北京西郊比作北京现代化大都市的"后花园"。那么,历史悠久的香山公园便以"春天山花烂漫,夏日清爽宜人,深秋红叶飘丹,冬林银妆素裹"的自然景观,成为北京西郊的绿谷"氧吧"。公园内树木繁多,森林覆盖率达96%，仅古树名木就有5800余株，占北京城区的四分之一，公园具有独特的"山川、名泉、古树、红叶"资源。香山红叶驰名中外，1986年被评为"新北京十六景"之一，成为首都秋季最靓丽的一道景观，每到深秋时节，数以万计的中外游客齐聚香山，共赏秋色。

时间过得真快，今天我们的游览已经接近尾声了。相信大家一定领路到丹枫烂漫锦妆成，要与春花斗眼明的红叶美景。谢谢大家对我工作的支持。祝愿以后的每一天都能想今天一样快乐，像这满山红叶一样如火如荼!期待我们下一次再见!

大家好！

欢迎来到故宫，我是来自河南油田的王导游，下面的时间就由我带大家去细细游赏美丽的故宫。

故宫是世界上保存最完好，规模最大的古代木构架宫殿建筑群。看，此时这是故宫朝南的正门，叫做午门。午门的下面有五个拱门，正中间的门只有皇帝才能出入，即使地位很高的大臣，也只能使用两端的小门，地方上的诸侯只能使用两端最小的小门，一般的百姓连靠近故宫都不行，但是此刻谁都能够进啦！

瞧！这个建筑叫太和门。是故宫里最大的木制大门。在这儿放着一对狮子，它强悍、威武、高大，代表着皇帝的威严。

正前面的大殿叫太和殿，是故宫内最大的建筑物，并且是过去北京城最高的建筑物，你们觉得它高吗是的，它此刻一点也不高，因为北京发展很快，高的建筑物比比皆是。

好了，我的讲解告一段落，大家自由游览，30分钟后在这儿集合

报国寺景区为峨眉山低山区，海拔550-1000米，气候温和，林木葱茏，寺庙相对集中，人文景观丰富。有著名的报国寺、伏虎寺等古代建筑;有珍贵的华严铜塔、圣积铜钟等佛教文物;有“萝峰晴云”、“大峨山潮”等奇特的自然景观;有枯叶蝶、风蝶等珍稀动物和桫椤、桢楠等珍稀植物。景区内有星级宾馆红珠山宾馆、峨眉山大酒店、雄秀宾馆、金叶宾馆以及休养所、林业招待所，还有整洁、卫生、幽静、舒适的私营旅舍。邮电通讯设施先进，交通畅达，车辆方便，是旅游观光、休闲疗养、各种会议、商贸洽淡的最好去处。

我身后这座“天下名山”牌坊，于1993年4月重建。正额“天下名山”是郭沫若1959年题写;背面“佛教圣地”四字，由中国佛教协会会长赵朴初手书。牌坊高17.8米，宽22.2米，四列三跨，采用铜筋混泥土结构的仿木建筑形式。飞檐翘角，古朴典雅，具有明、清建筑风格，是我国目前最大的牌坊之一。牌坊两侧，古榕相衬，雄伟壮观;道路两旁的行道树，整齐葱郁，宛如仪仗队恭迎佳宾。从这里向纵深望去，萝峰岭、虎头山，层层叠翠，祥云缭绕。朋友，神秘的仙山近在咫尺。

报国寺，是峨眉山的第一座寺庙、峨眉山佛教协会所在地，是峨眉山佛教活动的中心。这里寺周楠树蔽空，红墙围绕，伟殿崇宏，金碧生辉，香烟袅袅，磬声频传。

此寺座西向东，朝迎旭日，晚送落霞。前对凤凰堡，后倚凤凰坪，左濒凤凰湖，右挽来凤亭，恰似一只美丽、吉祥，朝阳欲飞的金凤凰。山门前有一对明代雕刻的石狮，造型生动，威武雄壮，就象左右门卫，守护着这座名山宝刹。山门上：“报国寺”大匾，是清康熙皇帝御题，玉藩手书。此庙最初名“会宗堂”，明代万历四十三年(公元1615年)，明光道人建于伏虎寺右的虎头山下，取儒、释、道“三教”会宗的意思。寺里供奉“三教”在峨眉山的地方代表的牌位：佛教为普贤菩萨，因为峨眉山是普贤道场;道教是广成子，据说他是李老君的化身，他在峨眉山授过道;儒教的代表是楚狂，楚狂名接舆，和孔子同时代，楚王请他去做官，他装疯不去，后来隐居峨眉山。会宗堂的建立，反映了明、清时期儒、释、道有过一段融洽的历史。清初会宗堂迁至现址，顺治九年(公元1652年)，行僧闻达重修。康熙四十二年(公元1703年)，根据佛经中“报国主恩”的意思，御赐“报国寺”名，同治五年(公元1866年)暮春僧广惠扩建。解放后多次维修，1986年又重建了山门。山门两边柱上那副对联“凤凰展翅朝金阙，钟磬频闻落玉阶。”就是对报国寺这只“金凤凰”周围景物的生动描写。横匾“普照禅林”和“普放光明”，同是一个意思：佛教称峨眉山为“大光明山”，昼有神奇的佛光出现，夜有万盏圣灯来朝，全峨眉山都被光明普照。右边“鹤驻云归”，意为鹤停下了，云归山岫，喻指清凉静地，含有道家韵味。大门上的联语：“独思喻道，敷坐说经。”前者是说靠自己的思维明白佛经的道理，就是佛学讲的“独觉”境界。后句是说高僧大德铺设好法座向弟子讲经说法。

