洱海

刚来到大理洱海，我就对它一见钟情——天是蓝色的，海是蓝色的，人也是蓝色的。美得就如一幅画。

海水味的海风迎面扑来，一波又一波的海浪腾出水面，海水激动地拍打着岩石。这是悠闲的，是轻松的，是美妙的;是舒服的.，也是和谐的。它简直是大自然的得意作品。

踏上观赏日落的直通船，倾听船只与海水的合奏，“哗啦，哗啦”像一首纯洁的无字歌，让人听得如醉如痴，这声音可真美。“呼—呼—”海风吹得整个人舒服极了，也难怪许多诗人喜欢以海作诗，抒发情感，这种感觉是多么随心所欲呀!船被调皮的波浪带得一起一伏的，大家时不时发出几声尖叫，生怕来个大海浪把这小船给翻了起来。

一缕残光照在我们的脸上——我们终于看到赤朱丹彤的太阳公公啦!一只海鸥遨游在天空中，一朵白云悠悠地在天上飘，一个太阳轻轻地把微弱的光染满天空。船缓缓停了下来，大家静静地凝望着这如油画般漂亮的美景，我好像忘记了所有，忘记了烦恼，也忘记了杂念，只是纯纯地欣赏着，无忧无虑，我不禁赞叹道：“多么漂亮啊!”

回到岸上，夜色已经降临，洱海边家家户户的灯陆续亮了起来，海水还是激情万分，一波又一波地打在石头上。大大小小的渔船渐渐靠岸，可海滩上却还是很热闹，累了一天的人们都来这散散步，吹吹海风。晚上的洱海还是那么的美。

“呼—呼—”海风轻轻抚摸着我的脸颊，望着一望无际的蓝色洱海，就像望着一副美丽的油画。我可真想就这样一直一直欣赏着美丽的它。

蓝色的天，蓝色的海，蓝色的人……

我去过许多风景美丽的地方，可是只有大理洱海的美景让我情有独钟。

洱海是一个风光秀丽的高原湖泊，素以“高原明珠”著称。因为它的形状像人的耳朵，所以人们称之为洱海，又被称为洱河，是世界第二大湖。

我们坐在车上，远远就看见群山连绵起伏，树木郁郁葱葱，一条蓝色绸带飘落在山谷间，上面是一望无际的高原，山脚一幢幢古色古香的建筑鳞次栉比，看着就让人舒坦。太阳渐渐升升上天空，远处的海与天融为一体，海天一色，让人眼前一亮。山上树和花“印”在水中，水中的倒影和山上的树相映，让人瞬间的糊涂，分不清真伪。随着太阳的移动，光线的变化，洱海突然变成了一条巨型的变色龙，海面时不时由蔚蓝色变为乳白，由乳白变成草绿，又由草绿变成蔚蓝，让人摸不清到底它是什么颜色。

这时，洱海安静得像一面大镜子镶嵌在高原上，微风轻轻拂过湖面，镜面荡起了细细的波纹，慢慢地一圈圈向外移动，最后消失得无影无踪。

你别以为它很平静哦，其实它也很爱热闹呢。当我们走近岸边，只见浪花一个接一个地“敲击”着岸边的岩石，仿佛在进行跑步比赛，你追我敢，争先恐后，当第一个浪头击中岩石时，那“哗啦哗啦”的声音仿佛是胜利的欢呼“我胜利了!”浪花们边比赛跑步边把海里美丽的海螺和贝壳送到岸边。小孩子们欢呼雀跃，奔向岸边，攀岩石、拾着浪头送来的海螺、贝壳，哼着欢快的小曲，惬意极了。大人们忙着把如画的美景装入相机，带回家慢慢欣赏。

青山、绿水，欢乐的人群构成了一幅绝妙的画卷。啊!地上草如茵，两岸木如眉，洱海好风光，叫人多沉醉。

我们先从深圳到了云南昆明。晚上，我们坐十一点的火车去大理。早上我们七点钟到的大理。吃完饭后，我们就跟着团，一起去了洱海。

洱海古称“叶榆水”，也叫“西洱河”、洱河、叶榆河、叶榆泽、弥河、昆弥川、昆明池等。是由西洱河塌陷形成的高原湖泊，外形如同耳朵，故名洱海。虽面积没有滇池大，但由于水位深，蓄水量却比滇池大。苍山洱海，山水相依。洱海发源于洱源县的芘碧湖，源头出自罢谷山，北有弥直河注人，东南收波罗江水，西纳苍山18溪水，总径流面积2565平方公里，面积约251平方公里，蓄水量30亿立方米，平均水深约11.5米，最深为20米。是中国第七大淡水湖。

从空中往下看，洱海宛如一轮新月，静静地依卧在苍山和大理坝子之间。洱海共有3岛、4洲、5湖、9曲。洱海属断层陷落湖泊，湖水清澈见底，透明度很高，自古以来一直被称作“群山间的无瑕美玉”。洱海位于大理市境内，是白族人民的“母亲湖”，白族先民称之为“金月亮”，是一个风光秀媚的高原淡水湖泊，在古代文献中曾被称为：“叶榆泽”、“昆弥川”、“西洱河”等，具有优越的区位优势，显著的综合功能，厚重的历史文化，良好的发展环境，是大理政治、经济、文化的摇篮，也是自治州经济可持续发展的基础。

我们去的时候，那时洱海的水刚刚从雪山上化了下来，所以水非常的冰。要是在暖一点的时候，或许可以下海游泳呢!

洱海--高原明珠 洱海是一个风光明媚的高原淡水湖泊，在古代文献中曾被称为“叶榆泽”、“昆弥川” 、“西洱河”、“西二河”等。水面海拔1972米左右，北起洱源县江尾乡，南止于大理市下关镇，形如一弯新月，南北长41.5公里，东西宽3—9公里，周长116公里，面积251平方公里。洱海 属澜沧江水系，北有弥苴河和弥茨河注入，东南汇波罗江，西纳苍山十八溪水，水源丰富， 汇水面积2565平方公里，平均容水量为28.2亿立方米，平均水深10.5米，最深处达20.5米。 湖水从西洱河流出，与漾江汇合注入澜沧江。

洱海西面有点苍山横列如屏，东面有玉案山环绕衬托，空间环境极为优美，“水光万顷 开天镜，山色四时环翠屏”，素有“银苍玉洱”、“高原明珠”之称。自古及今，不知有多高人韵士写下了对其赞美不绝的诗文。南诏清平官杨奇鲲在其被收入《全唐诗》的一首诗 作中描写它“风里浪花吹又白，雨中岚影洗还清”;元代郭松年《大理行记》又称它“浩荡 汪洋，烟波无际”。凡此种.种，不胜枚举。洱海气候温和湿润，风光绮丽，景色宜人。巡游洱海，岛屿、岩穴、湖沼、沙洲，林木 、村舍，各具风采，令人赏心悦目。古人将其概括为“三岛、四洲、五湖、九曲。”

三岛：金梭岛，玉几岛、赤文岛;

四洲：青莎鼻洲、大鹳淜洲、鸳鸯洲、马濂洲;

五湖：太湖、莲花湖、星湖、神湖、渚湖;

九曲：莲花曲、大鹳曲、潘矶曲、凤翼曲、罗莳曲、牛角曲、波曲，高莒曲，鹤翥曲。

随着四时朝暮的变化，各种景观呈现出万千气象，于是，古人又为之归纳为“洱海八景 ”， 即：山海大观、三岛烟云、海镜开天、岚霭普陀、沧波濞舟、四阁风涛，海水秋色，洱海月 映。当中所提到的四阁，便是古人为点缀、观赏洱海所陆续建造的四大名阁：天镜阁(位于海东)、珠海阁(位于洱海公园团山)、浩然阁(又名丰乐亭，位于才村海边)、水月阁 (位于洱海北端双廊，与珠海阁遥相对峙)。四大名阁虽已倒塌不全，有待恢复重建，而这些名胜佳景的诗文佳句却时常见诸史籍。如明代白族学者李元阳咏水月阁的诗云“百二山河 至此终，水晶皎皎漾蟾宫，鼓琴应许蛟龙听，吹笛能教鸑鷟游”。从中我们不 难体会到自古及今洱海人文景观之盛。

洱海水产资源也十分丰富，有各种鱼类，水鸟、虾、螺蛳、蚌、水獭、菱角、芦苇、海 菜等等。鱼类有鲤鱼、弓鱼、油鱼、鳔鱼、小白鱼、鲫鱼、草鱼、青鱼。其中弓鱼被誉为 鱼魁。 ? 洱海是大理风景区的主要风景资源，也是白族祖先最主要的发祥地。迄今为止，在洱海 及其周围的山坡台地上所发现的新石器时代遗址共达30多处。海东金梭岛就是一个著名的新 石器遗址。最近又发现双廊玉几岛也是新石器时代和青铜器时代的重要遗址，除了出土大量 生产生 活用的石器、陶器之外尚有青铜器山字形格剑，铜柄铁刃剑，以及铸造这些兵器的陶范。由 此可以推断它或许还是古代白族先民冶炼铸造青铜器乃至进入铁器时代的生产基地。在这里 每个时代都有历史的遗留，我们似乎可以听到白族祖先从蒙昧时代步步走向文明的足音。因此，也可以说：洱海是白族的摇篮。

各位旅客朋友们：

大家好

欢迎各位来到“五朵金花”的故乡一大理，现在我们的游船正行驶在洱海的泄水河道——西洱河之上。游船的航行方向是由西向东的，再往前行，大家便可以看到烟波浩淼的洱海了。

洱海因气势如海而形状如人的耳朵而得名，是由于地壳运动而形成的断层湖。她是我们云南省的第二大高原淡水湖，在古代文献中曾被称为：叶榆泽”、“昆弥川”水面海拔1972米左右，北起洱源县江尾乡，南止于大理市下关镇，形如一弯新月，南北长41.5公里，东西宽3到9公里，平圪水深105米，最深处达20.5米。·洱海的水域辽阔，周长为116公里，面积约为251平方公里。洱海属澜沧口水系，北有弥苴河注入;东汇波罗江，西纳苍山十八溪水，此外.海底断层中还不断有潜水涌出，因而形成永不枯竭的湖泊，水原丰富，汇水面积2565平方公里，平均容水量为28.2亿立方米，湖水从西洱河流出，与漾濞江汇合后注入澜沧江，最后注入太平洋，由于洱海水的流入与流出，使得洱海水质优良，适于各种鱼、虾以及贝类的繁殖与生长，同时，也使得洱海有着丰富的水产资源。

