苗寨

传说苗族的祖先蚩尤有三个儿子，岜沙人就是第三个儿子的后裔。当年蚩尤被黄帝打败，率领部落开始了向西南的千年长征。岜沙苗族的祖先就是大迁徙的先头部队——九黎部落的一支。他们开山劈路、鏖战熊罴，勇武之至。岜沙男人崇尚武力，平时身着自织的无领右开衫铜扣青布衣，直统大筒裤，青布裢，常年身挎腰刀，肩扛火枪，上山打猎，下河打鱼。爬山上树如履平地，极擅长爬山打猎，衣食住行均取之于山林河谷。他们十分重视自己身体的强壮，狩猎与耕作技术高超，还特别强调装束和身体的标志。岜沙男人非常重视他们的发髻，发髻在岜沙苗语中称为：“户棍”，是男性装束中最重要的性别标志——剃掉男性头部四周大部分的头发，仅留下中部盘发为鬏髻，并终生保持这种发式。

据说，这种装束是从蚩尤老祖时代传下来的，也是迄今为止在中国所能见到最古老的男性发式。曾有日本民族、民俗学家寻根来到黔东南，岜沙人还引起了他们浓厚的兴趣，因为日本的武士装束和岜沙人的装束几乎没有二样，所以有人认为日本人的祖先是岜沙人。岜沙妇女着装也极为精美，衣裙上古香古色的刺绣图案，配以银项圈、手镯，十分耀人眼目。岜沙人头上蓄留的发髻象征着生长在山上的树木，身上穿的青布衣服象征着那美丽的树皮。岜沙人认为，如此安然自得的生活，主要是得益于祖先选准的这块宝地，尤其是这片生于斯、养于斯的森林的荫庇。于是岜沙人对树木特别崇拜，把树木当神祭拜。岜沙人说：“人来源于自然，归于自然;生不带来一根丝，死不带走一寸木。”

从古到今，岜沙从不滥伐树木，有时不得以为之，也是局限于生活生产所需，其余概受制约。尽管321国道已于1965年修通过境，可就是从未有车敢到岜沙来拉过一车木材，村民们缺油缺盐，只是上山修剪杈枝或砍些枯树，肩挑徒步到县城去零售，从未用车拉过。岜沙绝无仅有的砍树“行动”，那还是1976年，北京修建毛主席纪念堂，全国各族人民都踊跃投工献料。怀着对主席无限敬重的岜沙人，毅然决定将寨前小山头一棵全寨视为林中大神、直径1.2米的千年香樟树敬献给毛主席纪念堂。樟树出寨时，全寨老少都跑到公路两边夹道目送，一直到尘灰已净。为志纪念，于树址处建造了一座八角纪念亭“敬献毛主席纪念堂香樟木纪念亭。”

“观西江、知天下苗寨”。

看到这个广告语，感觉所有的苗寨在它这里失去了光辉，不可否认，它引起了我的注意。尽管寒冬腊月、我还是奋不顾身的来到了这个让我魂牵梦绕的地方“西江”，从贵阳市出发，坐火车经过3小时，我来到了黔东南苗族侗族自治州地级市凯里市，车费35元。下车的第一感觉，现代化与少数民族建筑相结合都市，把我与贵阳林市文化截然分开，我迫不及待的买票从凯运司出发前往雷山县的西江镇。大概45分钟，怀着紧张的心情，我看到了，木质品的山门，上面书写着六个大字“西江千户苗寨”。我赶紧坐上电瓶车，我想去看看这个世外桃源，因为文化不同，我请了一位导游，她给我带路指导。西江是一个保存苗族“原始生态”文化完整的村寨。这里由10个依山而建的自然村寨相连成片，这里展示着苗族发展的史诗。

听说在西氏族迁移来之前，这里居住着的是苗族的“赏”氏族，犹豫战乱原因，西氏族迁移至此，“江”的“西”是指西氏族，而在苗语中“江”通“讨”，意思是西氏族向“赏”氏族讨来的地方，因而得名。说到苗族首先我们想的的会是蚩尤，三苗，九黎，楚蛮，武陵蛮等等。不错，苗族支系众多，根据《林荫记》这里是蚩尤的直系后代。进入村寨，我看到这里的人身穿长袍，包头巾头帕，而且是黑色的，有人给我说这里是“黑苗”也就是“长裙苗”。一眼望去，我看见白水河穿寨而过，河面上有一座风雨桥，是用于关风蓄气，挡风摭雨，现在人用于乘凉。除了风雨桥，就是“吊脚楼”了，分平地和斜坡吊脚楼，是穿斗式歇山顶结构，一般三层，第一层用于放劳动工具和关家禽，第二层是厨房，客厅和卧室，堂屋外侧建有独特的“美人靠”，苗语“阶息”，用于刺绣，乘凉和注意有一句歇语“美人靠上靠一靠，不是美人三分俏”，第三层用于放谷物，当然有的是闺房，全是木质结构。向前直走，只见一个露天广场，走进一看，我来的`是时候，十点，苗族歌舞表演，有苗族飞歌、铜鼓舞、高排芦笙舞、反排木鼓舞等等。不管是节目还是服饰都是精美绝伦。当我转身，看脸了几个大字“以美丽回答一切——余秋雨”。

这就是余秋雨先生对它的回答。有句话是“十里不同风，百里不同俗”，这里是“大节三六九，小节天天有”。这里的人儿，热情淳朴，过苗年节，吃新节还有十三年举行一次，一次举行三年的牯藏节，这里有自然纯手工的刺绣，服饰，银饰，有具有少数民族风情的饮食(酸汤鱼)等等。一步一个脚印，我往山头走去，经过了蜡染坊，苗族文化博物馆，看到了护寨树，到达山顶的鼓藏头家，原来这里也有一系列的自然领袖。如：“方老”地方最高领袖，“寨老”寨里最高领袖，“族老”某一族家族领袖，“理老”负责民间纠纷，“榔头”负责治安，“鼓藏头”负责祭祀，“活路头”相当于农业部部长等等。

站在山头，看着夕阳西下，是一副农耕文化与田园风光，这里的人日出而耕，日落而息。夜晚，我踏上了观景台“万家灯火、瞩目西江”。

大片大片的苗族吊角楼，清澈见底的山泉，精美至极的银器......没错，我来到了向往已久的西江千户苗寨，顾名思义，千户苗寨就是由很多户苗族人家组成的山寨村落。它由十余个依山而建的.自然村寨相连成片，是目前中国乃至全世界最大的苗族聚居村寨。这里拥有着深厚的苗族文化积淀，一切似乎都还保存着最初的样子。刚一进苗寨，我们就看见了独特的吊角楼。吊角楼一般都是三层，是由杉木做成的，柱与柱之间用大小不一的杉木斜穿直套连在一起。虽然没有用到一个铁钉，但还是十分坚固，楼檐翘角上翻如展翼欲飞，十分精致美丽。除了吊角楼，寨中还有许多具有苗族特色的景色和活动。风雨桥、银匠桥、敬酒歌......每一样都能让人感受到当地淳朴的民风。

但最让我印象深刻的还是苗寨夜晚的万家灯火。接近傍晚，我们登上山，找了一个观景的好地方。随着暮色慢慢降临，各家各户的灯也接二连三的亮了起来。等到天空完全暗了下来，一幅蔚为壮观的画面出现了：万千灯火随着山势蜿蜒起伏，形成了一条条披满金蟒的巨龙。灯光错落有致，莫测幻化，有如繁星点缀，再加上夜空中的一剪弯月，朦胧迷幻，真若走进了仙境一般，不，比仙境还要美个几分!

西江千户苗寨，赞曰：美!

各位游客朋友大家好!欢迎来到苗族之都—西江千户苗寨。俗话说“读万卷书，行万里路;也要名师来开路，导游来带路。”我叫依依，大家可以叫我小依，非常荣幸能给大家做导游;在旅途中如果大家有什么问题，还请大家及时提出，我将尽我所能为各位解答，在这里我预祝大家旅途愉快!