第一殿为弥勒殿，供奉弥勒塑像。“弥勒”是慈悲的意思，他是菩萨，还没有成佛。菩萨在佛教中的地位仅次于佛。释迦牟尼佛说，他灭度后五十六亿七千万年，弥勒才会重降人间，在华林园龙华树下成佛，三次说法，广度众生。所以称他为“未来佛”。门上这副对联：“看他皤腹欢颜，却原是菩萨化相;愿你清心涤虑，好去睹金顶祥光。”上联描写弥勒的形象，说他还只是菩萨;下联是说祝愿所有游山者放一下切顾虑，一心一意登上金顶去看佛光。来峨眉山不上金顶睹佛光是一大遗憾，等于没有到峨眉山。这里祝愿大家都登上金顶，佛光正等待着你们。再请看这副对联：“开口便笑，笑古笑今，凡事付之一笑;大肚能容，容天容地，于人无所不容。”这是对弥勒菩萨的画像，体现了他的性格，更突出了他宽容大度的高尚品德。联语有很深的哲理，启迪人们对人处世要心胸开阔，要有容人之量。

弥勒后殿供的是韦驮站像，背朝山门，面对大雄宝殿。韦驮是佛教的护法神，身穿胄甲，右手托山，左手按金刚降魔杵，修眉凤眼，双唇紧闭，威武刚强，正气凛然。

第二殿大雄宝殿，“大雄”是佛经中说的“唯大唯雄”的意思，殿里供奉佛主释迦牟尼金身彩饰坐莲像。释迦牟尼是公元前六世纪后期印度迦毗罗卫国(现在尼泊尔境内)释迦部落净饭王的儿子，俗称乔达摩，名悉达多。由于那时社会的动荡和人的生、老、病、死等种.种痛苦和烦恼，引起了悉达多的深思，因而出家修行，寻求解脱。经过六年苦行，尝尽千辛万苦，最后又经过七天七夜的禅思静虑，终于彻悟大觉，成了佛。看门柱上这副对联：“教演三乘，广摄万类登觉路;法传千古，普度众生证菩提。”“三乘”是佛教引导教化众生达到解脱的三种方法、途径。一般称“声闻”、“缘觉”、“菩萨”为“三乘”。“声闻”是闻佛之声教，断见思之惑而人涅磐，为佛道中的最下根。

各位游客，大家好！我是导游,今天我们要参观的是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天坛。

天坛是明朝永乐皇帝建成的祭天圣殿，主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天的祈年殿。天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙，北圆南方，寓意天圆地方。乾隆年间，将大祀殿改为现在祈年殿，将屋顶改为蓝色的琉璃瓦，形成了今天我们看到的这个世界上最大的祭天建筑群。

这一祭天圣地，在1860年遭遇了英法联军的洗劫，1900年又遭到了八国联军的蹂躏，新中国成立以后，这里成了着名的旅游景点，还有很多健身的人们。

现在就让我们沿着当年皇帝登坛的线路开始游览。

现在我们是沿着天坛建筑的中轴线在向南行进，将要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘坛。圜丘坛有两道围护墙，外方内圆，符合天圆地方的说法。每道墙都有四组门，门的大小都不一样，这是因为中门是皇帝专用的，所以高大，皇帝只能从左侧的进入；而其他的官员只能从右边最小的门通过。来到圜丘坛下，我们马上就要开始登坛了，不过要请您留心数一数，每一层坛面有多少台阶。到了最高层，大家都会发现，坛上所有的阶数，都是九或九的倍数。这些难道都是巧合么？当然不是，因为古人认为九的极阳数。所以工匠们变用这个数字来赋予圜丘坛的“崇高”之意。

谢谢你们来北京天坛，欢迎下次再来啦！