现在我们的游船已经行驶在碧波荡漾的洱海了。

被誉为“高原明珠”的洱海，是大理风景区的主要风景资源，也是白族祖先最主要的发祥地。迄今为止，在洱海及其周围的山坡台地上所发现的新石器时代遗址共达30多处。海东金梭岛就是一个著名的新石器遗址：最近又发现双廊玉几岛也是新石器时代和青铜器时代的重要遗址，除了出土大量生产生活用的石器、陶器之外，还有青铜器山字形格剑、铜柄铁刃剑，以及铸造这些兵器的陶范。由此可以推断：它或许还是古代白族先民冶炼铸造青铜器直至铁器时代的生产基地。在这里每个时代都有历史的遗留，我们似乎可以听到白族祖先从远古一步步走向文明时代的足音。因此，也可以说：洱海是白族的摇篮。

现在我们的游船路过的是观音阁，观音阁在大家的导游图中标的名孛叫天镜阁，古时候称作罗荃寺;这罗荃寺，与我们苍山的一朵云——望夫云有着密切的联系。望夫云的传说，在我们大理，可以说是家喻户晓，人人皆知了。在这儿呢，简单的给大家介绍一下望夫云的传说。 相传，南诏国王有一个聪明美丽的公主，她在“绕三灵”的盛会上，遇见了一位年轻英俊的猎人，两人互相爱慕，暗订了终身。公主向父王吐露真情，请求答应这门婚事，国王听后，非常气愤，把公主关进深宫。公主伤心极了，整天闷闷不乐，不思茶饭，盼着猎人来救她出去。公主让贴身侍女去苍山找到猎人，转告自己的处境和思念之情。猎人得知后，非常着急，但公主禁锢深宫，他无法接近。他在苍山上狂奔，高声呼唤着公主的名字，他们纯洁的爱情感动了山神，山神送给猎人一对翅膀，猎人有了翅膀，便悄悄飞进王宫，带着公主从宫墙飞了出来。这里，南诏王找不到女儿，又气又急，请来了海东的罗荃法师。罗荃法师用天镜照出来公主正在玉局峰的岩洞里，就作法用大雪封山的毒计来威胁公主回宫。猎人冒险飞到罗荃寺偷来了罗荃法师的八宝袈裟，准备给公主御寒，当他飞到洱海上空时，可恶的罗荃法师将他打落到洱海中，把他变成一块礁石——石骡子。公主在玉局峰上久盼丈夫不归，当她听到这个消息后，就悲哀忧郁而死。公主死了之后，她的精气变成一朵白云，每年到了严冬腊月时，这朵白云就升到玉局峰的顶上向洱海眺望。而这朵白云一出现，洱海上就会狂风大作，一直要到现出海底的石骡子，风浪才会停止。据说这个时侯就是公主要把海水吹开，看一看海底的情人。不过确实，一旦望夫云出现，即使是再好的晴天，顿时也会狂风大作，惊涛骇浪，所以渔船也就不能够在海上行驶了，所以，当地的渔民也把望夫云称为“无渡云”，也就是不能渡船的意思。

其实望夫云只是一朵气象云而已，它一般出现在冬春时节比较晴朗的日子里，是由于空气的高速流动而形成的。这与苍山洱海的特殊地理位置以及玉局峰的山势陡峭有关。它的出现，预示着印度大陆干燥强烈季风的来临，它是洱海船只安全航行的报警器。石骡子则是洱海中的一块暗礁，民间也称它为定海桩，现在这块礁石已经露出海面，被船家当作航标。但是富于想象力的白族人民赋予了它那么动人的一个传说，使得望夫云、海上的礁石，以及罗荃寺很自然的联系到了一起。把一云、一石、一寺变成为生动、形象、实体的美，也使得望夫云在大家的心目当中变得更加神奇， 也更加有趣了。

在我们的前方，大家所能看到的这个玲珑剔透的小岛，就是洱海中最小但又最负盛名的岛屿一小普陀了，在洱海里，小普陀可以说是“袖珍小岛”。岛虽然小，但名气很大，在介绍大理的画册中少不了有它。

小普陀周长只有200多米，全由石灰岩构成，总面积约有七十平方公尺。这里为什么叫小普陀呢?普陀是梵文普陀珞伽山的缩写，意思是小白花山或小花树山，传说是观音在印度修行的地方。因此，凡是传说中观音显圣地大都称为普陀山。比如我国四大佛教名山之一的浙江普陀山就是由于小普陀的外形比较像传说中观音的道场，但又因为它的规模和地形都比较小，所以得名“小普陀”。

洱海古代文献中曾称为叶榆泽、昆弥川、西洱河、西二河等，位于云南大理市区的西北，为云南省第二大淡水湖，中国第七大淡水湖，洱海北起洱源，长约42.58公里。洱海唯一出水口在在下关镇附近，经西洱河流出。

苍山洱海，山水相依。洱海是大理“风花雪月”四景之一“洱海月”之所在。据说因形状像一个耳朵而取名为“洱海”。洱海水质优良，水产资源丰富，同时也是一个有着迤逦风光的风景区。

洱海风光，四时变幻，多姿多彩。清晨，薄雾轻笼，湖面迷茫，烟波无际，待东方日出，揭开面纱，露出秀美的面容;旭日初升，朝阳四射，金波粼粼，渔舟扬帆。夕阳西下，余霞错绮，归舟泊岸，渔歌唱晚。月夜，水静风轻，月影波光，轻涛拍岸。“洱海夜月”，成为大理“上关风、下关花、苍山雪、洱海月”四大奇景之一。更有奇者是，由于上关风很大，将西洱河的水波吹回，本来是洱海从西洱河流出的，看上去却像西洱河流入洱海。

洱海属断层陷落湖泊，湖水清澈见底，透明度很高，自古以来一直被称作“群山间的无瑕美玉”。传说在海底生长着一棵硕大无比的玉白菜，这碧波莹莹的湖水，就是一滴滴从玉白菜的心底沁涌出来的玉液。坐船游洱海

虽然这是个老套的环节，但是大理因水而灵动，所以洱海几乎成为不能错过的景点之一。

第一步：坐8路车到玉洱路下车，从任何一家票务中心买账洱海游船票。也或者不用找票务中心，路上会有执着的当地人卖票人拦下你买票，如果价格差不多就买一张无妨。报价140元左右，非旺季一般80-100元成交。

第二步：买点水和零食，游船上吃。

第三步：上船。按照不同时段发船。游览线路一般为：小普陀-南诏风情岛。其实岛上意思不大，在洱海上吹吹风是正经事。

第四步：下船。下船的位置不是出发的大理港，一般是到桃源码头下车，旁边停车场，10元/人返回大理古城。也可以在这打车前往下一个景点。如崇圣寺三塔。

这是湖面上风的声音，我记得。它曾经出现在我的梦里。

那里，没有人声鼎沸，只有风轻抚，浪轻跃。那里，是云南洱海。

一个人背上包，带上吉他，骑着重机，从江南小镇一直骑到那个独具民族风的小镇。骑累了，便在一处无人的地方，搭一个帐篷，在黑夜里，欣赏那无边的宇宙，还有点点萤火虫。

到达洱海边的小镇，临湖而居，站在楼顶，一眺远方。把心中想说的，想发泄的都喊出来，我相信那片湖会给你回应。这里，是让人心静的好去处。

清晨，在楼顶望着旭日从海岸线上升起，阳光洒在湖水上，波光粼粼，也许它们是大海的金子吧。很美，很美。

小屋的上层是个玻璃台，湖水就在脚下，吃着早餐，听着海风，赏着美景。带着相机，跑到小镇，开始一天的寻访之旅。逛逛小镇，玩弄着街坊边的小玩意儿。再骑着重机到公路上，环绕着湖水骑一圈。如果没车，还想在公路上疯狂地奔跑。傍晚，坐在湖边，弹着吉他。

有时，她风平浪静，澄明净白，像一位温柔美丽的母亲;有时，她波光粼粼，云烟氤氲，又像神秘如梦的仙境。想象着，四月的洱海倒映着天空的蓝，花儿的红，小草的绿。湖面一片平静，湖边的柳须垂倒湖面上。六月，沐浴着清凉的海风，一边品尝着渔民刚油炸好的鱼虾海鲜，一边观赏湖边的飞鸟，会让人感到神清气爽，惬意之极。这里没有城市的喧嚣，没有盛夏的炎热，有的只是说不尽的美好。

十月，在碧波荡漾的湖面上，一艘艘小船上的渔民在忙碌地撒网捕鱼。有时，还会听到一阵阵悠扬的歌声从远方传来。一月，雄伟的苍山是上厚厚的白雪倒映在湖中，来这里过冬的大雁们也为洱海填上了一道亮丽的风景。

这，只是一个梦

洱海，我的梦之地。

洱海古称叶榆泽。它两头窄，中间宽，略弯曲，形如人的耳朵而得名。洱海北起洱源江尾，南止大理市，长40公里，东西宽4—9公里，总面积240多平方公里，蓄水量30亿立方米，平均水深约11.5米，最深为20米。是中国第七大淡水湖。湖内有“三岛”、“四洲”、“五湖”、“九曲”之胜。湖水清澈碧绿，四周风景如画。洱海主要源于洱源县的黑谷山，北有弥苴河，东南有波罗江，西有苍山十八溪流入，水源比较丰富。西洱河是洱海的唯一出海口，流入漾濞江后又进入澜沧江，最后注入南海。

到了洱海，最应该到附近的白族渔村里去看看，因为高原上的渔村本就不多见，50年代著名的电影《五朵金花》就是反映这里的生活。

苍山景色以雪、云、泉石而著称。我先向大家介绍苍山的雪。经夏不消的苍山雪，是大理“风花雪月”四大名景之最。皑皑苍山雪，历代文墨客赞辞颇多，民间传说也不少。明代文学家李元阳曾赞美：“日丽苍山雪，瑶台十九峰”。

苍山的云更是名传遐迩。云聚云散，有时淡如轻烟，有时浓如泼墨。在变幻多姿的云景中，最神奇的是“望夫云”和“玉带云”。所谓“望夫云”是指每当冬春时节，苍山玉局峰顶常会出现一朵孤单的云，忽志忽落，上下飘动，若盼若顾。奇特之处在于它一出现，点苍山便骤起暴风，刮向洱海。所谓“玉带云”，是指每当夏末秋初，雨后初晴，苍山十九峰半山间往往会出现白云朵朵，云朵聚汇，慢慢拉开，宛若洁白的玉带横束苍翠的山腰。绵延数十里，竟日不消散。奇妙的是，“玉带云”会预兆农业丰收：它出现次数多，当年就风调雨顺。当地白族有农谚：“苍山系玉带，饿狗吃白米”。