澳大利亚人类学家格迪斯在他的著作《山地的移民》里写道，世界上有两种苦难的移民，一遍布世界没有自己家园的犹太人;二是几千年来不断迁徙的中国苗族。而西江这个地方就是苗族第五次大迁徙的主要集结地。西江苗族最早约在西汉汉文都时迁徙到这里的距今也有1800多年的历史了，所以西江也可以叫千年古寨。到目前为止，西江有1288户人家，接近6000人，因此又称千户苗寨。这里是中国最大的苗族，也是世界最大的苗寨。

给大家大概说了西江的概况，想必大家已经迫不及待到的想要讲到它了吧!我们前面就是观景台了。

苗族是一个悲壮的民族，经历了五次大迁徙最后逃亡到这里定居，西江苗族来到这个四面环山的山谷里，地势险要、易守难攻。所以选择在这里定居也是考虑到一定的战略作用。在苗族呢有这样一种说法，水湾越大的地方，就越能够狙击财富、狙击人才。大家看西江是不是处在一个大水湾里呢!前环水、背靠山、左青龙、右白虎。这里汇集了天地的灵气，真是一块风水宝地!

人们都说“玩在西江，看在西江，更要醉在西江”在千户苗寨里穿行，犹如穿梭于这个古朴苗苗族文化的历史时空中!

寨中层层叠叠的吊脚木楼，从河两岸依着山势迤逦向上展开，房前屋后，茂篁点缀;寨脚寨顶，枫叶掩映。是如此的气势恢宏!每到黄昏时分，千家万户都亮起了各自家的灯，随着天色越来越暗，苗寨变成了灯的海洋，那场景就更璀璨、更醉人了!

说到吊脚木楼，它可是苗族人民智慧的结晶，依山而建不仅节约了用地;聚集在一起还可以抵御外敌。吊脚楼一般为三层，底层用于存放生产工具、养家畜或用作厕所。第二层用作客厅、堂屋、卧室和厨房。第三层用来存放谷物、饲料等生产生活资料。吊脚楼最大的特点就是在二楼宽敞明亮的走廊上，有一种典型栏杆，它叫“美人靠，”苗语叫“豆安息;”是姑娘们刺绣、打扮、唱歌的地方。

朋友们注意啦，现在在我们眼前的这座桥就是风雨桥了，“风雨桥”意为遮风挡雨的桥，它既可以行人也能够给想乘凉休息的人提供一个很舒适的地方。这里一到晚上，还有着很多当地的青年男女在这“游方”大家可能会奇怪，“游方”是什么呀，就由我来告诉大家把。“游方”就是苗族青年男女谈恋爱的意思，参加游方的青年男女都会盛装打扮自己来吸引爱慕者。是不是很有意思呢!如果各位对苗族恋爱的地方感兴趣的话，那今晚不妨邀请您的心上人来这里感受着温馨而浪漫的夜晚吧。

细心的朋友可能会注意到桥头的树，这树到底是用来干什么的呢?这就是西江的保寨树—枫香树。树老，任其死亡，枯烂倒地。谁都不能砍伐或伤害。这种对枫香树的崇拜，同时也寓意苗族人的心酸历史，逐鹿之战，黄帝使计擒获蚩尤，用枫木做成桎梏，因而杀之。苗族先民为避战乱而迁徙，每到一处都要看是否有枫香树，有则有祖先神灵存在。

在西江有句话叫做“大节三六九，小节年年有”，这说明了苗族的民间节日丰富多彩。其中最隆重的是鼓藏节，又叫祭鼓节，是苗族最隆重的祭祖大典活动。每十三年过一次，过一次就要连续过三年。其次是苗年，它分三次过，为初年、大年、末年。苗年是苗族人为庆祝丰收而过的节日，过苗年要吃“长桌宴”，桌上摆满了丰盛的饭菜。除此之外，“长桌宴”又是苗家隆重的待客之道，因此待会大家可有口福了呢!

在清雍正以前，地方事务多由自然领袖管理，西江苗族的自然领袖主要包括“方老”、“寨老”、“鼓藏头”、“活路头”等。“方老”是自然地方的最高领袖;“寨老”是每个苗寨的最高领袖;“鼓藏头”负责召集和主持祭祀、祭祖活动，祭祀用的神器铜鼓就是放在鼓藏头的家里;“活路头”则主持安排农业生产，是苗寨农业部部长。

游客朋友们，现在我们看到这非常富有民族特色的吊脚楼就是我们西江的苗族博物馆。这里所陈列的物品都展现了苗族文化习俗、艺术、文物等方面，是一座集学术交流与表演为一体的中型苗族博物馆。在这里，你可以恭耳聆听到苗族祖先的足迹，透过时空看到苗族的过去点点滴滴。就让我们一起进去感受这神奇的文化吧!

朋友们，我们的行程到这里要结束了，穿行在古老而又神秘的西江苗寨里，仿佛心灵接受了一次洗礼，思想得到了一次净化。在这离别之际，送大家一句话：“我们常说因为生活我们不能失去工作，那反过来我们也不能因为工作而失去了生活，在这忙碌的工作之余别忘了给自己留一份空间。”最后祝大家归途一切顺利。

各位游客朋友，大家好!欢迎大家来到“歌舞之州”、“神奇之州”、“百节之乡”的贵州黔东南，我是大家今天的导游—张琴，“张扬个性，如鼓似琴”，大家可以直接叫我张导，现在我们开始走进国家级4A级旅游景区——西江苗寨。

苗家招待客人以酒为重，苗族同胞们将以他们最高的接待礼仪——十二道迎宾拦路酒来迎接我们。喝酒方法何其多，唯有此处最特别，只要你的手碰到了牛角酒杯就必须得喝完，所以我们酒量略差的朋友，只要用嘴对着苗族姑娘们手上的牛角酒杯轻轻尝一口即可。

西江苗寨位于雷山县东北面，距县城37公里，距州府凯里39公里。寨内有1288户人家，居民近6000人，为全国最大最典型的苗寨，因此被称为“千户苗寨”，西江是苗语“鸡讲”汉译而来，意思是苗族西氏支系居住的地方。这里保留着原生的民族文化，原始的自然生态。

西江千户苗寨坐落在河谷，源于雷公坪的白水河，穿寨而过。这是苗家的风雨桥，出于改善村寨风水条件和方便居民生活，多数苗寨都在自己村寨附近建有风雨桥，以关风蓄气和挡风遮雨。

这里的建筑以木质吊脚楼为主，为穿斗式歇山顶结构，层层吊脚楼依山势而建。吊脚楼一般为三层，底层用于存放生产工具，圈养牲畜和家禽;第二层用作客厅，堂屋，卧室和厨房。大家是不是看到堂屋外侧建有一个很特别的靠椅呢?那叫“美人靠”，主要用于观景、乘凉，有这样的说法，“美人靠上靠美人，不是美人俏三分”;第三层用来存放粮食和杂物。

西江苗寨最不缺的就是节日，其中“过苗年”，“牯脏节”尤为隆重。“长桌宴”是苗族过苗年的喜庆方式，也是苗家最隆重的待客礼仪，家家户户都会搬出桌子板凳，像接龙似的一长条，排上数百米，桌上摆着腊肉、酸菜、酸汤鱼等苗家特色菜肴，一会大家就能亲身体验了。“牯脏节”是苗族最大的祭祀活动，一般是七年一小祭，十三年一大祭，届时要杀一头牯子牛，着盛装，跳芦笙舞等，并邀亲朋好友共聚一堂，以增进感情，家庭和睦。

苗族是一个“以歌养心，以舞养身，以酒养神”的民族。我们现在来到的是芦笙场，也是苗族同胞们展现歌舞才艺的地方。芦笙舞是苗族一种流行最广的舞蹈，集舞蹈、杂技、体育、音乐为一体。说到舞蹈，那被誉为“东方迪斯科”的反排木鼓舞就更是热情奔放了。我们现在听到的是苗族飞歌，其音调高昂，气势雄浑，是一种最具代表性的苗族歌曲形式。大家有空的话可以常来西江苗寨学习苗家人的才艺，苗族还是一个热情好客的民族。

各位游客朋友，我们现在看到这块石碑刻着的“以美丽回答一切”7个字，是文学大师余秋雨先生在游完西江苗寨时情感诱发题写的。这条街叫“游方街”，大家猜猜“游方”是什么意思?“游方”是苗语谈恋爱的意思。每逢农闲时节晚上8—9点，这里聚满了水灵的苗族姑娘和健壮的苗族小伙，他们山歌对唱让游方街热闹非凡。

历史上，西江实行自主管理内部事务。清政府在苗疆实行“改土归流”后，西江苗寨接受了中央政府的管辖，一些自然领袖已基本不存在了，但负责主持祭祀活动的牯藏头和负责安排农业生产的活路头仍得以世袭保留。

在观景台上观望整个西江苗寨，像一个巨型的牛角，又像一只卧着的玉兔。

苗族服饰多种多样，色彩艳丽，素有“无字之史书”，“绣在衣服上的历史”之美誉。

现在我们前往的是西江之旅的最后一站——西江苗族博物馆，其占地面积3000多平方米，是一座集学术研究、参观与表演为一体的中型苗族博物馆。内设有服饰、医药、历史和生活等11个展馆，馆内收藏文物300多件，大家可以慢慢参观。

各位游客朋友，品味了苗家人的十二道迎宾拦路酒，踏着苗族的飞歌，西江苗寨之旅就到此结束了，谢谢大家的支持与配合，苗寨故事多，充满喜和乐，人生境界真善美，这里都包括，欢迎大家下次再来苗寨做客!

各位旅客大家好：

欢迎来到全球最大的苗寨---西江千户苗寨，我是今天的导游小赵，大家也可以叫我赵导。我今天会把我所知到的都全部和大家分享。希望大家今天旅途有更多收获，也祝大家旅途愉快。我们现在所在地就是西江千户苗寨，西江苗寨位于贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州，雷山县东北部的雷公山麓，由十余个依山而建的自然村寨相连接成片，是目前世界最大的苗族聚居村寨，据2005年统计西江千户苗寨现共住1288户，人口6000余人，其中苗族人口占百分之995，所以我们可以说苗族大本营在贵州，贵州苗族大本营在西江。苗族是一个勤劳的民族，苗族的历史源远流长，和远古时代的九黎、三苗、浸满有密切的联系，他们之间是一种一脉相承的渊源关系，所以说，苗族来源于皇帝时代的九黎、尧舜禹时代的三苗，而商周时代的荆蛮则是三苗的遗裔，由于一些历史原因苗族人经过几次大迁徒最终到达了位于西南部的贵州，并在这里扎下了根，创造出了具有贵州特色的苗族文化，贵州是苗族居住的地方，苗族文化保存最完整的地区，贵州集中了全国苗族的主要文化特色。苗族素来聚族而居形成大大下下不同的村寨，多是每族一姓，很少杂居，现在我们看到的建筑就是苗族人传统建筑---吊脚楼，吊脚楼是苗族人勤劳的象征，西江千户苗寨吊脚楼的营造技艺远承河姆渡文化中，南人巢居的干栏式建筑，可见苗家吊脚楼由来甚久贵州是一个青山秀水的地方，苗族同胞的村寨多依山建筑，形成了独特的居住风格，住房以木结构为主，多数为两层，少数为三层，在山腰上的多为吊脚楼，前为房楼后为平房，下层堆放柴草。

二楼住人，如有三楼则是用于堆放谷物之类，在吊脚二楼通常设置美人靠由于苗族美丽的姑娘们喜欢在美人靠上坐着刺绣，所以命名美人靠2006年5月20日，苗族吊脚楼营造技艺经国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。苗族节日很多：苗年、吃新节、四月八等等，都具有浓郁的民族特色，苗族是一个充满激情的民族，苗族人在他们的许多节日中会载歌载舞，苗族有与侗族齐名的，苗族飞哥以及有东方迪斯科，美誉的苗族反排木鼓舞，我们现在看到的就是反排木鼓舞和苗族飞哥，木鼓舞动作粗狂豪放，洒脱和谐潇洒刚劲，激越豪迈，热情奔放，表现啦，山区苗族人民顽强的气质和坚强的生命力，她是苗族舞蹈的精华，是苗族文化活动的活化石，是世界民族文化的一朵奇葩，飞哥的音调高亢嘹亮，豪迈奔放，明快。唱时声振山谷，有强烈的感染力，千户苗寨有一个每十三年一次的牯脏节是苗族人最看重的盛会。

西江可以说是活生生的苗族文化博物馆，在西江可以了解到苗族的各种文化习俗，而苗家长桌宴就是其中之一，苗家长桌宴少则几十人，多则可达3000多人，食物也是十分具有苗族特色。苗族的饮食以大米，包谷为主，特别喜欢吃酸辣味的食物，如酸汤，酸菜等，在当地越有种说法，三天不吃酸，走路打转转。在当地可谓家家有酸，餐餐有酸，样样有酸，当然辣味食品更是不可缺少，菜菜放辣，另外苗族人还特别喜欢饮酒，苗族人热情好客，重情义，讲信用。在苗家做客会感觉到备受优待，苗族饮食文化可以说是中国少数民族饮食文化中的一朵奇葩西江不愧是个好地方，2007年中国著名作家余秋雨先生在西江参观后都不惊赞道，西江以美丽回答一切，下面我们将要到的是游方坪，苗族有固定的游方坪，或游方坡，供青年男女谈恋爱，游方多以对歌的形式香火表达爱意，这种公开恋爱只要征得家长同意就可以结婚，西江苗族博物馆，主要展示苗族文化、习俗、艺术，文物等，黔东南州目前在西江打造成一个旅游品牌所以西江的基础设施十分齐全，政府的一些政策在提高苗族同同胞们的生活水平同时也为旅客们提供了便利，好了欣赏了这么多的苗族建筑和多彩的苗族风情以及他们深远古朴的历史文化想必大家收获颇多，那么我们的西江之行就到这结束了，相信大家对苗族文化都有了一一定的了解，欢迎大家再次到西江来旅游，再次为大家服务。

贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州雷山县千户苗寨，是中国仅有的，世界无双的千户苗寨。1285户苗家的木质吊脚楼依山而建，层层相叠，鳞次栉比，气势恢弘。西江是苗语音译，意为苗族西氏支系居住的地方。西江千户苗寨由于聚居着众多的苗族人，被誉为“苗都”。在这层层叠叠、高低错落的苗寨深处，隐藏着太多的传奇和神秘。

外人来到西江，尚未进到寨内，无不为其巨大的规模与恢宏气势所震撼：与其说这是个村寨，不如说是一片森林，一片由吊脚木楼组成的森林，自山顶直铺到山脚，将整座山都严严实实地包裹起来。等到傍晚时分，寨子里炊烟四起，汇集在半空中如云如雾，那场景，就更加难以形容。寨子座落于河谷，四面群山环抱，重峦叠嶂。源于雷公坪的白水河蜿蜒流淌，穿寨而过。河水将西江苗寨一分为二，层层叠叠的吊脚木楼，从河两岸依着山势，迤逦向上展开，连绵成片的红彤彤板壁，在阳光照射下，一片辉煌。

西江千户苗寨是省级历史文化名城(镇)，为全省13个保护与建设的民族乡镇之一、被誉为"苗族民族文化艺术馆"，是研究苗族历史、文化的"活化石"。

西江有远近闻名的银匠村，苗族银饰制作具有极高水平。苗族银饰如大角银、小角银、银冠、银衣等的珍品大多出自西江。

西江鼓藏节(苗年)，闻名四海，小节年年有，大节13年一次，鼓藏节集中展现苗族的芦笙、铜鼓、银饰、服饰、挑花刺绣、婚嫁喜庆、斗牛、斗鸡、对歌、年饭等民族风情，是观赏和研究苗族传统文化的最佳时机。苗寨，就像一个现代的人走进一座历史博物馆，当抚摸着那些历史文物的时候，就想到咱们人类祖先的一种生存状态

各位游客朋友，大家好!欢迎大家来到“歌舞之州”、“神奇之州”、“百节之乡”的贵州黔东南，我是大家今天的导游—张琴，“张扬个性，如鼓似琴”，大家可以直接叫我张导，现在我们开始走进国家级4A级旅游景区——西江苗寨。

苗家招待客人以酒为重，苗族同胞们将以他们最高的接待礼仪——十二道迎宾拦路酒来迎接我们。喝酒方法何其多，唯有此处最特别，只要你的手碰到了牛角酒杯就必须得喝完，所以我们酒量略差的朋友，只要用嘴对着苗族姑娘们手上的牛角酒杯轻轻尝一口即可。