苍山的泉也很有名。十九峰中海拔在3800米以上的峰顶有不少高山冰碛湖泊，这是第四纪冰川留下来的。还有那十八溪的溪水，飞瀑叠泉，四季奔泻，在清纯甘甜泉水的滋养下，苍山充满生机。冰碛湖畔，密布着原始森林和许多珍奇林木、奇异花卉，特别应告诉大家的是，苍山的花卉早就芳名远播，而且它还使苍山名扬四海。美国教授罗·兰开斯特曾说：“在美国有100多万知道中国云南的大理苍山，因为他们都种有许多美丽的大理苍山的杜鹃花。”

苍山的石，驰名中外。郭沫若有《咏大理石》诗：“三塔矜高古，顺思贞观年。苍山韵风月，奇石吐云烟。相在心胸外，凉生肘腋间。天功人力代，海外竞珍传。”

与苍山雪、洱海月相连的大理四大名景还有上关花、下关风。洱海和苍山之间的坝子，是一个狭长形的冲积平原。南诏国时，在这一狭长地带北南两边各筑一座小城，扼守要冲，保卫王都的安全。北边的称龙首关，又称上关;南边的称龙尾关，即今下关。所谓上关花，是指上关“十里香奇树”，此花原在上关沙坪街的和山寺内，其花大如莲，年开数百朵，香气溢四方，花开时节，观者如云。又因此树结果壳坚，可做朝珠，故花又称“朝珠花”。后来，此花绝迹了。前些年，据说有人在苍山森林中又找到了它。下关风指西洱河谷吹入下关的风，终年不止，尤以冬春为盛，你一进入下关就可以感到下关风的存在。它几乎每天都以怒号，扫街穿巷，撩衣揭帽，使下关了得到了“风城”的雅号。

大理的风花雪月四大名景，有小诗一首将其串在一起，便于记忆，亦颇有情趣：下关风，上关花，下关风吹上关花;苍山雪，洱海月，洱海月照苍山雪。说到这里，请各位看一看我们白族姑娘的绣花包头。你可别小看它，它体现了大理四大名景。请看：微风吹来，耳边雪白的缨穗随风飘飘洒洒，显现了下关的风;包头上绚丽多彩的花朵，代表了上关的花;顶端。

这白茸茸的丝头，远远看去就像苍山的雪;整个包头的形状就如洱海上的弯月一样的明丽动人。

苍山孕育了大理石，大理石就是苍山的魂。这种瑰丽的奇石，世界许多地方都有，独大理的最奇美，且开民得早，因此，全世界凡此奇石均称为“大理石”，“大理”也因石而名扬天下。

各位朋友，我们的游船正在前行，现在应该向大家介绍这碧波万顷的洱海本身了。

洱海，古称昆明池、洱河、叶榆泽等;因其状似人耳，故名洱海。它南北长42公里，东西宽3—9公里，湖岸线长117公里，面积250多平方公里;平均水深10.5米，最深21.5米，蓄水量28.8亿立方米，面积与蓄水量均列云南湖泊第二，在全国淡水湖中居第七位。

洱海南有弥苴河等注入，西纳苍山十八溪水，东汇波罗江、挖色河、南面的西洱河是惟一出海口，经漾濞红绕入澜沧江。洱海属构造湖，湖岸东西多崖壁，北西南三面为沙洲。

大家看，洱海水深清澈，宛若无瑕的美玉，秀丽无比，它正以广阔的胸怀欢迎各位来自远方的宾朋。洱海是中国著名的高原湖泊，早在汉代它已名载史册。

“洱海月”是大理四大名景之一。如果在农历十五月明之夜泛舟洱海，其月格外的亮、格外的圆，其景令人心醉：水中，月圆如轮，浮光摇金;天空，玉镜高悬，清辉灿灿，从洱海中浴出。看着，看着，水天辉映，你竟分不清是天月掉海，还是海月升天。洱海月为什么如此明亮?科学的结论是：一、洱海水质特别纯净，透明度相当高，其反光极强;二、洱海海面尘埃较少，空气清新，使得水天相映，月光更加明亮。此外，洱海月之著名，还在于洁白无瑕的苍山雪倒映在洱海中，与冰清玉洁的洱海月交相辉映，构成银苍玉洱的一大奇观。

Cangshan Mountain, also known as Diancangshan mountain, is named because of

its green color and white top. Cangshan Mountain stretches for more than 50

kilometers and is composed of 19 peaks. It is towering and straight into the

sky. The altitude is generally about 4000 meters, and the peak is covered with

snow all the year round. From south to north, the 19 peaks are Xieyang, ma'er,

fo, Shengying, Malong, Yuju, Longquan, Sanyang, Zhonghe, shengguanjian, yingle,

Xueren, LAN, Sanyang, Heyun, Baiyun, Lianhua, Wutai, Canglang and Yunlong. Among

the 19 peaks, Malong peak is the highest, with an altitude of 4122 meters.

Cangshan 19 peaks, two peaks with a stream, a total of 18 streams, stream

East, into the Erhai Lake. From south to north, the eighteen streams are

Yangnan, Tingming, mocan, Qingbi, Longxi, Luyu, Zhongxi, Taoxi, Meixi, Yinxian,

Shuangyuan, Baishi, Lingquan, Jinxi, mangyong, Yangxi, Wanhua and Xiayi.

Cangshan has a beautiful natural landscape and many scenic spots. Such as

the famous butterfly spring, Fengyan cave and longan cave, Jiangjun cave,

Gantong temple and Zhonghe temple. At the top of the mountain, there are

beautiful natural landscapes such as huadianbazi, ximatan, Huanglongtan and

ancient glacial relics. The ancients summarized the various natural landscapes

of Cangshan as the eight sceneries of Cangshan, that is, Xiaose painted screen,

Cangshan spring snow, Yunheng jade belt, Fengyan Shenghui, Bishui Dietan, Yuju

floating cloud, Xipu pill stone, Jinxia sunset.

Cangshan is famous for its snow, cloud, spring and stone. Cangshan snow is

the most famous scenery in Dali. Snow capped Cangshan, wrapped in silver,

shining in the sun, white crystal. As for Cangshan snow, there are many praises

from scholars and scholars in the past dynasties, as well as many folklores. Li

Yuanyang, a litterateur of Ming Dynasty, once praised: "RI Li, Cangshan snow,

Yaotai 19 peaks".

According to legend, in ancient Dali, a group of plague gods spread

pestilence everywhere in one year, and pestilence prevailed in river and sea

areas. Many people have been killed by the plague, and people are suffering. At

the foot of Cangshan Mountain, the two brothers and sisters came back from

studying law, determined to eliminate harm for the people. Brother with wind,

sister with snow, the God of plague rushed to the top of Cangshan. In order to

make the people no longer affected by the plague, the elder brother turned into

the God of wind and the younger sister into the God of snow, freezing the God of

plague to death on the top of the mountain with strong wind and heavy snow.

Since then, the snow on Cangshan has remained unchanged all year round, becoming

the first of the four sceneries -- Cangshan snow. Each of the 19 peaks of

Cangshan Mountain is 3500 meters above sea level. The highest peak, Malong peak,

is 4122 meters. Due to its high altitude, the peak is extremely cold and snowy

all the year round. It is crystal clear and white in the sun, which is

spectacular.

Cangshan's clouds are even more famous. Clouds gather and disperse,

sometimes as light as smoke, sometimes as thick as ink. Among the changeable

clouds, the most magical are "Wangfu cloud" and "Yudai cloud". The so-called

"Wangfu cloud" means that every winter and spring, a lonely white cloud often

appears on the top of Cangshan Yuju peak, up and down, fluttering up and down,

looking forward and looking forward. The strange thing is that as soon as it

appears, there will be a storm in Diancangshan, blowing towards Erhai Lake. The

so-called "jade belt cloud" refers to the fact that when summer is late and

autumn is early and rain is early and sunny, white clouds often appear between

the 19 peaks of Cangshan Mountain. The clouds gather and slowly pull apart, just

like a white jade belt across the green hillside, stretching for tens of miles.

What's wonderful is that "jade belt cloud" can foretell a good harvest in

agriculture - it appears many times, and it was in good weather that year. The

local Bai people have a farming proverb: "Cangshan is a jade belt, hungry dogs

eat white rice.".

Jade belt cloud

Most of them appear in the late summer and early autumn when it is sunny

after rain. There is a milky white ribbon cloud around the waist of Cangshan

Mountain, winding the hillside and dividing the hundred mile Cangshan Mountain

into two parts, so it is called "cloud cross jade belt".

In the morning after the rain in autumn, the wisps of clouds appear on the

waist of Cangshan Mountain, and then gradually gather together to form a

flawless white line, like a jade belt across the 19th peak of Cangshan Mountain,

cutting off the towering mountains; then slowly they turn into thousands of snow

lilies, blooming on the top of Cangshan Mountain, and in a twinkling of an eye,

they disappear like willow catkins dancing in the spring breeze.

It is said that this is the coming of Guanyin, which indicates that the

coming year will be a good year. Zhang Yangdu, a man of Qing Dynasty, once said,

"when autumn comes and rain comes, the sky will seal the mountain with jade.".

"To praise the wonderful jade belt cloud.

Wang Fuyun

In autumn and winter, a kind of flocculent white cloud often appears on the

top of the jade Bureau peak of Cangshan Mountain. It is like a princess full of

melancholy, bowing down to visit her lover who has been beaten to the bottom of

the sea. This is the "Wangfu cloud" in folklore. As long as the Wangfu cloud

appears, the wind roars, the Erhai Lake is rough and the boat can't go, so it is

also called Wudu cloud.

It is said that wangfuyun is the incarnation of princess a of Nanzhao.

Because she fell in love with young hunters and people on Cangshan Mountain, she

was opposed by her father and asked master lailuo to kill a long and turn her

into a stone mule. The princess died of anger and yearning at the jade Bureau

peak of Cangshan Mountain. Her essence turned into a white cloud. She was angry

and windy. She vowed to blow open the sea to find her lover. Since then, every

autumn and winter, there is often a white and elegant cloud blowing from the

jade Bureau peak of Cangshan Mountain to the vast sky. Under the background of

the blue sky, it looks very clean and beautiful, like a pure girl standing on

the top of Cangshan Mountain overlooking Erhai Lake. As soon as it appears, the

sea will be windy and the Erhai Lake will be rolling. The strong wind has the

tendency of never giving up without blowing the sea and seeing the stone snails

on the sea floor.

Cangshan spring is also famous. There are many glacial lakes on the top of

the 19th peak, which is more than 3800 meters above sea level. These lakes are

left by Quaternary glaciers. There are also the streams of the eighteen streams,

the waterfalls and springs, and the four seasons. Nourished by pure and sweet

spring water, Cangshan is full of vitality. Ice lake, covered with primeval

forests and many rare trees, exotic flowers. Cangshan's flowers have long been

famous, and it also makes Cangshan famous all over the world. "More than one

million people in the United States know about Cangshan Mountain in Dali,

Yunnan, China, because they all grow many beautiful azaleas from Cangshan

Mountain in Dali."