西江苗寨位于雷山县东北面，距县城37公里，距州府凯里39公里。寨内有1288户人家，居民近6000人，为全国最大最典型的苗寨，因此被称为“千户苗寨”，西江是苗语“鸡讲”汉译而来，意思是苗族西氏支系居住的地方。这里保留着原生的民族文化，原始的自然生态。

西江千户苗寨坐落在河谷，源于雷公坪的白水河，穿寨而过。这是苗家的风雨桥，出于改善村寨风水条件和方便居民生活，多数苗寨都在自己村寨附近建有风雨桥，以关风蓄气和挡风遮雨。

这里的建筑以木质吊脚楼为主，为穿斗式歇山顶结构，层层吊脚楼依山势而建。吊脚楼一般为三层，底层用于存放生产工具，圈养牲畜和家禽;第二层用作客厅，堂屋，卧室和厨房。大家是不是看到堂屋外侧建有一个很特别的靠椅呢?那叫“美人靠”，主要用于观景、乘凉，有这样的说法，“美人靠上靠美人，不是美人俏三分”;第三层用来存放粮食和杂物。

西江苗寨最不缺的就是节日，其中“过苗年”，“牯脏节”尤为隆重。“长桌宴”是苗族过苗年的喜庆方式，也是苗家最隆重的待客礼仪，家家户户都会搬出桌子板凳，像接龙似的一长条，排上数百米，桌上摆着腊肉、酸菜、酸汤鱼等苗家特色菜肴，一会大家就能亲身体验了。“牯脏节”是苗族最大的祭祀活动，一般是七年一小祭，十三年一大祭，届时要杀一头牯子牛，着盛装，跳芦笙舞等，并邀亲朋好友共聚一堂，以增进感情，家庭和睦。

二楼住人，如有三楼则是用于堆放谷物之类，在吊脚二楼通常设置美人靠由于苗族美丽的姑娘们喜欢在美人靠上坐着刺绣，所以命名美人靠2006年5月20日，苗族吊脚楼营造技艺经国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。苗族节日很多：苗年、吃新节、四月八等等，都具有浓郁的民族特色，苗族是一个充满激情的民族，苗族人在他们的许多节日中会载歌载舞，苗族有与侗族齐名的，苗族飞哥以及有东方迪斯科，美誉的苗族反排木鼓舞，我们现在看到的就是反排木鼓舞和苗族飞哥，木鼓舞动作粗狂豪放，洒脱和谐潇洒刚劲，激越豪迈，热情奔放，表现啦，山区苗族人民顽强的气质和坚强的生命力，她是苗族舞蹈的精华，是苗族文化活动的活化石，是世界民族文化的一朵奇葩，飞哥的音调高亢嘹亮，豪迈奔放，明快。唱时声振山谷，有强烈的感染力，千户苗寨有一个每十三年一次的牯脏节是苗族人最看重的盛会。

西江可以说是活生生的苗族文化博物馆，在西江可以了解到苗族的各种文化习俗，而苗家长桌宴就是其中之一，苗家长桌宴少则几十人，多则可达3000多人，食物也是十分具有苗族特色。苗族的饮食以大米，包谷为主，特别喜欢吃酸辣味的食物，如酸汤，酸菜等，在当地越有种说法，三天不吃酸，走路打转转。在当地可谓家家有酸，餐餐有酸，样样有酸，当然辣味食品更是不可缺少，菜菜放辣，另外苗族人还特别喜欢饮酒，苗族人热情好客，重情义，讲信用。在苗家做客会感觉到备受优待，苗族饮食文化可以说是中国少数民族饮食文化中的一朵奇葩西江不愧是个好地方，2007年中国著名作家余秋雨先生在西江参观后都不惊赞道， 以美丽回答一切，下面我们将要到的是游方坪，苗族有固定的游方坪，或游方坡，供青年男女谈恋爱，游方多以对歌的形式香火表达爱意，这种公开恋爱只要征得家长同意就可以结婚，西江苗族博物馆，主要展示苗族文化、习俗、艺术，文物等，黔东南州目前在西江打造成一个旅游品牌所以西江的基础设施十分齐全，政府的一些政策在提高苗族同同胞们的生活水平同时也为旅客们提供了便利，好了欣赏了这么多的苗族建筑和多彩的苗族风情以及他们深远古朴的历史文化想必大家收获颇多，那么我们的西江之行就到这结束了，相信大家对苗族文化都有了一一定的了解，欢迎大家再次到西江来旅游，再次为大家服务。

女士们、先生们：

我先做一下自我介绍：我是今天带你们游览黄果树瀑布的导游，叫我小田就可以了.

今天我们将要游览的风景点是黄果树瀑布。黄果树瀑布是中国第一大瀑布，也是世界上著名的大瀑布之一。1982年11月，经中华人民共和国国务院审定，黄果树瀑布已被列为国家重点风景名胜区。

黄果树瀑布距省城贵阳市137公里，位于贵州省西部镇宁县和关岭县接壤处的打邦河支流的白水河上。从贵阳乘车到黄果树，约需一个半小时左右时间。今天起的也比较早，请大家在车上稍作休息，养精蓄锐，待会儿一睹黄果树瀑布的风采.

黄果树瀑布风景区已经到了，下车后请不要走散，我立即去买票，把票发给大家.

进景区后请大家跟着我走。首先我们参观到的是黄果树盆景园。盆景园是黄果树瀑布景区里新近开发的，又一处景观。它离黄果树宾馆仅500米，占地40亩，园内展示盆景3000多盆，姿态各异，争奇斗艳。黄果树瀑布景区地处贵州西部低洼地带，海拔较低，终年无霜，极适宜亚热带植物生长。这里随处可见仙人掌、黄桷兰、白玉兰等多肉植物及其它喜温灌木乔木。除此之外，在南方植物园里常见的栾树、米兰等，也已在此安家。一年四季枝繁叶茂、花团繁簇。

请大家跟着我继续向前走，前面就是闻名遐迩的黄果树大瀑布了。

黄果树瀑布高68米，加上瀑上瀑6米，总高74米，宽81米，夏秋洪水暴涨，瀑布如黄河倒倾，峭壁震颤，谷底轰雷，十里开外，也能听到它的咆哮;由于水流的强大冲击力，溅起的水雾可弥漫数百米以上，使坐落在瀑布左侧崖顶上的寨子和街市常常被溅起的水雾所笼罩。游人谓之“银雨洒金街”。冬春水小，瀑布便分成三五绺从岸顶上挂下来，远远望去，那洁白的水帘飘然而下，扬扬洒洒，如绸缎飘舞，如仙袂飘举，如淑女浣纱??。数百年来，黄果树瀑布的雄姿一直为许多文人学者所惊叹。清代贵州著名书法家、“颐和园”三字的题额者严寅亮在“望水亭”题写的对联：“白水如棉，不用弓弹花自散。红霞似锦，何需梭织天生成”，更是形象而生动地概括了黄果树瀑布的壮丽景色。

岜沙苗族部落仅2000余人，分住在贵州省从江县城南6公里处月亮山麓茫然林海中的5个寨子里。走进岜沙，随处可见茂密的森林。他们以稻作为主，狩猎为伴。这里箐黑林密，鸟道蚕丛，具有很强的隐蔽性，千百年来极少有外人进入。岜沙村不大，村寨建于山粱坳口及面向都柳江一侧的半坡上。村寨木楼古朴、简单;四周则为密林环绕，环境幽雅;村民全系苗族，衣着传统，发势奇特。

坐落在贵州从江县海拔550米的山坳上，有300余户。因地处偏远，保留了古老的生活习俗。其装束有秦汉遗风，岜沙男子在头顶挽着发髻，穿着自家纺织的无领右开襟亮布衣，直筒大裤管亮布裤。长年身佩腰刀，肩扛火药枪，仿佛古代武士。女性则穿着自己制作的亮布衣裙，佩戴银饰。

如有宾客来临，一身威武的岜沙男子在寨门前吹奏芦笙、芒筒,

岜沙姑娘用牛角杯敬上拦门米酒。一曲笙歌奏毕，三声铁铳响起，火枪对天鸣放，打开寨门迎宾入内。随后沿林中石板小道走进寨子，表演民族风情习俗。岜沙苗寨被誉为“阳光下最后一个枪手部落”。

I will share all I know with you today. I hope you can have more harvest

today and have a good trip. Xijiang Miao village is located at the foot of

Leigong Mountain in the northeast of Leishan County, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong

Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou Province. It is connected by more than ten

natural villages built close to the mountain. It is the largest Miao village in

the world at present, according to 20 reports__ According to the annual

statistics, there are 1288 households in Xijiang Miao village, with a population

of more than 6000, of which the Miao population accounts for 995%. Therefore, we

can say that the base camp of Miao is in Guizhou, and the base camp of Guizhou

Miao is in Xijiang. Miao nationality is a hardworking nationality. It has a long

history and is closely related to Jiuli, Sanmiao and Jinman in ancient times.

They are in a continuous line. Therefore, Miao nationality comes from Jiuli in

emperor's time and Sanmiao in Yao, Shun and Yu's time, while jingman in Shang

and Zhou Dynasties is a descendant of Sanmiao. Due to some historical reasons,

Miao people have gone through several times The Da Qian Tu finally arrived in

Guizhou, which is located in the southwest of China. He took root here and

created the Miao culture with Guizhou characteristics. Guizhou is the place

where the Miao people live and the area where the Miao culture is most

completely preserved. Guizhou has concentrated the main cultural characteristics

of the Miao people in China. Miao people have always lived together to form

different villages. Most of them have one family name, and rarely live together.

Now we see the traditional architecture of Miao people, the stilted building,

which is a symbol of Miao people's hard work. The construction technology of the

stilted building in Xijiang thousand family Miao village is far from the Ganlan

architecture of south people's nest in Hemudu culture. It can be seen that the

Miao stilted building has a long history in Guizhou It is a place with green

mountains and beautiful waters. The Miao people's villages are mostly built

close to the mountains, forming a unique living style. The houses are mainly of

wood structure, most of which are two-story and a few of which are three-story.

On the hillside, most of them are stilted buildings, the front is a building,

the back is a bungalow, and the lower layer is piled with firewood.

People live on the second floor. If there is a third floor, it is used for

stacking grain and so on. On the second floor of the hanging feet, there is

usually a beauty seat. Because the beautiful girls of the Miao nationality like

to sit on the beauty seat and embroider, it is named beauty seat 20__ On May 20,

2005, Miao people's stilted building construction techniques were approved by

the State Council and listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural

heritage list. There are many Miao festivals: Miao new year, Chixin Festival,

April 8 and so on, all of which have strong national characteristics. Miao

people are a passionate nation, and Miao people will sing and dance in many of

their festivals. Miao people are as famous as Dong people, Miao Feige and Miao

anti paimu drum, which have the reputation of Oriental disco. What we see now

are anti paimu drum and Miao Feige The wooden drum dance is bold and bold, free

and harmonious, vigorous, vigorous, passionate and passionate. It shows the

stubborn temperament and strong vitality of the Miao people in the mountain

area. She is the cream of Miao dance, a living fossil of Miao cultural

activities, and a wonderful flower of the world's national culture. Brother

Fei's tone is loud, loud, bold and bold, and bright. When singing, it vibrates

the valley and has a strong appeal. There is a guzang festival once every 13

years in Qianhu Miao village, which is the most important event of Miao

people.

Xijiang can be said to be a living Miao culture museum. In Xijiang, we can

learn all kinds of Miao culture and customs, and the table banquet for Miao

parents is one of them. The long table banquet for Miao family can reach more

than 3000 people from dozens of people to more than 3000 people. The food also

has Miao characteristics. Miao people's diet is mainly rice and cereal. They

especially like to eat sour and spicy food, such as sour soup and pickled

cabbage. There is a local saying that they don't eat sour food for three days

and walk around. It can be said that every family has acid, every meal has acid,

and everything has acid. Of course, spicy food is indispensable. Vegetables are

spicy. In addition, Miao people especially like drinking. Miao people are

hospitable, friendly and trustworthy. As a guest in the Miao family, you will

feel that you are well treated. The Miao diet culture can be said to be a

wonderful flower in the diet culture of China's ethnic minorities. Xijiang is

indeed a good place__ After visiting Xijiang in, Yu Qiuyu, a famous Chinese

writer, said, "Xijiang answers everything with beauty. Next we are going to

visit youfangping. The Miao people have a fixed youfangping or youfangpo for

young men and women to fall in love. Most of them express their love in the form

of couplets. This kind of public love can be married with the consent of their

parents. Xijiang Miao Museum At present, Qiandongnan Prefecture has built a

tourism brand in Xijiang, so the infrastructure of Xijiang is very complete.

Some policies of the government not only improve the living standards of Miao

people and their compatriots, but also provide convenience for tourists. It's

good to appreciate so many Miao buildings, colorful Miao customs and their

profound and simple customs We must have gained a lot in history and culture, so

this is the end of our trip to Xijiang. I believe you have a certain

understanding of Miao culture. Welcome to Xijiang again to travel and serve you

again.

Australian anthropologist Geddes wrote in his book mountain immigrants that

there are two kinds of miserable immigrants in the world: the Jews who do not

have their own homes in the world, and the Chinese Miao people who have been

migrating for thousands of years. Xijiang is the main gathering place of the

fifth great migration of Miao nationality. Xijiang Miao people first moved here

about the time of hanwendu in the Western Han Dynasty, and it has a history of

more than 1800 years, so Xijiang can also be called the Millennium ancient

village. So far, there are 1288 families in Xijiang, nearly 6000 people, so it

is also called Qianhu Miao village. This is the largest Miao Nationality in

China and the largest Miao village in the world.

I gave you a general introduction of Xijiang River. I think you can't wait

to talk about it. The viewing platform is in front of us.

Miao nationality is a solemn and stirring nationality. After five

migrations, they finally fled to settle here. Xijiang Miao nationality came to

this valley surrounded by mountains. The terrain is dangerous, easy to defend

and difficult to attack. So choosing to settle down here is also considering a

certain strategic role. There is a saying among the Miao people that the bigger

the water bay, the more they can snipe wealth and talents. Let's see if Xijiang

River is in a big water bay. It's surrounded by water in the front, backed by

mountains, left Qinglong and right Baihu. Here is a collection of the aura of

heaven and earth. It's really a geomantic treasure land!

It is said that "playing in Xijiang, watching in Xijiang, we should be

drunk in Xijiang." walking through the Miao village is like shuttling through

the historical time and space of the ancient Miao culture!

In the village, the layers of wooden buildings with hanging feet spread out

from both sides of the river in accordance with the mountains. In front of the

house and behind the house, there are luxuriant bamboos; in the foot of the

village, there are maple leaves on the top. It's so magnificent! Every evening,

thousands of families light up their own lights. As the sky gets darker and

darker, the Miao village becomes a sea of lights, and the scene becomes brighter

and more intoxicating!

When it comes to Diaojiao wooden building, it is the crystallization of the

wisdom of the Miao people. Building close to the mountain not only saves land,

but also can resist foreign enemies. The bottom floor is used for storing

production tools, raising livestock or toilet. The second floor is used as

living room, main room, bedroom and kitchen. The third layer is used to store

grain, feed and other means of production and living. The most important feature

of the stilted building is that on the spacious and bright corridor on the

second floor, there is a typical kind of railing, which is called "meirenkui"

and "douxiebai" in Miao language. It is a place for girls to embroider, dress

and sing.

Attention, friends. Now the bridge in front of us is Fengyu bridge. Fengyu

bridge means a bridge to keep out the wind and rain. It can provide a very

comfortable place for pedestrians and people who want to have a cool rest. There

are many young men and women here at night. You may wonder what "Youfang" is.

Let me tell you. "Youfang" means that young men and women of Miao nationality

fall in love. Young men and women who participate in Youfang will dress up to

attract admirers. If you are interested in the place where Miao people fall in

love, you might as well invite your sweetheart to come here tonight to feel the

warm and romantic night.

Careful friends may notice the tree at the end of the bridge. What is the

tree used for? This is the maple tree in Xijiang. Old tree, let it die, rotten

to the ground. No one can cut or hurt. This worship of maple also implies the

sad history of the Miao people. In the battle for the deer, the Yellow Emperor's

envoy planned to capture Chi you and use Maple to make shackles, so he killed

him. In order to avoid the war, the ancestors of Miao nationality migrated.