Cangshan's stone is famous at home and abroad. Guo Moruo wrote the poem

"Ode to marble:" the three pagodas are high and ancient, reflecting on the year

of Zhenguan. Cangshan rhymes with wind and moon, and strange stones spit clouds

and smoke. Phase in the heart and chest, cool when axillary. Heaven's work and

manpower's generation are rare overseas. " Cangshan breeds marble, which is the

soul of Cangshan. This kind of magnificent stone is found in many parts of the

world. Dudali is the most beautiful and has been developed early. Therefore,

this kind of stone is called "marble" all over the world. Dali is also famous

for its stones.

Cangshan is now along the waist of the mountain opened up a tour road.

Outside the north gate of Dali ancient city, there is a 7000 meter long

cableway, which can reach Zhonghe Temple directly. Visitors can go back and

forth by cableway.

Cangshan ximatan

Ximatan, formerly known as biaolongtan, is located on a platform at the top

of Yuju peak, the second peak of Cangshan Mountain, with an altitude of 40097

meters and about 50 steps from the peak. Ximatan has a radius of more than 100

meters and a water depth of 1.67 meters. It is in the shape of an elliptical pot

bottom. The bottom of the pool and its surroundings are naturally paved with

very thin bluestone slabs. The lake is crystal clear and does not dry up all the

year round. It is a beautiful alpine lake on the top of Cangshan Mountain.

The lake is surrounded by Alpine Rhododendron shrubbery in the shape of

Qiulong, and not far below is the tall and straight primitive forest belt of

Abies faxoniana and bamboo forest belt of Cangshan.

At the turn of spring and summer, rhododendrons are in full bloom. The

lakeside is as colorful as clouds. On one side, there are fresh green bamboos

and dark blue fir, and on the other side, there are mottled gray and yellow rock

peaks and stone screens, reflecting the lake. If you are interested in lying on

a rock beside the lake and kissing and caressing your cheek with clusters of

pink Bauhinia, pale yellow wild lily and colorful dragon claw flowers, you will

feel tired and refreshed. In addition, the fragrance of Rhododendron in the wind

makes you forget to return.

Fengyan cave

From the ancient city of Dali to the southwest, to the foot of Longquan

peak of Cangshan Mountain, and then climb seven or eight miles to Fengyan

cave.

Fengyan cave is embedded in Putuo cliff, half of Longquan peak to the

south. Here, the cliff is ten thousand Ren, the sky is empty, and the scenery is

secluded and steep. The rock passes through a line, and the hole is like the eye

of a Phoenix. The back of the cave is the side of Longquan peak. In front of the

cave is a huge lingxu rock. When you walk to the edge of the rock and look down,

you can see the green jade stream and a pitian pouring down. The clouds are vast

and the abyss is dazzling. This is the "sacrificial cliff". There is a stone bed

in the East and west of Yannan. Its surface is smooth and shiny. It is called

"immortal bed". This is the most dangerous part of Fengyan cave. On the stone

wall beside the bed, there are inscriptions such as "this place is not human",

"should know that there is no heaven" and so on. There is also a place called

"West Buddha Pavilion". Each pavilion is carved with a stone Buddha. If you want

to see the whole picture of the Buddha, you must sit on the immortal bed and

look up. It is commonly known as "looking back at the Eight Immortals". Fengyan

cave is famous for its precipitousness since ancient times, which can be called

one of the scenic spots of Cangshan.

Cangshan Park

At the foot of Xieyang peak in the northwest suburb of Xiaguan, there will

be Jundong scenic spot.

In 1982, Cangshan Park was opened by Xiaguan Municipal People's government.

Two new scenic spots, Songbai garden and Qingquan waterfall, were built outside

jiangjundong. In the pine and cypress garden, there are stone archways at the

mountain gate, marble plaques on the setting sun scenic spot, and long corridors

and pavilions for visitors to rest. The waterfall falls down from the cliff and

keeps falling all the year round. The garden, waterfall and jiangjundong ancient

buildings are integrated, covering hundreds of mu with beautiful scenery.

Forest, water overflow green, East View Erhai Lake, South listen to the West

Erhe river waves, back against the main peak of the setting sun.

Jiangjun cave was built in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty.

The main buildings are gatehouse, stage, main hall, God of wealth hall,

Niangniang hall, wing room and so on. The whole building complex has a strong

Bai style. Among them, the main hall is a single eaves building on the top of

the mountain, with Dragon carving buildings, which is very magnificent. During

the reign of Tang Tianbao, Tang General Li mi led his troops to attack Nanzhao

and entered the Xi'er river. He was defeated by the king of Nanzhao and the

whole army was destroyed. Ten thousand people were buried on the South Bank of

the tail of the river. People built a temple in memory of Li Mi, commonly known

as the general cave. There is a big green tree in front of the temple for

hundreds of years. It is said that Li mi was defeated and fled to Xieyang peak.

He planted his weapons on the ground and later grew into a tree. The existence

of jiangjundong fully reflects the desire of the people of all ethnic groups in

the border areas to oppose division and war, and to seek peace, as well as the

broad mind of magnanimous tolerance and inclusiveness.

Zhoucheng

At the foot of Canglang peak in Cangshan Mountain is Xizhou Town, the

largest Bai Nationality Town in Dali, with a population of 8350. Most of the

houses in the village are white dwellings with three sides and one wall, with

pink walls, green tiles and deep tunnels.

Two tall banyan trees (commonly known as big green trees) grow in the South

and North West squares. There is a huge screen wall in front of the South

Square, which is embedded with the four characters of "Cang'er Yuxiu". North

Square has a brick forest structure of the ancient stage, seat east to west,

platform height 2 meters, lift beam type building, Xieshan stage, facing two big

green trees, here is the place of daily afternoon market trade. Every Torch

Festival, huge torches are erected here to celebrate the performance.

In addition, the village also has the main temple, Wenchang palace and

other ancient buildings, it looks antique. Due to the establishment of commune

and team enterprises, the commercial economy is very active. There are

traditional tie dyeing, wine making, food processing, construction and other

industries. There are cultural palaces, cinemas, schools, hospitals and so on.

There are strong ethnic customs. Due to its proximity to Butterfly Spring Park,

the number of tourists is increasing day by day, and the village has convenient

accommodation, especially the delicious and unique style of tofu cooked fish,

which has become an important folk tourism village in Dali.

Huadianba

Huadianba is a beautiful and rich basin on the top of Cangshan Mountain. It

is on the top of Yunlong peak and Canglang peak of Cangshan Mountain. It is 2900

meters above sea level, more than 20 kilometers long from north to South and

about 3 kilometers wide from east to west. In the west of Bazi, there are 19

peaks similar to Cangshan, which are called xiaocangshan with dense forests.

There are more than 40 streams, large and small, in the mountain. After

converging, they become Cangshan Wanhua stream.

Follow the Wanhua river opposite Xizhou town and climb for more than two

hours to reach Huadian sentry post. After entering the sentry, a broad dam with

blue and rosy clouds suddenly appears in front of us, which makes us suddenly

feel relaxed and happy. Huadian dam is surrounded by undulating peaks, green

bamboos all over the mountain, water tinkling, birds singing, quiet and

beautiful. Every spring and summer, the mountains and fields are full of cherry

blossoms, which are more than 20 miles in length, forming a sea of flowers and a

world of flowers. Among the flowers mixed with white bean flower, peony flower

and other herbaceous flowers, colorful, magnificent and charming. Camellia,

Rhododendron, YINGSHANHONG, wild chrysanthemum, leopard flower and dragon claw

flower make the whole dam colorful. Huadianba is a kingdom of plants and a sea

of flowers.

Ancient Buddha cave

The ancient Buddha cave, located on Yunlong peak of Cangshan Mountain in

Dali, is a natural karst cave. It is named after the Buddha statue in the cave.

Xu Xiake, a famous geographer of China in the late Ming Dynasty, once inspected

it and recorded in the diary of a trip to Yunnan that "there is an ancient

Buddha cave in Nanshan gorge, which is very different, but hanging on the bank

and cliffs, I'm afraid it's impossible to walk, and no one can recognize it

without a guide.". Under the guidance of the guide, Xu Xiake, fearing no

difficulties and dangers, climbed straight down to the entrance of the cave, but

"it's very difficult to jump steep, so he can't go down.". When people read

this, they all feel sorry for Xu Xiake's failure to enter the cave for

investigation. At the same time, it also adds a layer of mystery to the ancient

Buddha cave.

The cave is a wonderful world with deep twists and turns and strange rocks.

This kind of landscape is caused by the continuous infiltration of groundwater

and the long-term deposition of calcium carbonate in the water, gradually

forming stalagmites and stalagmites. Later, the monks found this strange scene.

In order to persuade the faithful men and women to obtain "merits", they carved

Buddha and Bodhisattva statues on these stalagmites and stalagmites. This is

exactly what Xu Xiake said in his travels: "a few years ago, a monk lived here

and set up many Buddhas, so he took the name of Buddha.". Of course, the monks

did not expect to leave a precious cultural and artistic heritage for today's

people when they carved.

Erhai Lake is named for its momentum like a sea and shape like a human ear.

It is a fault lake formed by crustal movement. It is the second largest plateau

freshwater lake in Yunnan Province. It was once known as "yeyuze" and

"kunmichuan" in ancient literature. The water surface is about 1972 meters above

sea level. It starts from Jiangwei township of Eryuan County in the north and

ends at Xiaguan town of Dali City in the south. It is shaped like a crescent

moon. It is 41.5 kilometers long from north to south, 3 to 9 kilometers wide

from east to west. The water depth of Pingge is 105 meters, and the deepest

reaches 20.5 meters. ·Erhai Lake has a vast water area with a circumference of

116 kilometers and an area of 251 square kilometers. Erhai lake belongs to

lancangkou water system, with Miju River in the north; Donghui BOLUO River, Xina

Cangshan eighteen streams, in addition, submarine faults also continue to have

diving gush, thus forming an inexhaustible lake, rich in water, catchment area

of 2565 square kilometers, the average water capacity of 2.82 billion cubic

meters, the lake water from the West Er River, and Yangbi River confluence into

Lancang River, and finally into the Pacific Ocean, due to the inflow and outflow

of Erhai water, Erhai Lake water flow out The quality of sea water is excellent,

which is suitable for the reproduction and growth of all kinds of fish, shrimp

and shellfish. At the same time, Erhai Lake is rich in aquatic resources.

Now our cruise ship has been driving in the rippling Erhai Lake.