Everywhere they went, they had to see whether there were Liquidambar trees or

ancestors.

In Xijiang, there is a saying that "big festival is 369, small festival is

every year", which shows that the folk festivals of Miao people are rich and

colorful. Among them, the most ceremonious is the guzang Festival, also known as

the Drum Festival, which is the most ceremonious ancestor worship ceremony of

the Miao nationality. Once every 13 years, once in a row for three years. The

second is the year of Miao, which is divided into three periods: the first year,

the first year and the last year. The year of Miao is a festival for the Miao

people to celebrate a bumper harvest. They have to eat a "long table banquet"

with plenty of food on the table. In addition, "long table banquet" is a grand

way for the Miao family to treat guests, so we will have a good time later!

Before Yongzheng of Qing Dynasty, local affairs were mostly managed by

natural leaders. The natural leaders of Miao Nationality in Xijiang mainly

included "Fanglao", "Zhailao", "gucangtou", "huolutou", etc. "Fang Lao" is the

highest leader of the natural place; "Zhailao" is the highest leader of each

Miao village; "gucangtou" is responsible for convening and hosting the

activities of sacrifice and ancestor worship. The bronze drum used for sacrifice

is placed in gucangtou's home; "huolutou" is responsible for arranging

agricultural production and is the Minister of agriculture of Miao village.

Tourists, now we can see that the Diaojiaolou with national characteristics

is our Miao Museum in Xijiang. The items on display here show Miao culture,

customs, arts, cultural relics, etc. it is a medium-sized Miao Museum

integrating academic exchanges and performances. Here, you can listen to the

footprints of the Miao ancestors and see the past of the Miao people through

time and space. Let's go in and feel the magic culture together!

My friends, our journey is coming to an end. Walking through the ancient

and mysterious Xijiang Miao village, it seems that our mind has been baptized

and our mind has been purified. At this time of parting, I would like to send

you a sentence: "we often say that we can't lose our job because of our life. On

the contrary, we can't lose our life because of our work. Don't forget to leave

a space for ourselves after this busy work." Finally, I wish you all the best on

your way home.

Welcome to Xijiang Qianhu Miao village, the largest Miao village in the

world. I'm Xiao Yang, today's Guide. You can also call me director Yang. I will

share all I know with you today. I hope you can have more harvest today and have

a good trip.

① Xijiang Miao village is located at the foot of Leigong Mountain in the

northeast of Leishan County, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture of

Guizhou Province. It is connected by more than ten natural villages built close

to the mountain. It is the largest Miao village in the world at present,

according to 20 reports__ According to the annual statistics, there are 1288

households in Xijiang Miao village, with a population of more than 6000, of

which the Miao population accounts for 99.5%. Therefore, we can say that the

base camp of the Miao people is in Guizhou, and the base camp of the Miao people

in Guizhou is in Xijiang.

② Miao nationality is a hardworking nationality. It has a long history and

is closely related to Jiuli, Sanmiao and Jinman in ancient times. They are in a

continuous line. Therefore, Miao nationality comes from Jiuli in emperor's time

and Sanmiao in Yao, Shun and Yu's time, while jingman in Shang and Zhou

Dynasties is a descendant of Sanmiao The second great migration finally arrived

in Guizhou, which is located in the southwest of China. They took root here and

created the Miao culture with Guizhou characteristics. Guizhou is the place

where the Miao people live and the area where the Miao culture is most

completely preserved. Guizhou has concentrated the main cultural characteristics

of the Miao people in China.

③ Miao people have always lived together to form different villages. Most

of them have one family name, and rarely live together. Now we see the

traditional architecture of Miao people, the stilted building, which is a symbol

of Miao people's hard work. The construction technology of the stilted building

in Xijiang thousand family Miao village is far from the Ganlan architecture of

south people's nest in Hemudu culture. It can be seen that the Miao stilted

building has a long history Zhou is a place with green mountains and beautiful

waters. The Miao people's villages are mostly built close to the mountains,

forming a unique living style. The houses are mainly of wood structure, most of

which are two-story and a few of which are three-story. On the hillside, most of

them are stilted buildings, the front of which are buildings, the back of which

are bungalows, and the lower layer is piled with firewood and animals. People

live on the second floor. If there is a third floor, it is used for stacking

grain and so on. On the second floor of the hanging feet, there is usually a

distinctive chair, because the beautiful Miao girls like to sit on it with

embroidery,

Therefore, it was named "meirenkao". The Miao people's stilted building

construction technology was approved by the State Council and listed in the

first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

Welcome to Qiandongnan, Guizhou Province, which is called "the state of

singing and dancing", "the magical state" and "the town of hundred Festivals".

I'm Zhang Qin, your guide today. You can directly call me Zhang Dao. Now we're

going into the national 4A tourist scenic spot - Xijiang Miao village.

Wine is the most important hospitality for the Miao family. The Miao

compatriots will greet us with their highest reception etiquette, twelve ways of

wine. There are so many ways to drink, only here is the most special. As long as

your hand touches the ox horn wine cup, you have to finish it. So our friends

who are slightly poor in drinking, just take a sip of the ox horn wine cup on

the hands of Miao girls.

Xijiang Miao village is located in the northeast of Leishan County, 37

kilometers away from the county seat and 39 kilometers away from Kaili, the

state capital. There are 1288 families in the village, with nearly 6000

residents. It is the largest and most typical Miao village in China, so it is

called "thousand families Miao village". Xijiang is the Chinese translation of

Miao language "jishuo", which means the place where the West Branch of Miao

nationality lives. The original national culture and natural ecology are

preserved here.

Xijiang Qianhu Miao village is located in the river valley. It originates

from Baishui River in leigongping and passes through the village. This is the

Fengyu bridge of the Miao family. In order to improve the Fengshui conditions of

the villages and facilitate the life of the residents, most of the Miao villages

have built Fengyu bridges near their own villages to close the wind, store the

air and block the wind and rain.

The buildings here are mainly wooden stilted buildings, which are of the

structure of passing through the bucket and resting on the top of the mountain.

The bottom floor is used for storing production tools, livestock and poultry;

the second floor is used for living room, main room, bedroom and kitchen. Do you

see a special armchair built outside the main hall? It's called "beauty seat".

It's mainly used for viewing and enjoying the cool. There's a saying that

"beauty seat depends on beauty, not beauty's beauty"; the third floor is used to

store food and sundries.

Xijiang Miao village is not short of festivals, especially the "Miao New

Year" and "Gu Zang Festival". "Long table banquet" is a happy way for Miao

people to celebrate the new year of Miao. It is also the most ceremonious

hospitality etiquette of Miao people. Every family will move out tables and

benches, like a Jielong strip, hundreds of meters long. On the table, there are

bacon, pickled vegetables, sour soup fish and other Miao special dishes. After a

while, you can experience them personally. "Guzan Festival" is the biggest

sacrificial activity of Miao people. It is generally a small sacrifice in seven

years and a big sacrifice in thirteen years. At that time, a GuZi cow will be

killed, dressed in costumes, and Lusheng dance will be performed. Relatives and

friends will be invited to gather together to enhance their feelings and family

harmony.

Miao nationality is a nation that "nourishes the heart by singing,

nourishes the body by dancing and nourishes the spirit by drinking". We are now

at Lusheng stadium, where Miao people show their singing and dancing skills.

Lusheng dance is one of the most popular dances of Miao nationality, which

integrates dance, acrobatics, sports and music. When it comes to dance, the anti

paimu dance, known as "Oriental disco", is even more passionate. What we are

hearing now is the flying song of Miao nationality, which is the most

representative form of Miao nationality song with high tone and powerful

momentum. If you have time, you can often come to Xijiang Miao village to learn

the talents of the Miao family. The Miao people are still a hospitable

people.

Dear tourists, we can see the seven words "answer everything with beauty"

carved on this stone tablet. It was written by Yu Qiuyu, a literary master, when

he finished his tour of Xijiang Miao village. This street is called "Youfang

Street". Can you guess what "Youfang" means? "Youfang" means love in Miao

language. At 8-9 p.m. in the slack season, there are lots of Miao girls and

strong Miao boys. Their folk songs make Youfang Street lively.

In history, Xijiang implemented independent management of internal affairs.

After the Qing government implemented the policy of "changing the land to flow"

in the Miao area, Xijiang Miao Village accepted the jurisdiction of the central

government, and some natural leaders no longer existed. However, Gu zangtou, who

was in charge of sacrificial activities, and huolutou, who was in charge of

arranging agricultural production, were still inherited.

Looking at the whole Xijiang Miao village from the observation platform, it

looks like a giant ox horn and a jade rabbit lying on its back.

Miao costumes are various and colorful. They are known as "history books

without words" and "history embroidered on clothes".

Now we are going to Xijiang Miao Museum, the last stop of Xijiang tour. It

covers an area of more than 3000 square meters and is a medium-sized Miao Museum

integrating academic research, visit and performance. There are 11 pavilions,

including clothing, medicine, history and life. There are more than 300 cultural

relics in the museum. You can visit them slowly.

Dear tourist friends, after tasting the twelve welcome bars of Miao family

and following the flying songs of Miao people, the journey of Xijiang Miao

village is over. Thank you for your support and cooperation. Miao village has

many stories, full of joy and happiness, and the realm of life is true, good and

beautiful. All of them are included here. Welcome to visit Miao village next

time!

亲爱的游客朋友们：大家好，很高兴今天能和大家缘聚在此，我是即将带你们游览古朴苗寨的能说会唱的小黎导游啦。我代表____旅行社欢迎大家的到来，欢迎来到我们美丽的贵州。在今天岜沙一日游中，我会给远到而来的朋友们提供优质的导游服务，希望大家旅途愉快!

在即将进入美丽而神奇的岜沙，我给你们介绍一下它。岜沙苗寨距县城7.5公里，属从江县丙妹镇，由5个自然寨组成。全村四百多户两千多人。是一个崇尚自然，以树为神的枪手部落，岜沙这个苗族的分支是随着他们的先民“九黎”部落在逐鹿大战战败后，从东方长途跋涉迁徙过来的。是中国最后一个枪手部落!

进入岜沙，你们可以看到这里树木幽深，古藤缠绕，浓荫蔽日，不禁让人感叹。感叹树怎会那么多?我给大家解开疑惑，在岜沙，如果盗伐树木除了退赃以外，还要罚三个120，即120斤米、120斤酒和120斤肉,以此来请全寨人食用，作为惩罚。这三个120是不是挺有意思呢?除此之外，岜沙人生小孩，葬礼都有栽树的优良传统。就是在这严厉的古规民约和朴实的生态观，使这里森林能完好保持至今!

我们现在踏上进村的石板路，吊脚楼层层叠叠地蔓延开。岜沙被誉为苗族原生文化“活化石”和“博物馆”。来到岜沙，朋友们会像我一样对岜沙的穿着感兴趣吧?男子身穿自织的无领右开衫铜扣青布高腰衣，黑色直筒大裤脚，身背腰刀，一身古代武士装束。妇女服饰简约却又极为精美，百褶短裙，配以古色古香的刺绣图案，还配银项圈、手镯。其民族风情和传统文化保存完好，民居和习俗原始古朴。

西江千户苗寨是全世界最大的苗寨。被中外人类学家和民俗学者认为是保存苗族“原始生态”文化比较完整的地方。

西江苗族的历史非常悠久，可以追溯到公元前559年的蚩尤部落。据说西江苗族是蚩尤第三个儿子的后裔。江西苗族迁徙西江之前已经形成了自己的苗族文化体系，到西江后又长期处于政府“管外”(管制之外)的状况，一直是自己管理自己，因而苗族文化得到很好的保存和发展，再加上交通的不便，统治者欲同化也鞭长莫及。

雷山苗族银饰以其鲜明的特色在中国苗族银饰文化中占有极其重要的地位。最有影响的银饰制作村是雷山县大沟乡控拜，该村是中国苗乡闻名的银匠村。控拜几乎全村男人都掌握银饰制作技术，沿袭了若干代人。这里的银饰艺人除了满足本县的需要外，还走南闯北，云游四乡以银饰手艺为生。远在榕江乃至黔南的一些边远县份，还可以寻到这里银饰艺人的踪迹。

最负盛名的中国苗族银饰是雷山和台江，两地的苗族女子节日盛装的银冠，银角和银凤雀等头饰雍容华贵，连小姑娘都头戴华丽的银冠。

穿裙最短的是世居深山的雷山桥港苗族女子。6寸长的细褶裙，层层缠绕腰间，使臀围显得特别丰满，内穿青布紧身大襟衣，外穿深红缎对襟短衣，短裙，前围腰长及膝部，后围腰长至脚跟。系织花腰带，又垂8根花带于身后，如锦鸡羽毛。下着青布紧腿裤，脚穿翘尖绣花鞋，头绾大髻，戴凤雀银钗，身佩各种银饰。

西江苗族也以鼓作为自己的联络工具。“鼓藏节”是西江人敬祭祖宗的盛大节日，是苗族人民文化和精神的最高体现。据说西江苗族的祖先是虎年迁到西江的，虎年至虎年恰合一个小甲子(13年)。13年一次鼓藏节也就约定俗成。西江鼓藏节是一个规矩严格、习俗繁多的节日。杀猪那天要听“鼓藏头”家凌晨五点以前杀叫的声音以后，四边人才能动手。鼓藏节到来的头两年，规定第一年(鼠年)为起鼓(引鼓)，要跳芦笙至少七天，最多九天。跳芦笙首先由“鼓藏头”家的姑娘先起头跳两圈，其余村寨的男女才能进场去载歌载舞。

各位游客朋友，大家好！欢迎大家来到“歌舞之州”、“神奇之州”、“百节之乡”的贵州黔东南，我是大家今天的导游—张琴，“张扬个性，如鼓似琴”，大家可以直接叫我张导，现在我们开始走进国家级4A级旅游景区——西江苗寨。

苗家招待客人以酒为重，苗族同胞们将以他们最高的接待礼仪——十二道迎宾拦路酒来迎接我们。喝酒方法何其多，唯有此处最特别，只要你的手碰到了牛角酒杯就必须得喝完，所以我们酒量略差的朋友，只要用嘴对着苗族姑娘们手上的牛角酒杯轻轻尝一口即可。

西江苗寨位于雷山县东北面，距县城37公里，距州府凯里39公里。寨内有1288户人家，居民近6000人，为全国最大最典型的苗寨，因此被称为“千户苗寨”，西江是苗语“鸡讲”汉译而来，意思是苗族西氏支系居住的地方。这里保留着原生的民族文化，原始的自然生态。

西江千户苗寨坐落在河谷，源于雷公坪的白水河，穿寨而过。这是苗家的风雨桥，出于改善村寨风水条件和方便居民生活，多数苗寨都在自己村寨附近建有风雨桥，以关风蓄气和挡风遮雨。

这里的建筑以木质吊脚楼为主，为穿斗式歇山顶结构，层层吊脚楼依山势而建。吊脚楼一般为三层，底层用于存放生产工具，圈养牲畜和家禽；第二层用作客厅，堂屋，卧室和厨房。大家是不是看到堂屋外侧建有一个很特别的靠椅呢？那叫“美人靠”，主要用于观景、乘凉，有这样的说法，“美人靠上靠美人，不是美人俏三分”；第三层用来存放粮食和杂物。

西江苗寨最不缺的'就是节日，其中“过苗年”，“牯脏节”尤为隆重。“长桌宴”是苗族过苗年的喜庆方式，也是苗家最隆重的待客礼仪，家家户户都会搬出桌子板凳，像接龙似的一长条，排上数百米，桌上摆着腊肉、酸菜、酸汤鱼等苗家特色菜肴，一会大家就能亲身体验了。“牯脏节”是苗族最大的祭祀活动，一般是七年一小祭，十三年一大祭，届时要杀一头牯子牛，着盛装，跳芦笙舞等，并邀亲朋好友共聚一堂，以增进感情，家庭和睦。

苗族是一个“以歌养心，以舞养身，以酒养神”的民族。我们现在来到的是芦笙场，也是苗族同胞们展现歌舞才艺的地方。芦笙舞是苗族一种流行最广的舞蹈，集舞蹈、杂技、体育、音乐为一体。说到舞蹈，那被誉为“东方迪斯科”的反排木鼓舞就更是热情奔放了。我们现在听到的是苗族飞歌，其音调高昂，气势雄浑，是一种最具代表性的苗族歌曲形式。大家有空的话可以常来西江苗寨学习苗家人的才艺，苗族还是一个热情好客的民族。