Known as the "Pearl of the plateau", Erhai Lake is the main scenic resource

of Dali scenic spot and the most important birthplace of Bai ancestors. So far,

more than 30 Neolithic sites have been found in Erhai Lake and its surrounding

hillside platform. Jinsuo island in Haidong is a famous Neolithic site.

Recently, it was discovered that Yuji island in Shuanglang is also an important

site of Neolithic age and bronze age. In addition to a large number of stone

tools and pottery for daily use, there are also mountain shaped sword, iron

blade sword with copper handle and pottery models for casting these weapons. It

can be inferred that it may be the production base for the ancient Bai ancestors

to smelt and cast bronzes until the iron age. There are historical heritages in

every era here. It seems that we can hear the footsteps of Bai's ancestors from

ancient times to civilization. Therefore, it can also be said that Erhai Lake is

the cradle of Bai nationality.

Now our boat is passing by Guanyin Pavilion. The name of Guanyin Pavilion

in your guide map is Tianjing Pavilion, which was called LUOQUAN temple in

ancient times. This LUOQUAN temple is closely related to Wangfu cloud, a cloud

in Cangshan Mountain. The legend of wangfuyun is a household name in Dali. Here

is a brief introduction to the legend of Wangfu cloud.

It is said that the king of Nanzhao had a smart and beautiful princess. She

met a young and handsome hunter at the grand meeting of "around the three

spirits". They loved each other and secretly made a lifelong commitment. The

princess confided her true feelings to her father and asked for permission.

After hearing this, the king was very angry and put the princess in the deep

palace. The princess was very sad. She was depressed all day and didn't think

about food and tea. She was looking forward to the hunter to help her out. The

princess asked her maid to go to Cangshan to find the hunter and tell her

situation and miss. The hunter was very worried when he heard about it, but the

princess was imprisoned in the deep palace, so he couldn't get close to it. He

ran wildly on Cangshan Mountain and called out the name of the princess. Their

pure love moved the mountain god. The mountain god gave the hunter a pair of

wings. With wings, the hunter flew into the palace quietly and took the princess

out of the palace wall. Here, Nanzhao King couldn't find his daughter. He was

angry and anxious. He invited master Luo Quan from Haidong. Master Luo Quan used

the sky mirror to show that the princess was in the cave of Yuju peak, and he

used the poison of snow to threaten the princess to return to the palace. The

hunter ventured to fly to LUOQUAN temple and stole master LUOQUAN's eight

treasures cassock to protect the princess from the cold. When he flew over Erhai

Lake, the hateful master LUOQUAN knocked him down into Erhai Lake and turned him

into a rock - a stone mule. When the princess heard the news, she died of

sadness. After the death of the princess, her essence turns into a white cloud.

Every year in the severe winter, the white cloud rises to the top of Yuju peak

and looks out at Erhai Lake. As soon as this white cloud appears, the Erhai sea

will be windy and the waves will not stop until the stone mule on the bottom of

the sea appears. It is said that at this time, the princess wants to blow away

the sea and have a look at the lover on the bottom of the sea. However, it is

true that once Wangfu cloud appears, even on a fine day, it will suddenly be

windy and stormy, so fishing boats will not be able to travel on the sea.

Therefore, local fishermen also call Wangfu cloud "no ferry cloud", which means

no ferry.

In fact, Wangfu cloud is just a meteorological cloud. It usually appears in

sunny days in winter and spring, and is formed by the high-speed flow of air.

This is related to the special geographical location of Erhai Lake in Cangshan

and the steep mountain of Yuju peak. Its appearance indicates the coming of dry

and strong monsoon in India. It is an alarm for safe navigation of ships in

Erhai Lake. Stone mule is a reef in Erhai Lake, which is also called Dinghai

pile. Now this reef has been exposed to the sea and used as a navigation mark by

boatman. But the imaginative Bai people gave it such a moving legend, which

naturally linked wangfuyun, the reef on the sea and LUOQUAN temple. To turn a

cloud, a stone and a temple into a vivid, vivid and substantial beauty also

makes Wangfu cloud more magical and interesting in everyone's mind.

In front of us, the exquisite Island you can see is little Putuo, the

smallest but most famous island in Erhai Lake. In Erhai Lake, little Putuo can

be said to be a "pocket island". Although the island is small, it is well-known,

and it is indispensable in the picture books that introduce Dali.

Xiaoputuo is only more than 200 meters in circumference. It is composed of

limestone and covers a total area of about 70 square meters. Why is it called

little Putuo? Putuo is the abbreviation of putuoluojia mountain in Sanskrit,

which means little white flower mountain or little flower tree mountain. It is

said that it is the place where Guanyin practices in India. Therefore, most of

the holy places of Guanyin are called Putuo Mountain. For example, Putuo

Mountain in Zhejiang Province, one of the four famous Buddhist mountains in

China, is named "little Putuo" because its appearance is more like the legendary

Taoist temple of Guanyin, but its scale and terrain are relatively small.

From a distance, little Putuo looks like a natural bonsai in Erhai Lake. It

is said that when Guanyin came to Dali, she saw the beautiful scenery, pleasant

climate, hardworking and kind-hearted Bai people. She loved this land very much.

In addition, she also saw that there were many dragons in Erhai Lake, which

often caused violent waves. So she put a Zhenhai seal in Erhai Lake, hoping that

it would always keep Dali safe. This reef is the seal used by Guanyin

Bodhisattva to suppress Jiaolong. Therefore, "little Putuo" is also known as

"Haiyin", so the nearby fishing village is also named "Haiyin village".

Xiaoputuo is a scenic spot with beautiful scenery in Erhai, and also a

place with rich Buddhist culture. It was probably during the reign of Chongzhen

in the Ming Dynasty that fishermen nearby donated money to build this two-story

Pavilion on the island. The pavilion below is dedicated to Dadu Maitreya, and

the pavilion above is dedicated to Guanyin. Dali Buddhism has a remarkable

feature, that is, it is close to Bodhisattva rather than Buddha. Therefore, most

of the Bai people in Dali worship Guanyin in temples. There are male and female

faces in Guanyin, and the female one is offered in little Putuo of Erhai Lake.

This is the obvious difference between Dali and Hinayana Buddhism in

Xishuangbanna and Dehong.

In the eyes of Bai people, little Putuo is the most spiritual island. Every

Spring Festival or any happy event, the Bai people in the nearby villages have

to go to little Putuo for sacrifice to celebrate or for peace. Every time the

bride and groom get married, the groom will take the bride around the Island

three times in a boat, hoping that little Putuo can bring them: Happiness and

auspiciousness.

Today, all of you come to Dali from afar to feel the history, culture,

customs and people's feelings here. We also hope that little Putuo can bring you

happiness and peace.

大家好，欢迎各位来到“五朵金花”的故乡一大理。现在我们的游船正行驶在洱海的泄水河道――西洱河之上。游船的航行方向是由西向东的，再往前行，大家便可以看到烟波浩淼的洱海了。洱海因气势如海而形状如人的耳朵而得名，是由于地壳运动而形成的断层湖。她是我们云南省的第二大高原淡水湖，在古代文献中曾被称为：叶榆泽”、“昆弥川”水面海拔1972米左右，北起洱源县江尾乡，南止于大理市下关镇，形如一弯新月，南北长41.5公里，东西宽3到9公里，平圪水深105米，最深处达20.5米。

洱海的水域辽阔，周长为116公里，面积约为251平方公里。洱海属澜沧口水系，北有弥苴河注入;东汇波罗江，西纳苍山十八溪水，此外.海底断层中还不断有潜水涌出，因而形成永不枯竭的湖泊，水原丰富，汇水面积2565平方公里，平均容水量为28.2亿立方米，湖水从西洱河流出，与漾濞江汇合后注入澜沧江，最后注入太平洋，由于洱海水的流入与流出，使得洱海水质优良，适于各种鱼、虾以及贝类的繁殖与生长，同时，也使得洱海有着丰富的水产资源。现在我们的游船已经行驶在碧波荡漾的洱海了。被誉为“高原明珠”的洱海，是大理风景区的主要风景资源，也是白族祖先最主要的发祥地。

迄今为止，在洱海及其周围的山坡台地上所发现的新石器时代遗址共达30多处。海东金梭岛就是一个著名的新石器遗址：最近又发现双廊玉几岛也是新石器时代和青铜器时代的重要遗址，除了出土大量生产生活用的石器、陶器之外，还有青铜器山字形格剑、铜柄铁刃剑，以及铸造这些兵器的陶范。由此可以推断：它或许还是古代白族先民冶炼铸造青铜器直至铁器时代的生产基地。在这里每个时代都有历史的遗留，我们似乎可以听到白族祖先从远古一步步走向文明时代的足音。因此，也可以说：洱海是白族的摇篮。

现在我们的游船路过的是观音阁，观音阁在大家的导游图中标的名孛叫天镜阁，古时候称作罗荃寺;这罗荃寺，与我们苍山的.一朵云――望夫云有着密切的联系。望夫云的传说，在我们大理，可以说是家喻户晓，人人皆知了。在这儿呢，简单的给大家介绍一下望夫云的传说。相传，南诏国王有一个聪明美丽的公主，她在“绕三灵”的盛会上，遇见了一位年轻英俊的猎人，两人互相爱慕，暗订了终身。公主向父王吐露真情，请求答应这门婚事，国王听后，非常气愤，把公主关进深宫。公主伤心极了，整天闷闷不乐，不思茶饭，盼着猎人来救她出去。公主让贴身侍女去苍山找到猎人，转告自己的处境和思念之情。猎人得知后，非常着急，但公主禁锢深宫，他无法接近。他在苍山上狂奔，高声呼唤着公主的名字，他们纯洁的爱情感动了山神，山神送给猎人一对翅膀，猎人有了翅膀，便悄悄飞进王宫，带着公主从宫墙飞了出来。这里，南诏王找不到女儿，又气又急，请来了海东的罗荃法师。罗荃法师用天镜照出来公主正在玉局峰的岩洞里，就作法用大雪封山的毒计来威胁公主回宫。猎人冒险飞到罗荃寺偷来了罗荃法师的八宝袈裟，准备给公主御寒，当他飞到洱海上空时，可恶的罗荃法师将他打落到洱海中，把他变成一块礁石――石骡子。公主在玉局峰上久盼丈夫不归，当她听到这个消息后，就悲哀忧郁而死。公主死了之后，她的精气变成一朵白云，每年到了严冬腊月时，这朵白云就升到玉局峰的顶上向洱海眺望。而这朵白云一出现，洱海上就会狂风大作，一直要到现出海底的石骡子，风浪才会停止。据说这个时侯就是公主要把海水吹开，看一看海底的情人。不过确实，一旦望夫云出现，即使是再好的晴天，顿时也会狂风大作，惊涛骇浪，所以渔船也就不能够在海上行驶了，所以，当地的渔民也把望夫云称为“无渡云”，也就是不能渡船的意思。其实望夫云只是一朵气象云而已，它一般出现在冬春时节比较晴朗的日子里，是由于空气的高速流动而形成的。这与苍山洱海的特殊地理位置以及玉局峰的山势陡峭有关。它的出现，预示着印度大陆干燥强烈季风的来临，它是洱海船只安全航行的报警器。石骡子则是洱海中的一块暗礁，民间也称它为定海桩，现在这块礁石已经露出海面，被船家当作航标。但是富于想象力的白族人民赋予了它那么动人的一个传说，使得望夫云、海上的礁石，以及罗荃寺很自然的联系到了一起。把一云、一石、一寺变成为生动、形象、实体的美，也使得望夫云在大家的心目当中变得更加神奇，也更加有趣了。