各位游客朋友，我们现在看到这块石碑刻着的“以美丽回答一切”7个字，是文学大师余秋雨先生在游完西江苗寨时情感诱发题写的。这条街叫“游方街”，大家猜猜“游方”是什么意思？“游方”是苗语谈恋爱的意思。每逢农闲时节晚上8—9点，这里聚满了水灵的苗族姑娘和健壮的苗族小伙，他们山歌对唱让游方街热闹非凡。

历史上，西江实行自主管理内部事务。清政府在苗疆实行“改土归流”后，西江苗寨接受了中央政府的管辖，一些自然领袖已基本不存在了，但负责主持祭祀活动的牯藏头和负责安排农业生产的活路头仍得以世袭保留。

在观景台上观望整个西江苗寨，像一个巨型的牛角，又像一只卧着的玉兔。

苗族服饰多种多样，色彩艳丽，素有“无字之史书”，“绣在衣服上的历史”之美誉。

现在我们前往的是西江之旅的最后一站——西江苗族博物馆，

其占地面积3000多平方米，是一座集学术研究、参观与表演为一体的中型苗族博物馆。内设有服饰、医药、历史和生活等11个展馆，馆内收藏文物300多件，大家可以慢慢参观。各位游客朋友，品味了苗家人的十二道迎宾拦路酒，踏着苗族的飞歌，西江苗寨之旅就到此结束了，谢谢大家的支持与配合，苗寨故事多，充满喜和乐，人生境界真善美，这里都包括，欢迎大家下次再来苗寨做客！

各位旅客大家好：

欢迎来到全球最大的苗寨西江千户苗寨，我是今天的导游小杨，大家也可以叫我杨导。我今天会把我所知到的都全部和大家分享。希望大家今天旅途有更多收获，也祝大家旅途愉快。①我们现在所在地就是西江千户苗寨，西江苗寨位于贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州，雷山县东北部的雷公山麓，由十余个依山而建的自然村寨相连接成片，是目前世界最大的苗族聚居村寨，据20__年统计西江千户苗寨现共住1288户，人口6000余人，其中苗族人口占百分之99.5，所以我们可以说苗族大本营在贵州，贵州苗族大本营在西江②苗族是一个勤劳的民族，苗族的历史源远流长，和远古时代的九黎、三苗、浸满有密切的联系，他们之间是一种一脉相承的渊源关系，所以说，苗族来源于皇帝时代的九黎、尧舜禹时代的三苗，而商周时代的荆蛮则是三苗的遗裔，由于一些历史原因苗族人经过几次大迁徒最终到达了位于西南部的贵州，并在这里扎下了根，创造出了具有贵州特色的.苗族文化，贵州是苗族居住的地方，苗族文化保存最完整的地区，贵州集中了全国苗族的主要文化特色。③苗族素来聚族而居形成大大下下不同的村寨，多是每族一姓，很少杂居，现在我们看到的建筑就是苗族人传统建筑---吊脚楼，吊脚楼是苗族人勤劳的象征，西江千户苗寨吊脚楼的营造技艺远承河姆渡文化中，南人巢居的干栏式建筑，可见苗家吊脚楼由来甚久贵州是一个青山秀水的地方，苗族同胞的村寨多依山建筑，形成了独特的居住风格，住房以木结构为主，多数为两层，少数为三层，在山腰上的多为吊脚楼，前为房楼后为平房，下层堆放柴草和关畜生。二楼住人，如有三楼则是用于堆放谷物之类，在吊脚二楼通常设置一种有特色的椅子，由于苗族美丽的姑娘们喜欢在上面坐着刺绣，

所以被命名“美人靠”，苗族吊脚楼营造技艺经国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。

各位游客朋友，大家好!欢迎大家来到“歌舞之州”、“神奇之州”、“百节之乡”的贵州黔东南，我是大家今天的导游—张琴，“张扬个性，如鼓似琴”，大家可以直接叫我张导，现在我们开始走进国家级4a级旅游景区——西江苗寨。

苗家招待客人以酒为重，苗族同胞们将以他们最高的接待礼仪——十二道迎宾拦路酒来迎接我们。喝酒方法何其多，唯有此处最特别，只要你的手碰到了牛角酒杯就必须得喝完，所以我们酒量略差的朋友，只要用嘴对着苗族姑娘们手上的牛角酒杯轻轻尝一口即可。

西江苗寨位于雷山县东北面，距县城37公里，距州府凯里39公里。寨内有1288户人家，居民近6000人，为全国最大最典型的苗寨，因此被称为“千户苗寨”，西江是苗语“鸡讲”汉译而来，意思是苗族西氏支系居住的地方。这里保留着原生的民族文化，原始的自然生态。

西江千户苗寨坐落在河谷，源于雷公坪的白水河，穿寨而过。这是苗家的风雨桥，出于改善村寨风水条件和方便居民生活，多数苗寨都在自己村寨附近建有风雨桥，以关风蓄气和挡风遮雨。

这里的建筑以木质吊脚楼为主，为穿斗式歇山顶结构，层层吊脚楼依山势而建。吊脚楼一般为三层，底层用于存放生产工具，圈养牲畜和家禽;第二层用作客厅，堂屋，卧室和厨房。大家是不是看到堂屋外侧建有一个很特别的靠椅呢?那叫“美人靠”，主要用于观景、乘凉，有这样的说法，“美人靠上靠美人，不是美人俏三分”;第三层用来存放粮食和杂物。

西江苗寨最不缺的就是节日，其中“过苗年”，“牯脏节”尤为隆重。“长桌宴”是苗族过苗年的喜庆方式，也是苗家最隆重的待客礼仪，家家户户都会搬出桌子板凳，像接龙似的一长条，排上数百米，桌上摆着腊肉、酸菜、酸汤鱼等苗家特色菜肴，一会大家就能亲身体验了。“牯脏节”是苗族最大的祭祀活动，一般是七年一小祭，十三年一大祭，届时要杀一头牯子牛，着盛装，跳芦笙舞等，并邀亲朋好友共聚一堂，以增进感情，家庭和睦。

苗族是一个“以歌养心，以舞养身，以酒养神”的民族。我们现在来到的是芦笙场，也是苗族同胞们展现歌舞才艺的地方。芦笙舞是苗族一种流行最广的舞蹈，集舞蹈、杂技、体育、音乐为一体。说到舞蹈，那被誉为“东方迪斯科”的反排木鼓舞就更是热情奔放了。我们现在听到的是苗族飞歌，其音调高昂，气势雄浑，是一种最具代表性的苗族歌曲形式。大家有空的话可以常来西江苗寨学习苗家人的才艺，苗族还是一个热情好客的民族。

各位游客朋友，我们现在看到这块石碑刻着的“以美丽回答一切”7个字，是文学大师余秋雨先生在游完西江苗寨时情感诱发题写的。这条街叫“游方街”，大家猜猜“游方”是什么意思?“游方”是苗语谈恋爱的意思。每逢农闲时节晚上8—9点，这里聚满了水灵的苗族姑娘和健壮的苗族小伙，他们山歌对唱让游方街热闹非凡。

历史上，西江实行自主管理内部事务。清政府在苗疆实行“改土归流”后，西江苗寨接受了中央政府的管辖，一些自然领袖已基本不存在了，但负责主持祭祀活动的牯藏头和负责安排农业生产的活路头仍得以世袭保留。

在观景台上观望整个西江苗寨，像一个巨型的牛角，又像一只卧着的玉兔。

苗族服饰多种多样，色彩艳丽，素有“无字之史书”，“绣在衣服上的历史”之美誉。

现在我们前往的是西江之旅的最后一站——西江苗族博物馆，其占地面积3000多平方米，是一座集学术研究、参观与表演为一体的中型苗族博物馆。内设有服饰、医药、历史和生活等11个展馆，馆内收藏文物300多件，大家可以慢慢参观。

各位游客朋友，品味了苗家人的十二道迎宾拦路酒，踏着苗族的飞歌，西江苗寨之旅就到此结束了，谢谢大家的支持与配合，苗寨故事多，充满喜和乐，人生境界真善美，这里都包括，欢迎大家下次再来苗寨做客!