在我们的前方，大家所能看到的这个玲珑剔透的小岛，就是洱海中最小但又最负盛名的岛屿一小普陀了，在洱海里，小普陀可以说是“袖珍小岛”。岛虽然小，但名气很大，在介绍大理的画册中少不了有它。小普陀周长只有200多米，全由石灰岩构成，总面积约有七十平方公尺。这里为什么叫小普陀呢?普陀是梵文普陀珞伽山的缩写，意思是小白花山或小花树山，传说是观音在印度修行的地方。因此，凡是传说中观音显圣地大都称为普陀山。比如我国四大佛教名山之一的浙江普陀山就是由于小普陀的外形比较像传说中观音的道场，但又因为它的规模和地形都比较小，所以得名“小普陀”。

列位伴侣：

各人好!游览了大理古城，起源感觉了此地人文景观的艰深；此刻我们去抚玩苍山洱海，明确大理的山川之美。

起首，我们乘游艇去洱海公园。洱海公园又名团山公园，位于下关城区东北2公里处的团山。它北临碧波万顷的洱海，西与苍山南端的夕阳峰相对。南诏国时，这里是国王的鹿苑。1976年这里新辟为公园，占地1600余亩。山上有动物园和苗圃花坛，广植大理地域的各类名花异卉，是一个很好的休憩游览之地。

此刻游船已到洱海公园临海长堤，我们离船登陆，这是团山脚下的滨海游览区沿着270多级石阶拾级而上，我们达到山顶。各人看，这翘角飞檐的楼阁是望海楼，檐下悬匾，上书：玉洱银苍”，黑底金字，苍劲古雅，它是中国慕名画家吴作人的手笔。望海楼是明确“玉洱银苍”的佳境，凭栏远眺：东边洱海众多，一碧万顷，西边苍山联贯，莽莽苍苍。

列位伴侣，让我们再次登船，到洱海中去飞舞。但我先要向各人先容是却是苍山。先前，我们在大理城，在苍山脚下的公路上，没能很好地打量苍山雄姿。正如昔人所说“不识庐山真脸孔，只缘身在此山中”；在洱海公园望海楼，视角偏斜，也只能看到苍山结尾。此刻，跟着游船不绝前行，我们眼中的苍山是不是更真切些?有人说，横断山脉像一只巨臂，从“天下屋脊”西藏高原向南伸到了云南西部，苍山就是这支天下闻名山脉中云岭的一个分支。

苍山，又名点苍山，因其山色苍翠，山极点白而得名。苍山共有十九峰。这十九峰从北至南的次序是：云弄、沧浪、五台、莲花、白云、鹤云、三阳、兰峰、雪人、应乐、观音、中和、龙泉、玉局、马龙、圣应、佛顶、马耳、夕阳。十九峰中，马龙峰最高，海拔4122米。苍山十九峰，两峰夹一溪，一共十八溪；溪水东流、注入洱海，十八溪由北向南，基分列为：霞移、万花、阳溪、芒涌、锦溪、灵泉、白石、双鸳、隐仙、梅溪、桃溪、中溪、绿玉、龙溪、清碧、莫残、葶蓂、阳南。

苍山景致以雪、云、泉石而著称。我先向各人先容苍山的雪。经夏不用的苍山雪，是大理“风花雪月”四台甫景之最。皑皑苍山雪，历代文书生赞辞颇多，民间传说也不少。明代文学家李元阳曾歌咏：“日丽苍山雪，瑶台十九峰”。

苍山的云更是名传遐迩。云聚云散，偶然淡如轻烟，偶然浓如泼墨。在幻化多姿的云景中，最神奇的是“望夫云”和“玉带云”。所谓“望夫云”是指每当冬春时节，苍山玉局峰顶常会呈现一朵孑立的云，忽志忽落，上下飘动，若盼若顾。怪异之处在于它一呈现，点苍山便骤起狂风，刮向洱海。所谓“玉带云”，是指每当夏末秋初，雨后初晴，苍山十九峰半山间每每会呈现白云朵朵，云朵聚汇，逐步拉开，宛若皎洁的玉带横束苍翠的山腰。联贯数十里，竟日不用散。奇奥的是，“玉带云”会预兆农业丰收：它呈现次数多，昔时就风调雨顺。内地白族有农谚：“苍山系玉带，饿狗吃白米”。

苍山的泉也很著名。十九峰中海拔在3800米以上的峰顶有不少高山冰碛湖泊，这是第四纪冰川留下来的。尚有那十八溪的溪水，飞瀑叠泉，四序奔泻，在清纯甘甜泉水的滋养下，苍山布满朝气。冰碛湖畔，密布着原始丛林和很多珍奇林木、奇特花草，出格应汇报各人的是，苍山的花草早就芳名远播，并且它还使苍山名扬四海。美国传授罗·兰开斯特曾说：“在美国有100多万知道中国云南的大理苍山，由于他们都种有很多瑰丽的大理苍山的杜鹃花。”

苍山的石，驰名中外。郭沫如有《咏大理石》诗：“三塔矜高古，顺思贞观年。苍山韵风月，奇石吐云烟。相在气度外，凉生肘腋间。天功人力代，外洋竞珍传。”

苍山孕育了大理石，大理石就是苍山的魂。这种锦绣的奇石，天下很多处所都有，独大理的最奇美，且开民得早，因此，全天下凡此奇石均称为“大理石”，“大理”也因石而名扬全国。

列位伴侣，我们的游船正在前行，此刻应该向各人先容这碧波万顷的洱海自己了。

洱海，古称昆明池、洱河、叶榆泽等；因其状似人耳，故名洱海。它南北长42公里，对象宽3-9公里，湖岸线长117公里，面积250多平方公里；均匀水深10.5米，最深21.5米，蓄水量28.8亿立方米，面积与蓄水量均列云南湖泊第二，在世界淡水湖中居第七位。

洱海南有弥苴河等注入，西纳苍山十八溪水，东汇波罗江、挖色河、南面的西洱河是惟一出海口，经漾濞红绕入澜沧江。洱海属结构湖，湖岸对象多崖壁，北西南三面为沙洲。

各人看，洱海水深清亮，宛若无瑕的美玉，奇丽无比，它正以辽阔的胸怀接待列位来自远方的宾朋。洱海是中国闻名的高原湖泊，早在汉代它已名载史册。

“洱海月”是大理四台甫景之一。假如在夏历十五月明之夜泛舟洱海，其月分外的亮、分外的圆，其景令民气醉：水中，月圆如轮，浮光摇金；天空，玉镜高悬，清辉灿灿，从洱海中浴出。看着，看着，水天辉映，你竟分不清是天月掉海，照旧海月升天。洱海月为什么云云豁亮?

科学的结论是：

一、洱海水质出格纯净，透明度相等高，其反光极强；

二、洱海海面尘土较少，氛围清爽，使得水天相映，月光越发豁亮。另外，洱海月之闻名，还在于皎洁无瑕的苍山雪反照在洱海中，与不染纤尘的洱海月交相辉映，组成银苍玉洱的一大异景。

与苍山雪、洱海月相连的大理四台甫景尚有上关花、下关风。洱海和苍山之间的坝子，四川导游词，是一个狭长形的冲积平原。南诏国时，在这一狭长地带北南双方各筑一座小城，把守要冲，守卫王都的安详。北边的称龙首关，又称上关；南方的称龙尾关，即今下关。所谓上关花，是指上关“十里香奇树”，此花原在上关沙坪街的和山寺内，其花大如莲，年开数百朵，香气溢四方，花开时节，观者如云。又因此树功效壳坚，可做朝珠，故花又称“朝珠花”。其后，此花绝迹了。前些年，听说有人在苍山丛林中又找到了它。下关风指西洱河谷吹入下关的风，终年不止，尤以冬春为盛，你一进入下关就可以感想下关风的存在。它险些天天都以怒号，扫街穿巷，撩衣揭帽，使下关了获得了“风城”的雅号。

大理的风花雪月四台甫景，有小诗一首将其串在一路，便于影象，亦颇有情趣：下关风，上关花，下关风吹上关花；苍山雪，洱海月，洱海月照苍山雪。说到这里，请列位看一看我们白族女人的绣花包头。你可别鄙视它，它浮现了大理四台甫景。请看：轻风吹来，耳边洁白的缨穗随风飘飘洒洒，显现了下关的风；包头上烂漫多彩的花朵，代表了上关的花；顶端这白茸茸的丝头，远远看去就像苍山的雪；整个包头的外形就如洱海上的弯月一样的明丽感人。

各位朋友：

大家好！游览了大理古城，初步感受了此地人文景观的深邃；现在我们去观赏苍山洱海，领略大理的山水之美。

首先，我们乘游艇去洱海公园。洱海公园又名团山公园，位于下关城区东北2公里处的团山。它北临碧波万顷的洱海，西与苍山南端的斜阳峰相对。南诏国时，这里是国王的鹿苑。1976年这里新辟为公园，占地1600余亩。山上有动物园和苗圃花坛，广植大理地区的各种名花异卉，是一个很好的休憩游览之地。现在游船已到洱海公园临海长堤，我们离船上岸，这是团山脚下的滨海游览区沿着270多级石阶拾级而上，我们到达山顶。大家看，这翘角飞檐的楼阁是望海楼，檐下悬匾，上书：玉洱银苍”，黑底金字，苍劲古雅，它是中国慕名画家吴作人的手笔。望海楼是领略“玉洱银苍”的佳境，凭栏远眺：东边洱海浩瀚，一碧万顷，西边苍山绵延，莽莽苍苍。各位朋友，让我们再次登船，到洱海中去遨游。但我先要向大家介绍是却是苍山。先前，我们在大理城，在苍山脚下的公路上，没能很好地端详苍山雄姿。正如古人所说“不识庐山真面目，只缘身在此山中”；在洱海公园望海楼，视角偏斜，也只能看到苍山末端。现在，随着游船不断前行，我们眼中的苍山是不是更真切些？有人说，横断山脉像一只巨臂，从“世界屋脊”西藏高原向南伸到了云南西部，苍山就是这支世界著名山脉中云岭的一个分支。

苍山，又名点苍山，因其山色苍翠，山顶点白而得名。苍山共有十九峰。这十九峰从北至南的顺序是：云弄、沧浪、五台、莲花、白云、鹤云、三阳、兰峰、雪人、应乐、观音、中和、龙泉、玉局、马龙、圣应、佛顶、马耳、斜阳。十九峰中，马龙峰最高，海拔4122米。苍山十九峰，两峰夹一溪，一共十八溪；溪水东流、注入洱海，十八溪由北向南，基排列为：霞移、万花、阳溪、芒涌、锦溪、灵泉、白石、双鸳、隐仙、梅溪、桃溪、中溪、绿玉、龙溪、清碧、莫残、葶蓂、阳南。

苍山景色以雪、云、泉石而著称。我先向大家介绍苍山的雪。经夏不消的苍山雪，是大理“风花雪月”四大名景之最。皑皑苍山雪，历代文墨客赞辞颇多，民间传说也不少。明代文学家李元阳曾赞美：“日丽苍山雪，瑶台十九峰”。苍山的云更是名传遐迩。云聚云散，有时淡如轻烟，有时浓如泼墨。在变幻多姿的云景中，最神奇的是“望夫云”和“玉带云”。所谓“望夫云”是指每当冬春时节，苍山玉局峰顶常会出现一朵孤单的云，忽志忽落，上下飘动，若盼若顾。奇特之处在于它一出现，点苍山便骤起暴风，刮向洱海。所谓“玉带云”，是指每当夏末秋初，雨后初晴，苍山十九峰半山间往往会出现白云朵朵，云朵聚汇，慢慢拉开，宛若洁白的玉带横束苍翠的山腰。绵延数十里，竟日不消散。奇妙的是，“玉带云”会预兆农业丰收：它出现次数多，当年就风调雨顺。当地白族有农谚：“苍山系玉带，饿狗吃白米”。

苍山的泉也很有名。十九峰中海拔在3800米以上的峰顶有不少高山冰碛湖泊，这是第四纪冰川留下来的。还有那十八溪的溪水，飞瀑叠泉，四季奔泻，在清纯甘甜泉水的滋养下，苍山充满生机。冰碛湖畔，密布着原始森林和许多珍奇林木、奇异花卉，特别应告诉大家的是，苍山的花卉早就芳名远播，而且它还使

苍山名扬四海。美国教授罗·兰开斯特曾说：“在美国有100多万知道中国云南的大理苍山，因为他们都种有许多美丽的大理苍山的杜鹃花。”

苍山的石，驰名中外。郭沫若有《咏大理石》诗：“三塔矜高古，顺思贞观年。苍山韵风月，奇石吐云烟。相在心胸外，凉生肘腋间。天功人力代，海外竞珍传。”

苍山孕育了大理石，大理石就是苍山的魂。这种瑰丽的奇石，世界许多地方都有，独大理的最奇美，且开民得早，因此，全世界凡此奇石均称为“大理石”，“大理”也因石而名扬天下。

各位朋友，我们的游船正在前行，现在应该向大家介绍这碧波万顷的洱海本身了。

洱海，古称昆明池、洱河、叶榆泽等；因其状似人耳，故名洱海。它南北长42公里，东西宽3—9公里，湖岸线长117公里，面积250多平方公里；平均水深10.5米，最深21.5米，蓄水量28.8亿立方米，面积与蓄水量均列云南湖泊第二，在全国淡水湖中居第七位。

洱海南有弥苴河等注入，西纳苍山十八溪水，东汇波罗江、挖色河、南面的西洱河是惟一出海口，经漾濞红绕入澜沧江。洱海属构造湖，湖岸东西多崖壁，北西南三面为沙洲。

大家看，洱海水深清澈，宛若无瑕的美玉，秀丽无比，它正以广阔的胸怀欢迎各位来自远方的宾朋。洱海是中国著名的高原湖泊，早在汉代它已名载史册。“洱海月”是大理四大名景之一。如果在农历十五月明之夜泛舟洱海，其月格外的亮、格外的圆，其景令人心醉：水中，月圆如轮，浮光摇金；天空，玉镜高悬，清辉灿灿，从洱海中浴出。看着，看着，水天辉映，你竟分不清是天月掉海，还是海月升天。洱海月为什么如此明亮？科学的结论是：

一、洱海水质特别纯净，透明度相当高，其反光极强；

二、洱海海面尘埃较少，空气清新，使得水天相映，月光更加明亮。此外，洱海月之著名，还在于洁白无瑕的苍山雪倒映在洱海中，与冰清玉洁的洱海月交相辉映，构成银苍玉洱的一大奇观。

与苍山雪、洱海月相连的大理四大名景还有上关花、下关风。洱海和苍山之间的坝子，是一个狭长形的冲积平原。南诏国时，在这一狭长地带北南两边各筑一座小城，扼守要冲，保卫王都的安全。北边的称龙首关，又称上关；南边的称龙尾关，即今下关。所谓上关花，是指上关“十里香奇树”，此花原在上关沙坪街的和山寺内，其花大如莲，年开数百朵，香气溢四方，花开时节，观者如云。又因此树结果壳坚，可做朝珠，故花又称“朝珠花”。后来，此花绝迹了。前些年，据说有人在苍山森林中又找到了它。下关风指西洱河谷吹入下关的风，终年不止，尤以冬春为盛，你一进入下关就可以感到下关风的存在。它几乎每天都以怒号，扫街穿巷，撩衣揭帽，使下关了得到了“风城”的雅号。

大理的风花雪月四大名景，有小诗一首将其串在一起，便于记忆，亦颇有情趣：下关风，上关花，下关风吹上关花；苍山雪，洱海月，洱海月照苍山雪。说到这里，请各位看一看我们白族姑娘的绣花包头。你可别小看它，它体现了大理四大名景。请看：微风吹来，耳边雪白的缨穗随风飘飘洒洒，显现了下关的风；包头上绚丽多彩的花朵，代表了上关的花；顶端这白茸茸的丝头，远远看去就像苍山的雪；整个包头的形状就如洱海上的弯月一样的明丽动人。

六月的阳光多么的明丽，明丽的阳光带我们来到同心玩耍。是这样：爸爸这几天从学校拿来了照相机，为我们拍照相。爸爸组织着我们今天去同心玩耍。下午，我们骑上了摩托车走在去同心的路上。

一路上，我的心情好极了，这时我忽然看见一片蓝色海洋，海风吹着我的身体，舒适极了，海风仿佛吹进了我的心，吹掉了我心里的一切不高兴。

很快我们来到了诗苑，我们刚走进诗苑，我还没走两步，我就来到了大门口，我就想：唉!在这里照张相那该多好，所以我就赶忙喊：“爸爸，快来给我照张相。”爸爸赶忙过来咔嚓的一声给我照了张像。接着我们继续向前走，这时我发现有一个山石，正好有一个能够让我做得东西，我坐上以后，爸爸就过来给我照了张相。我们这时向有海水的中央跑去，来到海水的旁边，我就想：何不和大海合影呢。我就摆好了姿态准备照相。爸爸过来以后又给我照了一张相。

这时我们来到了有亭子的中央，大家一见这是个好中央就纷繁的准备起来，你看姐姐姿态那么一摆美观极了，弟弟也在妈妈的怀里摆了一个姿态。我也开端准备，我这时忽然看见了一只石头做的鹅。我想在它的什么一骑，多么的威风，多么的气度。我就骑到了那个鹅的上面。爸爸过来给我照了一张照片。姐姐过来在旁边的小鱼上照了张照片。

接下来我们来到清真大寺，由于时间不够所以我们就匆匆的做了几张照片。

这时爸爸带我们来到了一个中央，有两条轮船，我十分的想做上轮船体验体验做轮船的滋味，可是，开轮船的人没有在。所以我们没有座轮船。

今天真是有喜有忧，不论忧有几，我也很快乐。

我去过碧波盈盈的西湖，还去过风平浪静的如意湖，可让我最流连忘返的只有那风景如圣的三亚了。

那天，我和妈妈坐着飞机去海南，那是我第一次坐飞机，紧张的不得了，双手紧紧的拉住妈妈温暖的大手，没过多久，飞机就起飞了，轮子神不知，鬼不觉的收回了”肚子“里，飞机很快到了云层上方，我在飞机上期盼着快点到三亚。

我们来到了海南机场，坐着车来到三亚市。到了三亚市，已经是中午了，太阳光照射着大地，大地火辣辣的，差不多都可以煎鸡蛋了。我们先去了事先预定好的假日酒店，吃了午饭，再去特色景点玩。

下午，我们来到了亚龙湾，首先引入我眼帘的是那蔚蓝色的大海，它们浑然一体，海天一色。金红色的太阳照射着金色的`海滩，我赤足走在那软绵绵的沙滩上玩耍，嬉戏。冷不丁的有几粒沙子从我脚底缝冒出来，舒服极了。我看见沙滩上有许许多多的贝壳;大大小小，扁的，心形的······各种各样，你想看见什么，就有什么。沙滩上还有很多小朋友的身影，他们都在沙子里抓来抓去，走去一看便知道，他们是寄居蟹爱好者，都在专心致志的捉着寄居蟹。时而还有几个小朋友的尖叫声，是怎么回是，不用想就知道，肯定是被大一点的寄居蟹夹到手了呗。不知不觉中，我来到了刻有”天涯海角“四个大字的石头，那里有很多人在拍照，我们也拍了几张，天色慢慢变黑，我依依不舍的回酒店了。

第二天，我又去海边娱乐场游玩，而且还潜水到海底深处看见了珊瑚和好多种海鱼，我喂它们食物，与鱼儿嬉闹，却抓不住狡猾的游泳健将之鱼，有些鱼儿还亲吻了我的腿。潜水时我的耳膜虽然有些胀胀的不适感，但看见了美丽的海底风景，非常开心，还是有很大收获的。在海边的几天里我天天都要在海水里游几次泳，特别是天然冲浪的起伏感觉让我无比快乐。望着海天一色的蓝，感觉心胸非常开阔，真是太美了。

三亚的海面是碧蓝碧蓝的颜色，海水有时波涛汹涌，有时犹如平镜，真让人难以琢磨，流连忘返啊!

大理洋人街位于大理古城护国路，西起滇藏公路。 在古城，大理洋人街原名"护国路"，意为民国初云南人民反对袁世凯称帝，起兵护国而得名。护国路东西走向，长1000米，宽7米，青石板铺面，西起滇藏公路，交博爱，复兴等主要街道。

为了适应开放旅游的需要，把大理古城定为开放旅游的主要景点，红山茶宾馆定为涉外宾馆，红山茶宾馆在古城护国路西段，由此，护国路便成为外国游客在大理的集散地。随着旅游业的发展，游客日渐增多，外宾云集，有休闲游览的，有品尝名食的，有打工、找女朋友的，各施所好，热闹祥和。中西风味店、茗茶坐、珠宝店、古董店、扎染店、画廊，各行各业随之兴起，铺面林立两侧，满目琳琅，目不暇接，成为中外有名的大理洋人街。

近年来，每年有外国友人前来大理游览观光的4万余人次，他们在大理的活动以洋人街为中心的同时，已发展到博爱路、复兴路等整个大理古城，以及喜洲、周城、夏关和鸡足山、石宝山、巍宝山等全州的著名旅游景点。

如今大理古城护国路的名字在外国有些图纸上，早已真称为"洋人街"了。可见大理洋人街，已驰名世界，成为外国友人向往的地方和他们旅居大理的温馨家园。在这里，人们可以品尝非常地道的"西点"，诸如罗宋汤、色拉、比萨……手艺绝对一流。我们此次到大理便是寻着刚出炉的巧克力蛋糕的香气到了"洋人街"。这是白族老板不失时机聘请前来就餐的外国人亲自下厨，手把手教他们各国烹饪技术的结果。这条长约百米的窄巷长期居住着上百欧美游者，很多都是旅游到古城，便再也舍不得离开了。我们在"洋人街"恰巧碰上一个德国旅游者，他很兴奋地对我说，他已经是三度游大理古城，此番到来便要长住下去，娶一位善良贤能的白族姑娘为妻，与大理的风花雪月长相伴。

仔细走了古城的大街小巷，终于明白了"洋人街"兴盛的秘密。大理古城布局是明、清以来的棋盘式方格网，有九街十八巷。"洋人街"是其中笔直贯穿东西的小街之一。白族传统建筑在大理的其他地方正逐渐消失，但在"洋人街"却被悉心保存下来，作了别有风情的茶楼食肆。这里每家小楼小院都可谓白族的精品建筑;三坊一照壁、四合五天井，越过照壁、穿过每一廊坊都觉得别有洞天;白墙青瓦矮围栏，院门有檐有顶，而且是双横梁、四角飞檐的，梁上还饰以景致的水墨画;房屋的窗棂门栏都用雕花木格子。白族人的审美偏向精致秀丽，在这里，甚至从汉族地区传来的平顶砖房，都以青砖、红砖相配，调出悦目的图案来。吧橱、桌椅、沙发要么一色红木所制，要么青竹，要么绿藤，吊灯一般用竹篾编织的鱼篓或簸箕做装饰，墙壁上点缀有白族特有的蜡染和扎染布艺。如眼只觉调和舒畅。还有些地方布置成为小小的画廊，虽然不一定都是艺术精品，但主人的审美感受洋溢其中，使人不敢造次。

有个名为"樱花园"的地方，经常举办各类小型画展，我们去的时候，黑泽明创作的《乱》、《罗生门》、《梦》等电影效果图刚刚拆下，换上了女主人自己独特视角的一些作品。屋内没有一般茶室的喧嚣，而完全是艺术沙龙的氛围。在这些小楼小院之中，随处可见全国各地游者或金发碧眼的人，他们或读书休憩、或娱乐闲聊，他们自己解释说："爱这里的美呗，怎么都觉得舒畅。" 旅游者到了大理"洋人街"，除了欣赏白族建筑的灵秀，体会白族金花的善解人意品尝可口的西餐，同时也领略到白族传统文化与西方现代性的完美交融。

大家好!游览了大理古城，初步感受了此地人文景观的深邃;现在我们去观赏苍山洱海，领略大理的山水之美。

首先，我们乘游艇去洱海公园。洱海公园又名团山公园，位于下关城区东北2公里处的团山。它北临碧波万顷的洱海，西与苍山南端的斜阳峰相对。南诏国时，这里竖王的鹿苑。1976年这里新辟为公园，占地1600余亩。山上有动物园和苗圃花坛，广植大理地区的各种名花异卉，是一个很好的休憩游览之地。

现在游船已到洱海公园临海长堤，我们离船上岸，这是团山脚下的滨海游览区沿着270多级石阶拾级而上，我们到达山顶。大家看，这翘角飞檐的楼阁是望海楼，檐下悬匾，上书：玉洱银苍”，黑底金字，苍劲古雅，它是中国慕名画家吴作人的手笔。望海楼是领略“玉洱银苍”的佳境，凭栏远眺：东边洱海浩瀚，一碧万顷，西边苍山绵延，莽莽苍苍。

各位朋友，让我们再次登船，到洱海中去遨游。但我先要向大家介绍是却是苍山。先前，我们在大理城，在苍山脚下的公路上，没能很好地端详苍山雄姿。正如古人所说“不识庐山真面目，只缘身在此山中”;在洱海公园望海楼，视角偏斜，也只能看到苍山末端。现在，随着游船不断前行，我们眼中的苍山是不是更真切些?有人说，横断山脉像一只巨臂，从“世界屋脊”高原向南伸到了云南西部，苍山就是这支世界著名山脉中云岭的一个分支。

苍山，又名点苍山，因其山色苍翠，山顶点白而得名。苍山共有十九峰。这十九峰从北至南的顺序是：云弄、沧浪、五台、莲花、白云、鹤云、三阳、兰峰、雪人、应乐、观音、中和、龙泉、玉局、马龙、圣应、佛顶、马耳、斜阳。十九峰中，马龙峰最高，海拔4122米。苍山十九峰，两峰夹一溪，一共十八溪;溪水东流、注入洱海，十八溪由北向南，基排列为：霞移、万花、阳溪、芒涌、锦溪、灵泉、白石、双鸳、隐仙、梅溪、桃溪、中溪、绿玉、龙溪、清碧、莫残、葶蓂、阳南。

苍山景色以雪、云、泉石而著称。我先向大家介绍苍山的雪。经夏不消的苍山雪，是大理“风花雪月”四大名景之最。皑皑苍山雪，历代文墨客赞辞颇多， 民间传说也不少。明代文学家李元阳曾赞美：“日丽苍山雪，瑶台十九峰”。

苍山的云更是名传遐迩。云聚云散，有时淡如轻烟，有时浓如泼墨。在变幻多姿的云景中，最神奇的是“望夫云”和“玉带云”。所谓“望夫云”是指每当冬春时节，苍山玉局峰顶常会出现一朵孤单的云，忽志忽落，上下飘动，若盼若顾。奇特之处在于它一出现，点苍山便骤起暴风，刮向洱海。所谓“玉带云”，是指每当夏末秋初，雨后初晴，苍山十九峰半山间往往会出现白云朵朵，云朵聚汇，慢慢拉开，宛若洁白的玉带横束苍翠的山腰。绵延数十里，竟日不消散。奇妙的是，“玉带云”会预兆农业丰收：它出现次数多，当年就风调雨顺。当地白族有农谚：“苍山系玉带，饿狗吃白米”。

苍山的泉也很有名。十九峰中海拔在3800米以上的峰顶有不少高山冰碛湖泊，这是第四纪冰川留下来的。还有那十八溪的溪水，飞瀑叠泉，四季奔泻，在清纯甘甜泉水的滋养下，苍山充满生机。冰碛湖畔，密布着原始森林和许多珍奇林木、奇异花卉，特别应告诉大家的是，苍山的花卉早就芳名远播，而且它还使苍山名扬四海。美国教授罗·兰开斯特曾说：“在美国有100多万知道中国云南的大理苍山，因为他们都种有许多美丽的大理苍山的杜鹃花。”

苍山的石，驰名中外。郭沫若有《咏大理石》诗：“三塔矜高古，顺思贞观年。苍山韵风月，奇石吐云烟。相在心胸外，凉生肘腋间。天功人力代，海外竞珍传。”

苍山孕育了大理石，大理石就是苍山的魂。这种瑰丽的奇石，世界许多地方都有，独大理的最奇美，且开民得早，因此，全世界凡此奇石均称为“大理石”，“大理”也因石而名扬天下。

各位朋友，我们的游船正在前行，现在应该向大家介绍这碧波万顷的洱海本身了。

洱海，古称昆明池、洱河、叶榆泽等;因其状似人耳，故名洱海。它南北长42公里，东西宽3-9公里，湖岸线长117公里，面积250多平方公里;平均水深10.5米，最深21.5米，蓄水量28.8亿立方米，面积与蓄水量均列云南湖泊第二，在全国淡水湖中居第七位。

洱海南有弥苴河等注入，西纳苍山十八溪水，东汇波罗江、挖色河、南面的西洱河是惟一出海口，经漾濞红绕入澜沧江。洱海属构造湖，湖岸东西多崖壁，北西南三面为沙洲。

大家看，洱海水深清澈，宛若无瑕的美玉，秀丽无比，它正以广阔的胸怀欢迎各位来自远方的宾朋。洱海是中国著名的高原湖泊，早在汉代它已名载史册。

“洱海月”是大理四大名景之一。如果在农历十五月明之夜泛舟洱海，其月格外的亮、格外的圆，其景令人心醉：水中，月圆如轮，浮光摇金;天空，玉镜高悬，清辉灿灿，从洱海中浴出。看着，看着，水天辉映，你竟分不清是天月掉海，还是海月升天。洱海月为什么如此明亮?科学的结论是：一、洱海水质特别纯净，透明度相当高，其反光极强;二、洱海海面尘埃较少，空气清新，使得水天相映，月光更加明亮。此外，洱海月之著名，还在于洁白无瑕的苍山雪倒映在洱海中，与冰清玉洁的洱海月交相辉映，构成银苍玉洱的一大奇观。

与苍山雪、洱海月相连的大理四大名景还有上关花、下关风。洱海和苍山之间的坝子，是一个狭长形的冲积平原。南诏国时，在这一狭长地带北南两边各筑一座小城，扼守要冲，保卫王都的安全。北边的称龙首关，又称上关;南边的称龙尾关，即今下关。所谓上关花，是指上关“十里香奇树”，此花原在上关沙坪街的和山寺内，其花大如莲，年开数百朵，香气溢四方，花开时节，观者如云。又因此树结果壳坚，可做朝珠，故花又称“朝珠花”。后来，此花绝迹了。前些年，据说有人在苍山森林中又找到了它。下关风指西洱河谷吹入下关的风，终年不止，尤以冬春为盛，你一进入下关就可以感到下关风的存在。它几乎每天都以怒号，扫街穿巷，撩衣揭帽，使下关了得到了“风城”的雅号。